アナザーストーリーズ 2024年11月18日
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00:00Russia
00:06Russia is now a threat to the world.
00:14But do you know of the incident half a century ago, when Japan was still called the Soviet Union?
00:26In 1976, the MiG-25, a Soviet fighter jet, landed at the Hakodate Airport in Hokkaido.
00:42Why? For what purpose?
00:48The city was in a state of chaos.
00:53He brought an incredible weapon, a fighter jet, and claimed that the Soviet Union was attacking him.
01:01Don't shoot! Don't shoot!
01:03The pilot's name was Viktor Berenko.
01:07He came to Japan seeking asylum from the Soviet Union.
01:11But the incident didn't end there.
01:16There was information that the Soviet Union was planning something to take back the top military secret, the MiG-25.
01:30The local Self-Defense Forces were prepared for a life-threatening mission.
01:37I thought that if I became a guerrilla fighter, I would be able to take back the top military secret.
01:48I always carry a weapon with me. I always carry a combat uniform and a helmet.
01:57Then, he ran into the MiG-25.
02:02He went to see Berenko, who had gone missing.
02:08He said,
02:10When you came flying, you were looking up at the plane, right?
02:13I smiled and said,
02:15I was a little disappointed in America.
02:19The shock that struck Japan, which was in peace.
02:24It was the beginning of a new era.
02:27The story of the incident was about to begin.
02:31The story of the incident was about to begin.
02:49At that time, the wings of the supersonic speed cut through the peace of post-war Japan.
03:02The former Soviet fighter MiG-25 suddenly appeared in Hokkaido and landed at Hakodate Airport.
03:17That day was the turning point of fate.
03:20It was September 6, 1976.
03:25At that time, the U.S. and the Soviet Union were in the midst of the East-West Cold War.
03:38The one who landed was Lieutenant Berenko.
03:42His request was to defect to the United States.
03:47And because of this incident, some people were forced into a tense situation.
03:55The first point of view is...
04:00The 28th Self-Defense Force in Hakodate.
04:07At that time, it is said that some powerful information was brought from the United States.
04:17There is a possibility that the Soviet army will attack to retrieve or destroy the MiG-25.
04:26The operation prepared for it was carried out in secret and was not informed to the people.
04:36Another story of men who faced death in the midst of the East-West Cold War.
04:47Hakodate, Hokkaido.
04:51About half a century ago, there were men who were prepared for this place to become a battlefield.
05:01The stage was the land Self-Defense Force, Hakodate Air Base.
05:08The members of the unit who were in the unit finally began to open their heavy mouths.
05:16They said that the final fighter had landed.
05:22They said that the enemy was an airplane, not a thief.
05:25They said that the weapons had arrived.
05:28If something happens, the company commander will be in the front.
05:31I thought that it was a great determination of the company commander to say such a thing.
05:39The Self-Defense Force in the field prepared for the Soviet army.
05:44The 19 days of the gold leaf.
05:49Japan in 1976, 30 years after the war.
05:55The memory of the war was becoming a distant past.
05:59However, the world was in the age of the Cold War, when the US and the Soviet Union were competing for each other's development competition and competing for their own superiority.
06:16In the midst of that, the incident occurred.
06:19On September 6, at 1.25 pm, the Self-Defense Force confirmed the air-to-air judgment of the unidentified aircraft.
06:32But the air traffic control immediately disappeared from the radar.
06:40Actually, at this time, the air traffic control was in the air.
06:45Actually, at this time, it was flying at a super low altitude of 50 meters from the sea.
06:53At that time, the radar did not reach.
06:59After 13 minutes, the air traffic control disappeared.
07:03Suddenly, it appeared in the sky of Hakodate.
07:07It was the Kuramoto-Susumu-Sanso in Hakodate.
07:17At that time, everyone was surprised and said, where did the fighter jet fly?
07:23I knew that there was a red star on the tail.
07:27At that time, someone who was familiar with the fighter jet said loudly,
07:33the latest fighter jet of the Soviet Union, MiG-25.
07:39After that, MiG-25 landed at Hakodate Airport.
07:46It crossed the runway and stopped at the guard wall.
07:52The pilot's name was Viktor Ivanovich Berenko.
07:57Attention.
07:59As the airport staff approached, Berenko fired a pistol at the sky for intimidation.
08:11At that time, Yoshikazu Okawa, who was in charge of the defense of the joint communication,
08:18remembers the first shock well.
08:23I was relieved to finish my brave work.
08:30Suddenly, I got a call.
08:33It was a shocking story.
08:37A Soviet fighter jet came to Hakodate.
08:42It fired a light machine gun.
08:46Berenko fired a pistol.
08:48At first, I thought it was a warning.
08:52But when I listened to the atmosphere of the police station club at that time,
08:57it seemed that the Soviet Union was attacking.
09:02However, the defense and the Self-Defense Forces could not enter the airport of Hakodate at that time,
09:09so there was no information at all.
09:11A warning line was put up around MIG by the Central Police Station of Hakodate.
09:20The Self-Defense Forces' headquarters was only 4 km away from the airport,
09:27but they couldn't do anything because they didn't have the right to investigate.
09:32I thought it was normal for the J-bombs to come down from the airfield.
09:39It was a fighter jet.
09:41I thought I wouldn't need J-bombs if I wanted to go to Hakodate at a time like this.
09:48On the 7th,
09:50the airspace around the airport was filled with mysterious fighter jets.
09:57The aircraft began to take off.
10:00Are you ready?
10:02I'm going to take off.
10:04Smile a little.
10:09The embassies in Japan also looked at the aircraft.
10:17Some of them looked like Russians.
10:23What are you doing here today?
10:28I'm here for an investigation.
10:30If there's anything wrong, I'll look into it.
10:35Look into the MIG?
10:37Yes.
10:42On September 9,
10:44Berenko's asylum request was accepted by the United States,
10:49and he left Japan in a blink of an eye.
10:54At that time, it wasn't an American military plane,
10:59but a civilian plane that flew from Haneda to the United States.
11:03He was wearing glasses, sunglasses, and a hat.
11:07But in fact, there were two or three more people.
11:11I was very nervous.
11:19But the biggest problem was how to deal with the military secrecy of the MIG-25,
11:25which was surrounded by Beren.
11:31It was two days after landing that the situation became tense.
11:38High-level information from the U.S. military
11:44was brought to the Defense Agency in secret.
11:52At that time, Yahiro Okoda,
11:56who was involved in the incident as the director of the Ground Self-Defense Force,
12:00wrote down the details.
12:02In order to retrieve or destroy the MIG-25 fighter jet,
12:08the Soviet guerrilla forces
12:12began to infiltrate Japan.
12:17The possibility of Soviet invasion
12:21was immediately communicated to the Self-Defense Force.
12:25According to Okoda, the director of the Ground Self-Defense Force
12:29asked for an order to launch a defense operation
12:33in case of a threat to the Defense Agency.
12:43But the Self-Defense Force violated the constitution,
12:47and it was not allowed to enter Japan.
12:51At that time, there was little public opinion
12:55that the Self-Defense Force violated the constitution.
12:59The government didn't even consider launching a defense operation.
13:07On the other hand,
13:10tension was rising in the 28th Infantry Regiment of the Hakodate.
13:15Everyone thought that there would be some action
13:19in order to overthrow the government.
13:24I thought that something was going to happen
13:28because a fighter jet was coming in.
13:34In fact, at that time,
13:37North Japan was assumed to be the front line of the Far East.
13:41The Ground Self-Defense Force
13:43had gathered about one-third of the troops in Hokkaido.
13:52The Self-Defense Force was supervised by Tsugaru Kaikyo
13:56by receiving confidential information about the MiG attack.
14:02The Air Self-Defense Force put all the fighters in the north
14:07in a close combat position.
14:13In the interior of the Ground Self-Defense Force,
14:17while the Prime Minister did not issue an order to launch a defense operation,
14:22the ground forces agreed to prepare for the worst possible attack.
14:32The 28th Infantry Regiment of the Hakodate,
14:36Takahashi Eiji,
14:38set up a third type of emergency operations
14:42that took 24 hours of armed combat on the ground.
14:49It took three weeks to prepare for the attack.
14:53We were told to get ready.
14:56We took out our guns and handed them over to them.
14:59There was no desire to enter the country.
15:02We could not go to New York at all.
15:04At that time, my wife had just given birth,
15:10so I sent her to my parents' home.
15:17At that time, I was not able to talk to anyone,
15:24so I did not go to my wife at all.
15:28If the enemy attacked you,
15:32you had no choice but to defend yourself
15:36or evacuate to a safe place.
15:41The decision and action when the incident occurred
15:45were entrusted to the Hakodate ground forces.
15:49The Japanese government was in a very difficult position.
15:54I think the Japanese government was in a very difficult position.
15:59As a defense minister,
16:02I think the situation of the war was unthinkable.
16:07But as a government,
16:10I think it was natural for me to prepare for the situation
16:14and take measures to deal with it.
16:18I think it was my responsibility.
16:22On September 10, four days after the incident,
16:27497 members of the unit were gathered for action,
16:32and Commander Takahashi held a military exercise.
16:38The unit was the best case scenario.
16:42For the sake of the country, the people,
16:45and the existence of the Self-Defense Force,
16:47there is no other way but to fight as a unit.
16:52I always fight in the battle.
16:57Who will fight if we don't fight?
17:03I had some doubts until now,
17:07but the words of Commander Ren
17:11told me to follow him after the battle.
17:14I decided to follow him.
17:24The next day,
17:26the 28th Company was in a state of tension.
17:32At 3 p.m.,
17:35the radar of the latest artillery
17:38that was being transported to the camp
17:41detected an unidentified aircraft.
17:45There was a lot of silence in the middle of the battle.
17:49I thought,
17:51finally they came.
17:53The company commander was lined up in a tank.
17:57He was opening the hatch,
18:00but his hands were shaking.
18:03He couldn't get the key into the hatch.
18:06He was so nervous.
18:09But just before the sortie,
18:12he found out that the unidentified aircraft
18:15was a Self-Defense Force transport aircraft.
18:19It was a five-person operation,
18:22but at this time,
18:25all the units were ready to fight.
18:28At 6 p.m. that day,
18:31the company commander again
18:34ordered to continue the emergency mission.
18:38At this time,
18:39there was a company commander
18:42who gave a very sharp opinion.
18:46I followed the order
18:49and led my subordinates to the airport.
18:52It was a real-life battle.
18:55My subordinates would be killed.
18:59In order not to let my subordinates die,
19:02I needed an appropriate order.
19:04I needed an appropriate order.
19:07It was a necessary basis
19:10for the order to launch a defense by a document.
19:15He gave an opinion
19:18that it was okay to move without a document order.
19:21I thought it was right
19:24for the company commander to say that.
19:28Without a document order,
19:30the 24-hour pre-war preparation
19:33took two weeks.
19:37At 2 a.m. or 3 p.m.,
19:40I went to the classroom.
19:43I saw a company commander
19:46who had been in the army for two or three years
19:49wearing a combat uniform
19:52and holding a gun like this.
19:55I saw two people lined up like this.
19:57When I saw them,
20:00I thought,
20:03there's no way to kill them.
20:09Meanwhile,
20:12the situation was moving.
20:15The US military and the Self-Defense Force
20:18decided to conduct a joint investigation
20:21on the MiG aircraft
20:24and move it to the Ibaraki Self-Defense Force base.
20:27It was September 24th,
20:30the 19th day after the MiG was launched.
20:39The disassembled MiG
20:42was loaded into an American transport plane
20:45and took off for the launch.
20:52I saw that scene.
20:54I was on the 4th floor of the company building.
20:57At that moment,
21:00someone shouted,
21:03a group of 14 or 15 people
21:06shouted,
21:09and said,
21:12the mission was successfully completed.
21:15I was so nervous
21:18that I couldn't speak.
21:21The long 19-day mission
21:24of the 28th Self-Defense Force
21:27was over.
21:34The Self-Defense Force
21:37only recorded this mission
21:40as a security training
21:43at the Hakodate Chutonji.
21:47The Self-Defense Force
21:50members
21:53are thinking now.
21:56About the MiG,
21:59I want them to be trained
22:02at least once a year.
22:05I want them to know
22:08that this happened.
22:11I want them to know
22:14how they felt
22:17when they heard
22:20that the MiG-25
22:23had been on the ground
22:26for 10 days.
22:31The MiG-25 incident
22:34brought chaos to Japan.
22:39After that,
22:42Berenko was swallowed up
22:45by the American ambitions
22:47of the Japanese.
22:54The landing of the MiG-25
22:57and the American invasion of Berenko.
23:01The second point of view.
23:07The American men knew
23:10the information war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
23:13At that time,
23:15the U.S. and the Soviet Union
23:18were engaged in illegal activities
23:21and were evacuated from the world.
23:24The U.S. took this incident
23:27as a great opportunity
23:30to bring change to the international evaluation.
23:33Another story
23:36about the invasion of Berenko
23:39and the back story of the Cold War.
23:42There is a man who heard
23:45that Berenko wanted to invade the U.S.
23:48and started working for the Japanese government
23:51as soon as possible.
23:55Steven Steiner.
24:00Under the direction of Secretary Kissinger,
24:03he worked for the U.S. Department of State
24:06on a team that monitored the world situation for 24 hours.
24:12The Soviets claimed
24:15that Berenko was kidnapped
24:18and held in custody.
24:21They put a lot of false propaganda
24:24against Japan.
24:27But we cooperated with Japan
24:30to erase the lies
24:33and calm the situation down.
24:36In addition,
24:38the information war specialist
24:41talked about the impact
24:44of the Berenko invasion on the U.S.
24:47The information war
24:50was a critical part of the Cold War
24:53so the value of Berenko was enormous.
24:56That was because he gave a big push
24:59to the Soviet propaganda machine.
25:01What is the U.S. plan
25:04to invade the U.S.?
25:07MiG-25 landed at Hakodate Airport
25:10on September 6th.
25:1345 minutes later,
25:16the U.S. Defense Ministry
25:19and the CIA were connected.
25:22The U.S. Defense Ministry
25:25and the CIA were connected.
25:28The U.S. Defense Ministry
25:31sent information to the CIA
25:34known as NOI-1.
25:37This information was about
25:40the American holiday, Labor Day.
25:44Steiner, who was keeping watch
25:47from the night before,
25:50heard the information from NOI-1
25:53and contacted his superior.
25:58Usually,
26:01No one was happy to be woken up by a phone call at 3 or 4 a.m. on a holiday.
26:10However, when I said that I had obtained the MiG-25,
26:18my bosses rushed over the next morning.
26:24They were very excited.
26:28Steiner immediately started working with the Japanese officials.
26:36I first emphasized that I had to confirm the pilot's intentions.
26:43I told the Japanese side that if they wanted to protect the U.S. and invade the U.S.,
26:49they had to take care of the pilot's safety.
26:57Berenko, who was interrogated in Japan,
27:01stated that his goal was to invade the U.S.
27:06Steiner told the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo that he would cooperate with the Japanese government
27:13and immediately accept the invasion.
27:17There was a bitter lesson behind his quick actions.
27:24There was a terrible incident in 1970.
27:29A Soviet soldier jumped on a small ship of the U.S. Coast Guard
27:36and asked for asylum.
27:39However, a Soviet colleague, who was about to return the asylum seeker,
27:45came on board, hit the soldier, and forcibly took him away.
27:49The soldier was sent back to the forced labor camp.
27:55I thought it was shameful for us, who were proud of our democracy,
28:01to do such a thing again.
28:06The Soviet invasion happened again.
28:12The U.S. took it as a great opportunity.
28:16The first thing they learned was the performance of the MiG-25.
28:27Although it was the fastest in the world,
28:30they realized that it was nothing to be afraid of.
28:36Above all, the aircraft was much heavier than those of other countries.
28:42Shunji Taoka, a reporter for the Asahi Newspaper at the time,
28:48was surprised by something.
28:52I looked it up, and it was interesting.
28:56The red rust was visible.
28:59I think it was made of stainless steel.
29:05I didn't know it was stainless steel,
29:08but I heard that red rust was floating.
29:12I didn't know it was stainless steel.
29:16I thought it was a mistake.
29:23The fact that it was made of heavy steel, not the latest material,
29:29became a clue to learn about the insides of the Soviet Union.
29:33But this incident had another great meaning for the U.S.
29:41Kevin Ryle, a spy expert,
29:45learned about the backstage of the incident.
29:50There is no other country in the world
29:55that praises its own spies as much as the Soviet Union.
29:59Look at this commemorative plaque.
30:03This is Morris and Rona Cohen,
30:07who were political activists in the U.K.
30:12Richard Sorge was a secret agent in Japan during World War II.
30:19Ryle was in a critical situation in the U.S.
30:24When he arrived in Japan,
30:27he pointed out the critical situation the U.S. was in.
30:32Just about the time that Berenko was arrested,
30:36the U.S. intelligence community was under severe scrutiny.
30:41For some things in the last few decades,
30:45they tried to assassinate foreign leaders,
30:49or were being investigated by the U.S. Senate.
30:52This was because of the announcement of a report.
30:56There was a suspicion that CIA was involved
31:01in foreign coup d'état and illegal activities.
31:08The head of the CIA department was given a poison
31:13that killed people instantly.
31:17As a result, there was a lot of debate
31:21within the U.S. and abroad.
31:25As a result, the U.S. was in a critical position
31:29in the information war that the Soviet Union had started.
31:34In Africa,
31:37it was whispered that the U.S. was involved
31:41in the assassination of a leader of a socialist group.
31:44In Chile,
31:47it was said that the CIA supported the military coup d'état
31:51that defeated the socialist regime.
31:55It became clear that the Chilean military regime
31:59had purged many anti-war activists and students.
32:06Berenko's acceptance
32:08gave him the power to wipe out the U.S. bad reputation.
32:17Because Berenko himself was involved,
32:21the U.S. was able to stand out in the information war.
32:26The CIA, known as the world's villain,
32:30was able to appeal to the Soviet Union
32:34that it wasn't so bad.
32:36Berenko's case is one of the important examples
32:40of how the CIA contributed greatly
32:44to the security of the U.S.
32:51Berenko's rebellion
32:54led the U.S. to appeal to the world
32:58that it was the leader of the West
33:01who had human rights.
33:06Lyle said that
33:09one of the most impressive words of Berenko was...
33:15The words he said when he came to America
33:19were very convincing.
33:22I was not kidnapped and brought to America.
33:26This was my own choice.
33:36A man who broke through the cold war
33:40that divided the world.
33:43He was a Soviet elite soldier,
33:46Viktor Ivanovich Berenko.
33:50This is his third viewpoint.
33:56Berenko despised equality
33:59in a socialist country,
34:02but he also despised the system
34:04where people were forced to concentrate
34:07and sought freedom.
34:10However, after he defected to the U.S.,
34:14he was troubled and confused
34:17about the freedom he sought.
34:21Another story of a man who abandoned his country
34:25and his struggle for freedom.
34:29September, 1976
34:32On that day in September 1976,
34:35a man wrote a novel
34:38about the day when Berenko came to Hakodate.
34:45He is now living in France.
34:48His name is Hitonari Tsuji,
34:51a writer from Akutagawa.
34:54He wrote about a high school student
34:56who became a model for Berenko.
34:59He met Berenko
35:02and set off on a journey for freedom.
35:07He was supposed to be a successful man
35:10in society,
35:13but what kind of freedom did he want
35:16to get by giving up everything?
35:19I was very interested in that.
35:21He was very interested in that.
35:24I was interested in the difference
35:27between the freedom we were born with
35:30and the freedom we were born with.
35:33I was very interested in
35:36what was hidden in that freedom.
35:43What was the freedom
35:46that Berenko sought?
35:52Tsuji met Mig-25
35:55when he was 16
35:58when he was attending high school in Hakodate.
36:02The window glass in the classroom
36:05was shaking violently
36:08with a loud explosion.
36:11I thought he was attacking me.
36:14When I got home,
36:17I found out that Berenko had escaped.
36:21Tsuji, who has never forgotten
36:24what happened to him
36:27after he became a writer,
36:30visits his home in San Diego
36:3321 years after Berenko's escape.
36:36He asked me,
36:39what did you do?
36:42I said, I was looking up at the plane
36:45when you were flying.
36:48He smiled and laughed.
36:51That was my impression of him.
36:54After that,
36:57Tsuji summarized Berenko's interview
37:00in one book.
37:03He wrote down
37:06the most impressive words of Berenko.
37:09The most difficult thing
37:12I had to go through
37:15while assimilating into the American people
37:18was the freedom of choice.
37:22Berenko was born in a village
37:25in the southwestern part of the Soviet Union.
37:28He was only two years old
37:31when his parents divorced.
37:34He was raised in an orphanage
37:37where he never wore shoes
37:40until the age of six.
37:43He graduated from school
37:46with excellent grades
37:48and became a military pilot.
37:51He was seen as an elite
37:54by the public,
37:57but in reality,
38:00he was a terrible man.
38:03In a book written by an American journalist
38:06who interviewed Berenko,
38:09he wrote about his feelings
38:12when he became a refugee.
38:15I have seen an orphanage
38:18in Korhoz,
38:21but it is better than our army.
38:24Even pigs eat
38:27better food than our soldiers.
38:31And then he made a decision.
38:35I cannot live
38:38under this system.
38:41There is no freedom of choice
38:44in the world.
38:47All right, let's do it.
38:50Let's hurt this system as much as possible.
38:55Berenko crossed the border
38:58with determination
39:01from a base near Vladivostok.
39:05In fact,
39:08it was extremely difficult
39:11for people to leave the country
39:14because they needed
39:17a special visa
39:20to leave the country.
39:23It was impossible
39:26to give a visa
39:29to a person who was
39:32especially reluctant
39:35to the state.
39:38It was impossible
39:41to give a visa
39:44to a person
39:47who lost his job
39:50or lost his phone line
39:53and could not make
39:56international calls.
39:59He was arrested
40:02or sent to Siberia.
40:05When it comes to MiG,
40:08talk to me.
40:14Berenko cooperated with the military
40:17and the CIA for several years
40:20after his escape.
40:23Then he was given
40:26American citizenship.
40:29President Reagan
40:32sent him a letter of appreciation.
40:35He married an American woman
40:38and worked as a business man
40:41as well as a flight consultant.
40:44However,
40:47he got sick
40:50and divorced his wife.
40:53For the past 10 years,
40:56he has been living alone
40:59with his friends.
41:01He wanted to escape
41:04from the United States
41:07by himself.
41:10He wanted to speak Russian
41:13in a bar
41:15in his hometown
41:18where his family and ancestors lived.
41:21When I met him,
41:24he was already dead.
41:27He was already dead.
41:29He already knew
41:32how the world works.
41:35At first,
41:38he was popular
41:41because he was well-informed.
41:44But he started to lose contact with people
41:47and was forced to live
41:50in the corner of the city.
41:53I told him that freedom
41:56was not easy.
41:59I told him that he could live
42:02as long as he wanted.
42:05I told him that freedom
42:08was like a glass ceiling
42:11that was hard to reach.
42:14I told him that
42:17there was a wall
42:20that he could not climb.
42:23He was silent.
42:26He knew that
42:29the people who were born and raised
42:32in the Soviet Union
42:35did not know what freedom was.
42:38Many of these people
42:41get confused
42:44by American freedom.
42:47Because they had to make their own decisions,
42:50find a place to work,
42:53and get insurance.
42:56It was not easy.
42:59Many Soviet people
43:02did not know
43:05how much freedom was allowed.
43:08They were taught
43:11that they just had to follow the system.
43:14Tsuji is now
43:17thinking about Berenko
43:20before the Russian invasion of Ukraine
43:23and the various crises in the world.
43:25He is now on the battlefield.
43:28Some people in Africa
43:31and Europe are in crisis.
43:34It is time to think about
43:37the freedom of individuals
43:40and the happiness of children.
43:43I think that Berenko
43:46was the first person
43:49to think about it.
43:52If he had stayed there,
43:55he would have been an adventurer,
43:58a rebel,
44:01and a challenger.
44:04Looking back at his life
44:07over the years,
44:10I think it was a good thing.
44:13The elite pilot
44:16who pursued freedom
44:19and eventually lost it.
44:22Individuals who are tormented
44:25by the conflict between countries.
44:29Half a century has passed
44:32since the MiG-25 incident.
44:37However,
44:40we may still be in the midst of it.
44:42It's not over yet.