Tempe Eksplainer: Anomali Daya Beli Masyarakat Melemah, Kenapa Tempat Wisata Tahun Baru Ramai?
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00:00During the Christmas holidays of 2024 and the New Year of 2025, a number of tourist attractions were visited by tourists.
00:12Not only that, PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia also recorded a spike in the number of passengers flying through 37 airports owned by Perseroan.
00:20The main director of PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia, Faik Fahmi, expressed that the traffic of passengers for 19 days during the Christmas and New Year holidays was 9.3 million passengers.
00:32As travel activities grow, the hotel industry is also affected.
00:37The chairperson of the Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association, Hariyadi Sukamdhani, stated that there is an increase in hotel occupancy in some favorite destinations.
00:45In Bali, for example, the growth in occupancy was recorded at 5%, while in Yogyakarta it rose by 10%.
00:53Density data in tourist destinations, airports, and hotels show the activity of people's consumption.
00:58However, this condition seems like an anomaly.
01:01Towards the end of the year, a number of economic indicators showed signs of weakening of people's purchasing power.
01:06Just mention the deflation that has been going on for five consecutive months since May 2024.
01:10The Index Manufaktur Indonesia purchasing manager data has also entered the contraction zone since July 2024.
01:16Then why is tourism activity still going on as if there is no weakness in purchasing power?
01:23Director Executive Center of Reform of Economic Indonesia or Core Indonesia, Muhammad Faisal, said that there is a pressure on purchasing power among lower middle class communities.
01:33He explained that the consumption that now looks like visiting a tourist destination, watching a concert, and staying in a hotel is more driven by the upper class.
01:43Faisal noted that the number of upper middle class people fell by 10% in 2018 to 2021.
01:49However, after the pandemic period in 2021 to 2023, the number rose by 22%.
01:55This group of people is still able to shop because they still have savings.
01:59The average savings of Rp 100 million to Rp 5 billion only decreased from Rp 443 million to Rp 439 million during the period.
02:09The data is the opposite of the lower middle class.
02:13The average savings of Rp 100 million below shows a downward trend.
02:17From January 2019 to June 2024, the number changed from Rp 3 million to Rp 1.8 million.
02:25Under these conditions, the lower middle class tends to prioritize the consumption of basic needs.
02:31However, this does not mean that they do not shop at all.
02:34After the pandemic period, entertainment and tourism became a way of life.
02:37The lower middle class will certainly choose free tourism or neglect export by bringing food and drinks.
02:44At certain moments, such as Christmas and New Year, Faisal said they tend to shop after saving in the previous months.
02:52The problem is that the upper middle class contributes only 4% to the economy, while the lower middle class accounts for 80%.
03:00Without special efforts from the government, the lower middle class will continue to be stressed this year.
03:07Nextpol CEO Yusuf Wibisono added that the pressure on the lower middle class's ability to shop seems to be from them.
03:14The number of middle class residents is shrinking.
03:16From 56.2 million people in March 2021, it became 52.1 million people in March 2023.
03:23Middle class residents fell to a lower economic class.
03:26The number of middle class residents jumped from 139.2 million people in March 2021 to 147.8 million people in March 2023.
03:36Yusuf said that the pressure on the ability to shop fell, but tourism activities are still the same.
03:40There is only one explanation.
03:42Tourism is a basic need for most people.
03:47Director-Executive of the Segara Institute, Peter Abdullah, estimates that the trend of the decline in the ability to shop is highly dependent on government policies.
03:54However, Indonesia needs more than that.
03:56The key, according to him, is to create jobs.
03:59Consumption can only increase if the people have income.
04:05Some governments reacted to the weakening of the ability to shop among others by cancelling the change in the PPN rate to 12%, which was supposed to take place on January 1, 2025.
04:15Minister of Finance, Sri Mulyani, on Tuesday, December 31, 2024, said that the increase in PPN from 11% to 12% only applies to goods and luxury services.
04:26In addition, the government has a package of economic policies.
04:29One of them is to provide 10 kg of rice per month to the public at a rate of 1.2 to 16 million people.
04:35This assistance is provided for January to February 2025.
04:39The government also provides a 50% electricity tariff discount for the same period for customers with installed electricity power up to 2,200 V.