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00:00:00Here's something cool that scientists have discovered recently, Schrodinger's Black
00:00:05Holes.
00:00:06Yep, the scariest objects in our universe turned out to be even more terrifying.
00:00:11Now we know that they can also exist in many states at once.
00:00:16But what does it mean?
00:00:17Let's find out.
00:00:21Black holes are mysterious titans of our universe.
00:00:25Sometimes it feels like the more we learn about them, the less we know.
00:00:29We discovered them quite recently, in the 20th century.
00:00:33And since then, we've been finding various black holes all over the universe.
00:00:39Their sizes range from the size of a small town to horrifyingly unimaginable.
00:00:44But their most important feature is probably their huge mass.
00:00:48And that's where a recent study comes to play.
00:00:52Scientists have discovered that black holes have very unusual quantum properties.
00:00:57They found out that each black hole can be both large and small, light and heavy, no
00:01:03longer living and alive.
00:01:05Well, maybe except for the last part.
00:01:07Let's hope that there aren't actually any living black holes.
00:01:11That would be great.
00:01:13But the main point of the discovery is that each black hole can be in all possible states
00:01:18at the same time.
00:01:20It sounds weird, doesn't it?
00:01:22What is it actually supposed to mean?
00:01:25Well, the ability to be everything at the same time isn't a new concept in science.
00:01:31This is what physicists call a superposition or, to put it simply, a state of uncertainty.
00:01:39Quantum physicists discovered this first in tiny quantum particles.
00:01:43They noticed a very strange thing.
00:01:45As long as we don't observe a particle, it literally exists in all states at the same
00:01:50time.
00:01:52And only when we start interacting with it, for example, looking at it, measuring it,
00:01:57or just doing something, only then does the particle decide what state it should be in.
00:02:05Here's an example of this.
00:02:06Imagine that you have a ball in a box.
00:02:09You don't know what it looks like, and the thing is, as long as it stays in the box,
00:02:13the ball is all colors at the same time.
00:02:17Only when you take it out of the box does it finally choose one color.
00:02:21All this happens instantly, so you don't notice it.
00:02:24For you, the ball has always been blue.
00:02:28Sounds pretty scary, right?
00:02:29And it raises a lot of questions.
00:02:32For example, how do these particles understand that we're observing them?
00:02:36How do they decide which state to be in?
00:02:39And what does our world really look like if we only see what is shown to us?
00:02:45Of course, this discovery caused a huge stir in the scientific community.
00:02:49No wonder.
00:02:50It does sound a bit unusual.
00:02:53That's what physicist Erwin Schrodinger also thought at the beginning of the 20th century.
00:02:58The ideas of quantum theories seemed delusional to him.
00:03:02That's why he decided to challenge them.
00:03:05He conducted a famous experiment.
00:03:07You've probably heard about it, even if you don't know anything about science at all.
00:03:11Yep, the infamous experiment with Schrodinger's cat.
00:03:15So what was the point of the experiment?
00:03:19First of all, we have a box and a cat.
00:03:22In the box, there's a container with toxic gas and a special mechanism.
00:03:27Every hour, there's a 50% chance that this mechanism will either open the gas container
00:03:31or not.
00:03:34If it happens, the poisonous gas will be released and the poor cat won't make it.
00:03:38If this doesn't happen, the cat will remain alive and well.
00:03:41Don't worry, this was a purely hypothetical experiment.
00:03:45No cats were harmed in the process.
00:03:47But let's imagine that we did lock a cat in a box and waited for an hour.
00:03:52It's time to check the result.
00:03:54And here's where we get close to the most interesting part.
00:03:57How do you think this situation would end in our regular world?
00:04:01Well, probably within an hour, the container would either open or not.
00:04:06And that would be the moment sealing the cat's fate.
00:04:08After that, we'd just need to open the lid to find out the answer.
00:04:13But in quantum physics, everything is much stranger.
00:04:17According to it, until we open the box, the cat inside would be both alive and not alive
00:04:24at the same time.
00:04:25In other words, the universe itself doesn't know what to do with this cat.
00:04:30As if the poor animal is on the verge of two worlds inside the box.
00:04:34And when you open the lid, the universe will select a random result of the experiment.
00:04:40So why do we do all this to a poor kitty?
00:04:43Well, initially, Erwin Schrödinger wanted to show how stupid it all sounded.
00:04:48But then, he accidentally proved that quantum physicists were right.
00:04:53The situation turned out to be pretty funny.
00:04:56It went like this.
00:04:57Ha ha ha, these quantum physicists have no idea what they're talking about.
00:05:02According to their logic, the cat in my box should be both alive and not alive at the
00:05:06same time.
00:05:07Wait, hold on.
00:05:08Uh oh.
00:05:09Uh oh, they're right.
00:05:12Schrödinger received the Nobel Prize in 1933, even though it wasn't for this discovery.
00:05:18And in 2022, three more scientists received the Nobel Prize for another discovery in this
00:05:24field.
00:05:26These scientists were Alan Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger.
00:05:31They got it for their experiments that involved entangled quantum states.
00:05:37What does all this tell us?
00:05:39Guess now we'll have to look for explanations in some kind of quantum mechanical magic.
00:05:44Unfortunately, humanity isn't developed well enough to test any of these theories.
00:05:49Yet.
00:05:51But we have many cool assumptions.
00:05:53For example, the theory of parallel universes is one of the attempts to explain this phenomenon.
00:06:00Remember that ball in the box?
00:06:01Basically, according to the theory of the multiverse, there is an infinite number of
00:06:06different realities.
00:06:07So, if you don't know what the ball looks like, it kind of exists in this interdimensional
00:06:13uncertain state.
00:06:15But when you open the box and look at the ball, you get transported to a random reality.
00:06:20For example, to the one where it's blue.
00:06:23It sounds pretty incredible, but still exciting.
00:06:26Alright, but why do we need all this info now?
00:06:31Why is it connected to the recent discovery?
00:06:34You see, scientists thought, if teeny tiny particles in our universe behave like this,
00:06:40then what about some giant space objects?
00:06:45And so, they decided to direct their devices not into the microcosm, but into distant space.
00:06:52American and Israeli theoretical physicist Jacob Bakkenstein was the first to suggest
00:06:57that black holes may have the same weird properties.
00:07:00But this theory had to be tested.
00:07:04The research itself was aimed at finding a connection between quantum particles and
00:07:09black holes.
00:07:10The researchers created a computer structure in which they placed a simulated quantum particle
00:07:16directly outside a giant simulated black hole.
00:07:20And in the end, this analysis showed that, yep, black holes could also exist in several
00:07:27states at once.
00:07:29For example, they can be incredibly massive and at the same time have no mass at all.
00:07:35And each of these mysterious space gates can have several masses at the same time.
00:07:42The modeling showed that these superimposed masses were, in fact, in certain determined
00:07:47bands or ratios, as predicted by Bakkenstein, said the physicist Magdalena Zayk, referring
00:07:54to the study.
00:07:56It's not really clear yet what it all means, and this discovery alone hasn't brought us
00:08:01much closer to understanding how our universe works or what happens inside black holes.
00:08:08We have realized only one thing.
00:08:11Everything around us is much more complicated and more fantastic than we think.
00:08:16Who knows, maybe black holes are portals between these parallel universes.
00:08:21At this stage, it's impossible to disprove this.
00:08:24In other words, the universe has once again shown us that it is stranger and more mysterious
00:08:30and fascinating than we could imagine.
00:08:33Let's hope that in the future, we'll be able to understand at least a bit of what's going
00:08:38on in it.
00:08:40Whether it's something as simple as a button on your jeans or something that's part of
00:08:44a larger moving mechanism, here are 26 secrets to everyday things you probably didn't know
00:08:50about.
00:08:52You use doorknobs every day, so it's right to be concerned about how many germs could
00:08:57be on them.
00:08:58However, they have made doorknobs out of brass partly for that reason.
00:09:03Brass provides an antimicrobial effect, eliminating the microorganisms that were hoping to start
00:09:09a colony on your doorknob.
00:09:11Your pants have that one-fifth pocket that's recognized as the small useless one.
00:09:16Originally, it was there to provide a safe place for your pocket watch, something that
00:09:20was necessary when first implemented in 1901.
00:09:24It then continued to remain for traditional purposes.
00:09:27However, it's still a great place to put your Tic Tacs.
00:09:30You've probably mistaken those little rivets on your jeans as some form of fashion statement,
00:09:36similar to the small pocket.
00:09:38In fact, they're incredibly important.
00:09:40They are there to provide extra support for areas that withstand the most strenuous parts
00:09:45of your clothing, preventing them from embarrassingly falling apart.
00:09:50That little button at the end of your seatbelt seems like it's way out of place.
00:09:54In fact, it's there to ensure your buckle will always remain at the end, so you won't
00:09:59have to awkwardly fiddle with your seatbelt every time you put it on.
00:10:04You're in a new car or a rental, and the gauge tells you the gas is getting low.
00:10:09You don't know which side the fuel cap is on from the inside.
00:10:12It can cause unnecessary effort at the gas station.
00:10:15However, your fuel gauge has an arrow that reminds you which side to fill your gas tank
00:10:20up from.
00:10:22Some models of cars may also have a gas tank hose instead, with the hose pictured on the
00:10:27side that the cap is on.
00:10:30Hiking and walking through snow requires the best kind of footwear.
00:10:34The shoes which are perfect for this also have an extra eyelet for your lace to loop
00:10:39through.
00:10:40Looping your laces through the extra eyelets will give more support for your ankles and
00:10:44feet, and will provide more stability as you walk.
00:10:48But as you walk, blisters are also a concern.
00:10:52The sweat in your shoe creates friction between the feet and the shoe, which then helps create
00:10:58the blisters.
00:10:59Antiperspirant that you use for your armpits will help keep the feet from sweating.
00:11:04Just make sure you use the clear one.
00:11:07Cooking for people is always nice.
00:11:10However, sometimes the guests are late.
00:11:12Yep, we're all guilty of that sometimes, right?
00:11:16The extra drawer under your oven, where you've been keeping all of your spare pots and pans,
00:11:21was actually made to keep your food warm.
00:11:24Great for those who are late to the meal.
00:11:27Ever wondered how long that padlock could possibly last when it's outside, in the rainy
00:11:32weather, keeping your bike safe?
00:11:34It has a little hole at the bottom of it.
00:11:37It's there to drain water to avoid corrosion on the inside.
00:11:41It also serves to provide oil, further prolonging its use.
00:11:46That hole in the elevator door isn't there to check who's inside, so you can avoid sharing
00:11:51a ride with specific people.
00:11:53It's a keyhole, in case it breaks down.
00:11:56Ketchup, sauce bottles, and all other condiments we love all have a stage when it's difficult
00:12:02to get the insides out.
00:12:04You try hitting it, shaking it, and poking things inside to encourage the tasty condiments
00:12:09to come out.
00:12:10Luckily, there is an easier way to do it.
00:12:14The label at the top suggests where to tap the bottle.
00:12:17The sauce will come out easier and smoother, allowing gravity to take the place of frustration.
00:12:24The purpose of wooden coat hangers is to help repel pesky insects and avoid fungal growth
00:12:30that eats away at your clothing.
00:12:33As it's made of cedar wood, it contains oils that have insecticidal and fungicidal properties
00:12:39and were used as far back as the ancient Egyptians, although they used it for other purposes.
00:12:47We've all been trained and tested at the art of typing and know the correct way to use
00:12:51a keyboard.
00:12:53But you may not have noticed that the F and J keys have a small ridge at the bottom.
00:12:58They're there to help you find your correct starting place with your fingers on the keyboard,
00:13:03without having to look down.
00:13:06If you've been lucky enough to get the window seat on the plane, you would have noticed
00:13:10that little hole at the bottom of the window.
00:13:12It helps with the air pressure on the plane.
00:13:15The window itself is made from acrylic and isn't actually glass, which saves it from
00:13:20fogging up so you can see the scenery on your journey.
00:13:24The windows on planes were originally square, however, they would continuously break from
00:13:29the constant changes in pressure.
00:13:31These windows are able to evenly distribute the pressure, ensuring you'll have a pleasant
00:13:36journey without falling out.
00:13:38For all you Nintendo Switch players, those who have tried to taste your cartridges will
00:13:43notice they have a bitter taste.
00:13:45The manufacturers added it intentionally, as the Switch's cartridge size is very small
00:13:51and it might be a hazard for the youngest players that have a tendency to put things
00:13:55in their mouth that they shouldn't.
00:13:58So the bitter taste made from Denatonium Benzoate ensures that they won't be tasted for too
00:14:02long.
00:14:04Cosmetics containers that are filled with products used for your skin have a secret
00:14:09number on them.
00:14:11This is to help inform you how long the product will be usable, ensuring it doesn't cause
00:14:16the reverse effect by damaging your skin instead.
00:14:21Pen lids have a hole at the end of them.
00:14:23It's not there to help your pen breathe and boost performance, but it's there to help
00:14:27you breathe.
00:14:29Just in case while you're sitting in class or at work and you're chewing on your lid
00:14:33and just happen to swallow it, you can be rest assured if it's stuck, the pen makers
00:14:38were thinking of you.
00:14:41When you're traveling by car or any other form of ground transportation and you're trying
00:14:45to drink your favorite pop from a straw, you'll find it quite difficult to do at times.
00:14:50Simply turn the tab on the can around so that your straw easily fits inside, making
00:14:55it easier to drink out of.
00:14:58There are always spare buttons when buying new clothes, along with a little bit of fabric.
00:15:04It's far too small to repair that crutch part that always rips first.
00:15:08The fabric is actually there for you to test how to wash it, so you don't accidentally ruin
00:15:13your brand new clothes.
00:15:15Determining how much pasta you need just for yourself can be difficult to figure out.
00:15:20Your big spaghetti spoon with the big hole on the inside, that looks like it's there
00:15:24to drain water, is actually there so you can put the uncooked pasta inside before cooking,
00:15:30so you know exactly how much you need.
00:15:34New shoes always come with those strange little packets, that's silica gel.
00:15:39The gels are there to reduce the moisture in the air to avoid any fungal growth while
00:15:44the shoes were waiting to be purchased.
00:15:46There's a lot of chemistry involved to get you that silica, and it's very effective,
00:15:51capable of absorbing 50% of the humidity.
00:15:54So make sure you don't throw it away.
00:15:57Next time you need to dry out your electrical devices, it's a lot easier than using rice.
00:16:03It's difficult enough to see at night whilst driving, but it's even worse when the driver
00:16:07behind you shines their high beams.
00:16:10Your rear view mirror has a tab at the bottom.
00:16:13When you press it, it changes the angle.
00:16:15One is for day driving, the other, well, for night time.
00:16:19It'll help in case that one person driving behind you has forgotten to turn off their
00:16:23high beams.
00:16:25Although your screwdriver is ergonomically made for your hand, sometimes you have that
00:16:29one screw that's too hard to loosen up.
00:16:32The handle is also shaped so you can easily fit inside of a ring spanner or wrench, allowing
00:16:38you to apply more force, ensuring that you can remove that troublesome screw.
00:16:43The skirt part on an escalator seems like a good spot to get your foot stuck.
00:16:47But in reality, those long brushes poking out aren't there to give you an extra shine
00:16:52on your shoes, but for safety precautions to minimize the risk of trapping objects between
00:16:57the steps and the side of the escalator.
00:17:01Is the 3D printing revolution here to stay, or is it merely a trend?
00:17:06Well, let's think about this, shall we?
00:17:09Think of 3D printers as sandwiches.
00:17:13Instead of putting layers of food ingredients, put one layer of some substance over another.
00:17:18The printer knows what to do based on a computer-aided design.
00:17:23The 3D printing journey started in the late 1980s.
00:17:26Although different people and companies invested in 3D printing before Charles Hull, he is
00:17:31known as the first one to create a prototype and get the patent.
00:17:36It would've cost you around $300,000 to get a 3D printer back then.
00:17:40Today, you can get an advanced 3D printer for a substantially lower cost – around
00:17:45$1,800.
00:17:46I mean, there are even $49 3D printers available.
00:17:50So the scope is vast.
00:17:52Okay, but how did 3D printing become something common instead of remaining an inaccessible
00:17:58technology?
00:18:00Because the patent entered the public domain in 2009, then more companies were able to
00:18:05create a variety of 3D printers.
00:18:07Ultimately, the technology became more accessible.
00:18:11As the cost of 3D printers declined, the demand increased.
00:18:153D printers were commonplace in homes and businesses already in the 2010s.
00:18:20People became free to create new products on their own without relying on companies.
00:18:25In today's world, 3D printers are used in many cool ways.
00:18:29For instance, scientists make 3D-printed limbs and kidneys.
00:18:34Let's take a closer look at some of the fascinating things made with this tech.
00:18:38It's possible to 3D-print a house.
00:18:41Yeah, these machines can use different substances such as bioplastic, concrete, or clay to build
00:18:47structures.
00:18:48A company named Alquist makes affordable, sustainable, innovative homes using 3D printing
00:18:54technology in rural areas.
00:18:56The houses vary in size from 1,300 to 1,500 square feet.
00:19:00There are single-family, multifamily, mixed-use, and senior living homes.
00:19:06In Germany, the construction of the first-ever, fully-certified 3D-printed house is completed.
00:19:12Another example is from a Chinese company called Winsun.
00:19:16They built a five-story residential apartment building.
00:19:21Scientists can create human biotissues with the help of 3D printers.
00:19:25Now listen up.
00:19:26In one lab, for instance, they made a human ear from the patient's cellular components.
00:19:31So 3D printing is both fascinating scientific progress and the opportunity for people to
00:19:36create cool stuff.
00:19:38Thank you, consumer-friendly 3D printer manufacturers, for opening the gate to accessible 3D printers.
00:19:46Here is a woman who 3D-printed a cast so that she could take a shower while still wearing
00:19:51it.
00:19:52A fun example?
00:19:53A Pokemon ball.
00:19:57This one is the result of a family experiment.
00:19:59They built a life-size droid.
00:20:01Turns out droids are quite big.
00:20:04This person 3D-printed a model of their colon using data extracted from an MRI scan taken
00:20:10before the organ was removed, a gift to their surgeon for saving their life.
00:20:15I'd have loved to see the doctor's face when he opened that box.
00:20:19MRI scan data is quite popular among people.
00:20:23Here's another example.
00:20:24This time it's a brain.
00:20:28Who wants to make a 3D-printed maze?
00:20:31This person started this project by 3D-printing the model after using a plastic called PLA.
00:20:37Then he coated it 10 times with a ceramic material.
00:20:40After that, he went through other processes like melting bronze.
00:20:44In other words, he used 3D-printing to start the maze but made it cooler by using other
00:20:49materials.
00:20:51Welcome to the Uncanny Valley.
00:20:54A South Korean 3D-printing and design service provider has mass-produced several ultra-realistic
00:21:00robots.
00:21:01The humanoids were made for an installation for a local designer eyewear brand.
00:21:06The metatronic artwork is designed to simulate a robotic assembly line at a factory.
00:21:12Researchers in Ireland 3D-printed objects using cheese.
00:21:16They put easy cheese on the printer nozzle and printed cheesy designs with it.
00:21:21Unfortunately, the designs were mostly flat because, you know, cheese isn't the most
00:21:25permanent printing substance.
00:21:28Chocolate, on the other hand, is great for 3D-printing because it can be layered while
00:21:33melted and then easily hardened.
00:21:35There are now several companies that sell 3D-printed chocolate.
00:21:41Another edible printing idea is pizza.
00:21:43A printer was equipped with three nozzles that dispensed liquid dough, tomato sauce,
00:21:48and cheese.
00:21:49In under five minutes, the pizza was ready for baking.
00:21:53Researchers said they could even control how crispy the crust was, thanks to the 3D printer.
00:21:59These are real foods, but how about synthetic food?
00:22:03Are we there yet?
00:22:04NASA has funded an initiative to print food that astronauts could eat in space.
00:22:09Experts say that the food's taste is still not very appealing, but the idea has potential.
00:22:15Imagine what it would be like to start printing food at home.
00:22:20Wearing a 3D-printed bikini is now an option.
00:22:23Textiles are very difficult to print, yet one company made it possible.
00:22:28They made the bikini using a material called nylon 12, which is strong, flexible, and waterproof.
00:22:35The company also prints some shoes.
00:22:38A 3D printer has printed a 3D printer.
00:22:41I mean, the machine didn't print the entire thing at a time, but people have printed all
00:22:46of its individual parts, and then they put all the pieces together.
00:22:52Here is a 3D-printed titanium trail bike that was built in the UK.
00:22:56Imagine a time when you'll put a 3D printer in your garage and print your customized bike.
00:23:03An idea that supports a more sustainable world.
00:23:06You can easily collect rainwater with this small apparatus.
00:23:09The product slots into the drain pipe.
00:23:11It has a small mechanical filter that keeps leaves or dirt from blocking the drain.
00:23:18Now if you like taking pictures, this might be for you.
00:23:22Why not print a camera instead of spending money on it?
00:23:25All you need is a Mamiya press lens.
00:23:27Then you can print out the rest of the pieces and assemble them.
00:23:30You can even find the instruction.
00:23:32You just need to download a PDF file.
00:23:35Then arrange the settings of your printer accordingly.
00:23:39Let's cross the world's first 3D-printed footbridge in Europe.
00:23:43Researchers and engineers at Imperial College London were able to 3D-print this bridge.
00:23:48Using it, pedestrians and cyclists can go to the other side of a canal in Amsterdam.
00:23:53The bridge is almost 40 feet long.
00:23:57The next one is for Game of Thrones fans specifically.
00:24:00A 3D-printed door stopper with the word Hodor.
00:24:04Like in Hold the Door, I guess.
00:24:08This kitten has customized 3D-printed wheels.
00:24:11The purr-fect little setup to help.
00:24:15This is a 3D-printed electric violin.
00:24:18Captain America's shield can also be printed.
00:24:21Because why not?
00:24:24Taking a shower with this 3D-printed T-Rex skull showerhead might probably be interesting.
00:24:31The next one is a Formula One car, but this one is super tiny.
00:24:35What about 3D-printed art?
00:24:37An artist uses 3D-printing to create classical sculptures with a touch of surrealism and
00:24:42some contemporary themes.
00:24:45Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered how to 3D-print solid
00:24:50objects from liquid and light.
00:24:52They used a gooey amount that transformed into a harder matter when it was exposed to
00:24:57a certain amount of light.
00:24:58The scientists used light beams to sculpt figures within the liquid.
00:25:02It's easier to print bendable items with this technique.
00:25:05Plus, the objects printed out this way turned out smoother than other things 3D-printed
00:25:10with the help of traditional methods.
00:25:13So you're having breakfast at home and wave at the passengers of a plane passing by your
00:25:18house.
00:25:19Ah, another one.
00:25:21You live on the 739th floor of XCEDE 4000.
00:25:26It's an entire city contained in one massive skyscraper.
00:25:30It sounds unrealistic right now, but one day, it may become a reality.
00:25:36So let's see what we'd need to make it happen.
00:25:39But first, let's browse through the list of one's tallest constructions on the planet.
00:25:44The Great Pyramid of Giza, originally standing at 481 feet, used to be the tallest structure
00:25:49ever built by humans for over 3,800 years.
00:25:53The Lincoln Cathedral took this title away from the Great Pyramid only in 1311, winning
00:25:58by just one foot.
00:26:01Then the Washington Monument became the new champion.
00:26:04As people were starting to use steel more and more, the Eiffel Tower became the tallest
00:26:09construction in the world.
00:26:11Then followed the Empire State Building.
00:26:13It didn't keep the title for long, with more and more skyscrapers built across the
00:26:18world.
00:26:19Let's fast-forward from here to the current record-holder, the Burj Khalifa.
00:26:23It has 163 floors and stands twice as tall as the Empire State Building and around three
00:26:29times taller than the Eiffel Tower.
00:26:32On a clear day, you can see it from a distance of 60 miles.
00:26:36It takes a whole one minute in a high-speed elevator to get from the ground floor to level
00:26:41124, where one of the observation decks is located.
00:26:45It took 6 years to finish this beauty, which became one of the symbols of Dubai.
00:26:50Speaking of its location, if you've ever tried building something in the sand, you
00:26:54know how hard it is to make the construction stable.
00:26:58The engineers had to drill 192 holes under the 110,000-ton concrete foundation of this
00:27:04massive construction.
00:27:06They also brought millions of tons of sand from Australia.
00:27:10Yes, they brought extra sand to the desert because the local sand gets doughy, almost
00:27:15like snow, in endless dust storms.
00:27:18The Australian sand is less smooth and has turned into a perfect base for the building.
00:27:23Thanks to the friction between concrete and soil, these piles don't move at all, and
00:27:27the foundation remains solid.
00:27:31Now the same architect designed another building that is supposed to become the new record-holder.
00:27:36The Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia is supposed to be almost 600 feet taller than Burj Khalifa.
00:27:43Once finished, the construction, made of 80,000 tons of steel, will host the world's highest
00:27:49observatory.
00:27:50Jeddah Tower will have 59 elevators, and some of them will be double-decker ones.
00:27:55The bottom third of the skyscraper is supposed to be office spaces, the next levels will
00:27:59host a luxury hotel, and the remaining 167 floors will be reserved for apartments.
00:28:06The narrowing silhouette of the building is supposed to help it withstand winds and gravity.
00:28:11The base will definitely be extra wide to make the entire construction stable.
00:28:16Only one-third of the building has been finished so far, and construction has been frozen for
00:28:21an unknown period of time.
00:28:23The reasons for this decision don't have to do with geology or climate.
00:28:28Humans have learned to deal with all kinds of soils and conditions.
00:28:31For example, if we want to build our future skyscraper in a seismically active zone, we'd
00:28:36need to make it flexible.
00:28:39Piles can hold the weight of the building, but the concrete pad would stand on huge springs.
00:28:44During an earthquake, the ground will shake and move from side to side, but the springs
00:28:49will dampen and compensate for the movement, so the building will stay in place.
00:28:56The wind is another problem for skyscrapers.
00:28:59The taller the building, the more the wind's affected.
00:29:02That's why most skyscrapers are built to be able to sway in the wind or have holes
00:29:06to allow the wind to pass through instead of crashing against the building's surface.
00:29:11So in theory, if you have the right materials and enough funding, you can go as tall as
00:29:18you want.
00:29:19All you have to do is expand the base to make your construction stable.
00:29:23Because our planet is spherical in shape, you'd have to stop at some point.
00:29:28Even a base of that size would be enough to hold a skyscraper higher than Mount Everest
00:29:33itself.
00:29:34X-seed 4,000 building would stop halfway in that race, at a height of 45% of the world's
00:29:41tallest peak.
00:29:42Mount Fuji became the inspiration for this design that might actually be built in the
00:29:47Tokyo harbor.
00:29:49It will be a self-contained city in one building, powered mostly by solar energy.
00:29:54This city can become home to up to 1 million people.
00:29:58And these people might not have to leave their huge home, as there will also be offices inside.
00:30:05Engineers will need to work out several issues to make the whole project possible.
00:30:09Since the building will have 800 floors, there will be a huge difference in air pressure
00:30:14between the top and the bottom levels.
00:30:16They'll need to figure out a way to level it out so residents feel comfortable and healthy.
00:30:22Then, just imagine the number of power cables to enable the work of all the gadgets and
00:30:27mechanisms.
00:30:28They plan to replace those with renewable energy generators.
00:30:32The base of the building will have to be about 4 miles in diameter to support its huge weight.
00:30:37It's the same size as the bottom of some mighty mountain.
00:30:41The opening on the top will let some air and natural light flow inside and lighten the
00:30:46load on the foundations.
00:30:48Project 4000 currently holds the title of the largest building that has ever been fully
00:30:52designed but is not on the list of buildings to be completed in the near future.
00:30:58Engineers don't rule out that with new materials and design innovations, it may be technically
00:31:03possible, but it would cost a lot of money.
00:31:08Another ambitious project that is so far just a concept is a 12.4-mile skyscraper.
00:31:15That's 24 Burj Khalifas put on top of each other.
00:31:18Wow.
00:31:19Science fiction author Neil Stephenson, who developed the project, suggested using this
00:31:24skyscraper as a lift-off ground for rockets.
00:31:27The author studied physics before taking up science fiction, so the project could be realistic
00:31:33with the right high-grade steel.
00:31:35Stephenson claimed it would be the cheapest way to launch rockets into space.
00:31:39The engineers would also have to take care of the winds that get pretty intense at a
00:31:44height like this.
00:31:47Speaking of space travel, we might not even need rockets to go up there in the not-too-distant
00:31:52future.
00:31:53The space elevator could take humans up to an altitude of 22,000 miles from the Earth's
00:31:59surface.
00:32:00The idea is actually nearly 150 years old.
00:32:03Both NASA and researchers from different countries agree we're now pretty close to its realization.
00:32:09Some construction companies claim they can build it by 2045.
00:32:13The first big step towards that goal is to test how an elevator would act in space.
00:32:18It will be a unique experiment, and a mini-elevator used in it will be a prototype of the future
00:32:24grand project.
00:32:26Scientists are trying to find the right material to replace the regular cable.
00:32:30It would need to extend for tens of thousands of miles and would be too heavy for the future
00:32:35construction.
00:32:36It looks like an ultra-strong material known as graphene could do the job.
00:32:42Testing and building the elevator fit for space and a cable strong enough to hold it
00:32:46is one side of the story.
00:32:48Another problem is space debris – those pieces of rockets and spacecraft orbiting
00:32:53the Earth that could damage the construction if they run into it.
00:32:58But since many bright minds are working to solve this problem, we can be optimistic about
00:33:02it and expect the first launch several years from now.
00:33:06It will open up a whole new era of space exploration as going up there will become a matter of
00:33:12pushing just one button.
00:33:14Woo-hoo!
00:33:41You can spend a few hours there at the check-in and security check.
00:33:45And only after that can you board the plane.
00:33:47When the plane lands, you need to go through standard airport procedures again and then
00:33:51get to the city.
00:33:53Only after this, your trip is over.
00:33:55It means you use at least three different types of transport.
00:33:58But with Link and Fly from ACCA Technologies, you can get to your destination without any
00:34:03transfers.
00:34:04This is a train the size of an Airbus A320.
00:34:08It's as long as four school buses and can hold about 162 passengers.
00:34:13Since it's a train, it can run on the subway tracks right to the city center.
00:34:17So when you begin a trip, you just need to get to the nearest subway station.
00:34:21Once you're on the train, it takes you to the nearest airport.
00:34:24And there, the fun part begins.
00:34:26The train makes a quick stop to get the wings and jet engines attached.
00:34:30So now, your train has a wingspan as wide as a soccer field.
00:34:34The engines start, the train accelerates and takes off.
00:34:37After the flying train lands, the wings get detached again and you're on your way downtown
00:34:42and your destination with no transfers.
00:34:46Without having to wait for a cab, and again, you can get off at any subway station.
00:34:51Transformer planes that can drive around the city are the distant future.
00:34:54For now, this company is developing a simpler solution to reduce airport overloads.
00:34:59Instead of having a plane parked right next to the gate, passengers will board the plane's
00:35:03fuselage right inside the airport's building.
00:35:07The fuselage will then pull out onto the runway, and the wings with the engines, as
00:35:11well as the cockpit with the pilots, will be attached.
00:35:14Here you go.
00:35:15The plane is ready for takeoff.
00:35:17This system will make boarding and takeoff 30 minutes faster than before.
00:35:21The company plans to make different types of removable fuselages.
00:35:25For short flights, they will have a capacity of about 160 people.
00:35:29There will be double-deck cabins for long-haul and higher-capacity flights.
00:35:33VIP cabins can be customized like a private jet.
00:35:36And if all the seats are removed, the cabin can be used as a cargo plane.
00:35:41Link and Fly has a special safety system in case the cabin separates from the wings during
00:35:45the flight.
00:35:46Three parachutes at the front and three at the back of the cabin will deploy automatically.
00:35:51There are also braking rockets that can help to quickly reduce the speed.
00:35:55This way, the fuselage will descend slowly and safely.
00:35:58A few seconds before touching the ground, the cabin will launch airbags attached to
00:36:02the bottom of the fuselage for the softest possible landing.
00:36:06Another option for traveling faster is the Airbus Pop-Up.
00:36:09It's a kind of taxi that can travel by road and by air.
00:36:13In the future, you can simply order such a cab from your tablet, phone, or even smart
00:36:17glasses and wait for the vehicle to arrive.
00:36:20The car itself consists of a passenger pod half the size of a modern sedan.
00:36:25It can hold two people and has a futuristic design and interface.
00:36:29The second part is the ground module.
00:36:31It's the chassis and wheels for driving on conventional roads.
00:36:34You get into the pod and after that, artificial intelligence does all the work for you.
00:36:39It steers the car safely and takes you to your destination.
00:36:43When you get out of the cab, the pod with the ground module is sent to the nearest charging
00:36:47station.
00:36:48For convenience, charging stations will be located throughout the city, so you won't
00:36:52have to wait long for a cab.
00:36:55But if your destination is far away, a more interesting ride awaits you.
00:36:59Like in the first case, you get into a pod on wheels.
00:37:02The ground module takes you to the nearest take-off site.
00:37:05There, the capsule gets attached to the air module.
00:37:08This thing looks like a giant drone.
00:37:10It hooks the passenger capsule and flies up, separating the pod from the ground module.
00:37:15Now it's a flying cab.
00:37:17You can enjoy the beauty of the city from above.
00:37:19When you land on a special platform, the pod reconnects with the ground module and you
00:37:23proceed to your destination, while the air module charges for the next trip.
00:37:29Rockets might be another revolution in long-distance travel.
00:37:32For now, we use them to fly into space, but in the future, they might completely replace
00:37:36airplanes.
00:37:37Let's say you're going from New York to Shanghai, which is on the other side of the
00:37:42planet.
00:37:43The launching pad of the rocket can be on the water, somewhere in Lower Bay.
00:37:47You board a ferry that will take you to the rocket.
00:37:49Once you reach it, you take your seat along with the other passengers.
00:37:53Countdown.
00:37:54Ignition.
00:37:55The rocket takes off and reaches space.
00:37:57It's now traveling at about 16,800 miles per hour.
00:38:02When in orbit, the launch vehicle undocks from the passenger rocket and heads back to
00:38:06the landing station.
00:38:07There, it will be refueled and prepared for the next launch.
00:38:11At this time, the rocket with the passengers will use its own engine to fly around Earth.
00:38:16It re-enters the atmosphere and lands on a platform on the water, near Shanghai.
00:38:22This flight takes only 39 minutes, compared to the 15 hours a conventional airplane needs.
00:38:28But there's a downside to such trips.
00:38:30A rocket makes a lot more noise, so landing platforms have to be far away from the cities.
00:38:35This will increase travel time.
00:38:38The other problem is g-force.
00:38:40Standing on the ground, you feel 1g.
00:38:42When you take off in a normal airplane, you feel about 1.5g.
00:38:47But when you travel by rocket, the g-force you'll experience will be twice as strong.
00:38:51And if it reaches 5g, you'll pass out.
00:38:55Back to the ground.
00:38:56In 2010, the number of cars in the world exceeded 1 billion.
00:39:00And by 2030, this number is expected to double.
00:39:03So, we need to fight constant traffic jams on the roads.
00:39:06The elevated bus could be a great solution for that.
00:39:09This thing doesn't actually look like a bus.
00:39:12It's two lanes wide and can consist of several cars.
00:39:15Such a bus will be able to carry up to 1,200 passengers at maximum capacity.
00:39:20And it will run on regular roads.
00:39:22You'll need to equip the roads along its route with rails on both sides.
00:39:26The elevated bus itself will move at about 6.5 feet above the road.
00:39:31This is comparable to riding on the second floor of a London double-decker bus.
00:39:35And it won't interfere with traffic on the road.
00:39:38Regular cars will still be able to drive there.
00:39:40The elevated bus will be all-electric and driven by autopilot.
00:39:45Its roof will have a large area entirely covered by solar panels.
00:39:48On cloudy days, it'll be powered directly from the rails.
00:39:52Passenger boarding will take place at special stations located above ground.
00:39:57For emergencies, there will be an inflatable ramp light in the middle of the bus.
00:40:01This way, passengers will be able to leave the bus safely.
00:40:04Some concepts of such a bus even suggest that the racks with the wheels should be able to
00:40:08rise.
00:40:09For example, to bypass an obstacle.
00:40:12If some car breaks down right in the way of the elevated bus, it'll lift one wheel rack,
00:40:17move forward, and lower the wheels back onto the rails.
00:40:20Then it'll do the same with the rear rack.
00:40:22This way, the bus will be able to move around the city at about 37 miles per hour.
00:40:27It's faster than driving in a traffic jam.
00:40:30Another option to avoid traffic is tunnels.
00:40:33You would be able to travel through them in your own car.
00:40:35A hypothetical tunnel system under large cities would have multiple entry points.
00:40:40You'd drive your car onto a special platform, and the platform would then be lowered down.
00:40:45If it would accelerate in the tunnel to 124 miles per hour, you'd be able to get to the
00:40:49other end of the city in just a few minutes.
00:40:52The platform would then lift your car back to the surface, and you'd keep driving to
00:40:55your final destination.
00:40:58Tunnels can also be the future of traveling between cities.
00:41:01First, you'd have to arrive at some sort of a train station.
00:41:04There, you'd board a passenger pod.
00:41:06These pods would hold four to six passengers, then it'd follow the tunnel, dock into a pod
00:41:12cluster, and connect with the transporter capsule.
00:41:15Special pumps would suck the air out of the tunnel, and the transporter capsule would
00:41:19move in an almost complete vacuum.
00:41:21Theoretically, this train would be able to reach speeds that are faster than those of
00:41:25commercial airplanes, and even faster than the speed of sound.
00:41:29So you could get from New York City to Los Angeles in 3.5 hours, compared to six hours
00:41:35by a conventional airplane.
00:41:37After reaching its destination, the transporter capsule would open, and the passenger pods
00:41:41would arrive at the station.
00:41:43In the future, these pods would be able to travel even on conventional roads.
00:41:48So you'd just need to order such a passenger pod to your home, just like a cab.
00:41:53This way, you'd have the opportunity to cross the United States from coast to coast without
00:41:57any transfers.
00:42:11Everyone was in awe when they saw the Tesla Bot up and dancing on stage.
00:42:19The concept of the robot is to help out humans with everyday boring tasks, like buying groceries,
00:42:25cleaning your house, and mowing the lawn.
00:42:27It can also take on some challenging tasks, like fixing your car or preparing a meal.
00:42:32But on the flip side, you won't see it doing all the routine tasks all the time, since
00:42:37it's aware of what it's doing.
00:42:39Tesla cars have some of the best software in the world, with incredible AI technology
00:42:44for navigating and self-driving.
00:42:46Besides their fancy look, they don't emit toxic chemicals like regular cars.
00:42:53They're extremely fast, and can connect to your phone and help you out with many tasks
00:42:57while you're on the road.
00:42:59They build the cars using state-of-the-art technology, and they're very durable.
00:43:03But Tesla is more than a car company.
00:43:06Technically, it's also a software company.
00:43:08The self-driving mechanism takes data from the real world, in real time, and uploads
00:43:13it to their servers.
00:43:14So when many Tesla cars are on the road, they're constantly updating the maps and intelligence
00:43:19for any Tesla out there, to pick up this new info and apply it while self-driving.
00:43:25So if your Tesla is on self-driving mode, and you run over a pothole, it'll save that
00:43:29incident for other Tesla users to warn them about it.
00:43:32The AI is good enough to follow routes and navigate through traffic.
00:43:36It can even sense pedestrians on the sidewalk, or if they're crossing the road without looking.
00:43:41It can also avoid certain obstacles around, and park itself in tight spaces by analyzing
00:43:46its surroundings.
00:43:47So the whole system relies on humans to constantly update it for the AI to grasp what's going
00:43:52on.
00:43:53This is how the Tesla Bot will also operate.
00:43:56It will do daily tasks, and learn from certain mistakes it might make.
00:43:59The robot is equipped with many cameras and sensors to balance itself out while standing
00:44:04on its two feet.
00:44:06Tesla cars are basically just supercomputers on wheels.
00:44:09You could even consider them to be a robot manufacturing company before the announcement
00:44:13of the Tesla Bot.
00:44:14It's almost 6 feet tall, weighs 125 pounds, and has a screen as a face.
00:44:20Anyone can easily outrun it since it can only move at 5 miles per hour.
00:44:24It can carry no more than 45 pounds, but it can deadlift around 150 pounds.
00:44:29So it can easily carry something like a couch without breaking its back.
00:44:33And since the AI relies on learning, it'll undoubtedly be exceptional at doing small
00:44:38tasks that don't require much to get the hang of them.
00:44:41It'll observe what items to take and place in a shopping cart while grocery shopping.
00:44:45It'll probably know what brand of milk you like specifically, and pack the good fruit
00:44:49and veggies.
00:44:51It may even conduct purchases and know how much to spend on a certain budget.
00:44:55And for house chores, it can probably learn how to do the dishes and tidy up without breaking
00:45:00something, or even misplacing some of your things.
00:45:03If you own a Tesla car, then no doubt, the bot will be in the same software ecosystem
00:45:08as all Tesla products.
00:45:10You can get updates from your car using your bot as a personal secretary.
00:45:14Some countries already adopted AI operating systems to handle day-to-day phone calls from
00:45:19people.
00:45:20You can pick up the phone and have a full conversation with an AI agent, capable of
00:45:24helping you solve any issues you have.
00:45:27They can handle thousands of callers without anyone having to wait for hours to be connected
00:45:31to a human agent.
00:45:33They also learn from every single call and compile it into a proper script for them to
00:45:37communicate and help everyone out.
00:45:40Chatbots are just as useful in collecting data from people to help them with their needs.
00:45:45So the Tesla bot can learn what bothers you, or what makes you happy or sad.
00:45:49You might be able to have a morning conversation with it, like talking to a real person.
00:45:54And based on the AI learning systems, it can adapt certain gestures and movements similar
00:45:58to stuff humans do without realizing.
00:46:01Any investor hearing this would take out their wallet and throw so much money trying
00:46:05to make this reality.
00:46:06But there's plenty of loopholes in a humanoid learning robot.
00:46:10They can pose a threat to cybersecurity, since they can have access to all your personalized
00:46:14data and codes for your bank accounts, or other important and delicate things.
00:46:19Some cyber criminals might want to modify the bot in a certain way to make it go faster
00:46:23or lift heavier objects.
00:46:25Giving the robot such strength might backfire and cause harm to anyone nearby, even if the
00:46:30intention is good.
00:46:32The robot might respond in a different way, which will cause many scandals.
00:46:36Since much of Tesla's software relies on human behavior and the environment, fiddling with
00:46:40a robot to your personal needs can spell disaster.
00:46:45Elon Musk himself pictures humans merging with robots in the future, carving a path
00:46:49for our evolutionary descendants.
00:46:51In such a human-robot world, technology will be like the air we breathe.
00:46:56These bots could be the first ones to colonize Mars.
00:46:59After perfecting the bots to respond to humans and even make decisions, these robots can
00:47:04go on non-human expeditions and possibly be the first to land on other planets.
00:47:09SpaceX, which is another company founded by Musk, has been focused on bringing humans
00:47:14to the moon and then from there, sending them to the red planet.
00:47:18These bots can land on the moon without risking the lives of any human, and they'll already
00:47:22have the capability of handling themselves and get straight to work.
00:47:26Some bots could be specialized for certain tasks, like flying the rocket, engineering,
00:47:31or studying the ecosystem on Mars as scientists.
00:47:34Humans already had robot explorers roaming the surface and taking amazing images.
00:47:40But these robots can possibly do more and mimic what it's like for a human to walk on
00:47:44the surface of Mars before anyone lands there.
00:47:47They can record the sensations and send them back to Earth for us to observe and prepare
00:47:52for when humans arrive.
00:47:54They'll begin the construction of buildings for humans to live in and create an ecosystem.
00:47:59And by the time the construction is complete, humans would already be on the way to Mars
00:48:04to start a new life.
00:48:05The bots can walk in the open air and be the physical labor needed to build the foundations.
00:48:10These robots can even take control of imported machinery to excavate the ground.
00:48:16Proper vehicles designed for Mars can do things quicker than what we have at the moment.
00:48:20Technology will be so advanced by then that it may even seem like you're living on Earth.
00:48:25In an assembly line at a factory, the robots themselves aren't designed in human forms
00:48:30to operate the machines and assemble the pieces together.
00:48:33Rather, the robots are built to work on something specific.
00:48:37It wouldn't make sense to build a humanoid robot to drive a car and call it a self-driving
00:48:42car.
00:48:43They built the Tesla cars we know today.
00:48:45Same as having a humanoid robot operate the machines in a factory, the robot arms in the
00:48:49factories can do it perfectly.
00:48:52So the robots that would land on Mars will most likely be designed for certain tasks.
00:48:56A robot that's good at excavating will probably have a bulldozer appeal, but on different
00:49:01scales.
00:49:02Just like the robots that can fly to Mars will be specifically designed for flying.
00:49:06Tesla created a lot of buzz with the announcement of the bot.
00:49:10Even if nothing happens in the future, people are already talking about them and sharing
00:49:14articles and videos of that robot dancing.
00:49:21The year is 2045.
00:49:23You arrive at the airport and get your face scanned with a biometric device that replaces
00:49:28your ID or boarding pass.
00:49:31Friendly robots pick up your luggage and direct you to your gate.
00:49:34You do some duty-free shopping in virtual reality and get in line to board the Flying
00:49:39V.
00:49:42You've picked your favorite seat in the second cabin.
00:49:45In there, you can choose between a staggered seat or a bed, even in economy class.
00:49:51You're walking past the group seat section, where friends and colleagues can spend time
00:49:55together face-to-face and discuss things.
00:49:57You're on a long-haul flight today, so you went for a bed to get all comfy on your way
00:50:02to your destination.
00:50:04With the Flying V, you can't choose to sit over or by the wing because all the passengers
00:50:11sit right in the wings of the plane.
00:50:13The cargo hold and fuel tanks are also in there.
00:50:16The plane looks like an arrowhead, with two wings stretching out behind the cockpit in
00:50:20a V shape.
00:50:22The oval cabin is pressurized and has an aerodynamic design.
00:50:26Everything inside the plane is made as light as possible.
00:50:30Thanks to it, it's more fuel-efficient than other aircraft.
00:50:34The idea of this new revolutionary plane came to a student who was working on his thesis
00:50:39at Berlin's Technical University.
00:50:41It was further developed by the Delft Technical University in the Netherlands and supported
00:50:46by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.
00:50:49They decided to make long-distance flights more sustainable.
00:50:52The Flying V shares many characteristics with the Airbus A350, the most advanced aircraft
00:50:58as of 2021.
00:51:00It can also seat 314 passengers and take up 1,700 square feet of cargo.
00:51:06It's smaller and shorter than the A350, but has the same wingspan of 213 feet, slightly
00:51:13longer than the height of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
00:51:16It means it can fit in the same already existing gates, runways, and hangars at airports worldwide.
00:51:23It has less inflow surface area, which means less resistance.
00:51:27Less resistance means less fuel needed for the same distance, 20% less than the Airbus
00:51:33A350, to be precise.
00:51:35But it gets even better.
00:51:37KLM plans to make it completely emission-free with electrically boosted turbofans.
00:51:43They also believe they could keep manufacturing costs pretty low compared to other unusual
00:51:48and efficient new designs with unique components.
00:51:52Experts tested a 50-pound, 10-foot scale model of the new plane in July 2020.
00:51:58They controlled it remotely, and it successfully took off at a rather low speed, but had a
00:52:03rough landing.
00:52:04It means there's still work to be done to make future flights comfortable for all passengers,
00:52:09including those sitting close to the side of the aircraft.
00:52:13Airbus has spent months testing another unusually shaped plane.
00:52:17It's just 10 feet wide.
00:52:18That's about three-fourths the length of a Volkswagen Beetle.
00:52:22It looks like a flying wedge, and could start a revolution in the aerospace industry, improving
00:52:27environmental performance.
00:52:29They believe the remote-controlled Maverick with a blended wing design has great potential.
00:52:35The fuselage in regular planes is basically useless weight and needs massive wings to
00:52:40stay aloft.
00:52:41With the new design, the whole airframe gives lift.
00:52:45It means the plane can be lighter and smaller, and still carry the same weight.
00:52:50One prospective problem with Maverick could be boarding and leaving the aircraft.
00:52:54The wide central section could slow it down, and passengers in the middle would be far
00:52:58away from emergency exits, in case they need them.
00:53:02At the same time, it would give passengers additional legroom and larger aisles.
00:53:07Another Airbus invention is an XLR plane with a third fuel tank that will travel up to ten
00:53:12hours without the need to refuel, or 5,400 miles without stopping.
00:53:17That's 1,000 miles more than other narrow-body models.
00:53:21Boeing has spent years working on its own revolutionary concept, the Transonic Truss
00:53:26Braced Wing.
00:53:28This plane has folding wings that are 170 feet long, longer than an average commercial
00:53:33plane.
00:53:34It's possible thanks to the truss used in plane construction that supports the extra-long
00:53:39ultra-thin wing.
00:53:41It also makes the plane more aerodynamic, and allows increasing its cruise speed up
00:53:45to some jetliner speed.
00:53:47The new design is going to need 9% less fuel than regular ones.
00:53:51It could even run on battery power for short-range flights, and partially use electric power
00:53:56to get the needed thrust for longer distances.
00:53:59Switching to a gas and electric battery hybrid would help make flying cheaper.
00:54:04A Denver-based startup named Boom is determined to produce the first civilian supersonic jet
00:54:09after the collapse of Concorde almost two decades ago.
00:54:13They're partnering with Rolls-Royce to develop the engines for the future plane.
00:54:17It would fly at twice the speed of sound, but would be slower over land.
00:54:22It would still take passengers from the East Coast to London, or from the West Coast to
00:54:26Asia in half the current time.
00:54:28They promise the fares won't be much higher than regular business class tickets, with
00:54:32an added bonus of oversized windows for all passengers.
00:54:37Boeing designed the biggest twin jet in the world for long-distance international routes,
00:54:41the Boeing 777X.
00:54:44It's meant to carry between 384 and 426 passengers, and will have a unique folding wing.
00:54:50It will bend up at a right angle to fit the wide body into tight docking spaces at airports.
00:54:56The plane will have a wider cabin, dimmable windows, and supersized overhead bins.
00:55:02Some designers and aircraft engineers have been experimenting with plane concepts with
00:55:06no windows at all.
00:55:08One of them is called Ixion, and has cabin walls lined with flexible, high-definition
00:55:13screens projecting 360-degree, real-time video footage of what's going on outside the aircraft.
00:55:20Two cameras mounted on the jet's wings would capture the image.
00:55:23The screens are supposed to be low-voltage and powered by solar panels on the plane's
00:55:28roof.
00:55:29They could also use parallax technology to split the screen and let passengers see different
00:55:33views at the same time.
00:55:35Two strips running along the jet's body would fit the air conditioning and cabin lighting.
00:55:41Windowless private jets of the future could have high-definition screens programmed by
00:55:45passengers using their mobile phones, letting them choose what they want to see on each
00:55:50side of the jet.
00:55:52Removing the windows would reduce the weight of the aircraft and give more flexibility
00:55:56to the jet's interior design.
00:55:58It would also minimize engine noise by insulating the fuselage and also make the aircraft safer
00:56:04without the holes needed to install windows.
00:56:07The only exception would be the conventional window in the cockpit for the pilots.
00:56:12Airbus plans to reimagine the plane's interior with zones for passengers to do different
00:56:17types of activities.
00:56:18An area for business meetings, another one for socializing or playing virtual reality
00:56:23golf and other games.
00:56:25The screens in the social area could be connected to passengers' gadgets, letting them control
00:56:30what's on the screen and give presentations.
00:56:33They could also include a revitalizing zone, where passengers can sit back and chill in
00:56:38a smart seat that will offer various pleasures, from a mechanized massage to aromatherapy.
00:56:45There will also be more planes with individual sleeping cabins, showers and bar areas, and
00:56:50even full-size in-flight spa zones.
00:56:53Airbus is planning to build beds for economy-class passengers and cargo holds.
00:56:58They will be passenger modules of the same size and shape as cargo containers.
00:57:04Airlines will be able to load them aboard for long-haul flights and take them out for
00:57:08shorter flights or when they need extra cargo space.
00:57:11The modules will look somewhat like upscale hostel rooms, with all surfaces in glossy
00:57:16white and curtains for privacy.
00:57:19Economy-class passengers will be able to rent one of the beds for less than the price of
00:57:23a business-class ticket.
00:57:24They'll be able to stay there at all times, except for take-off and landing, or rent a
00:57:29bunk for half of the time on flights of 12 hours or longer.
00:57:33Large aircraft already have bunk beds for crew members downstairs to let them rest on
00:57:38long-haul flights.
00:57:39They could also use cargo holds to host lounges, conference rooms, medical suites, and play
00:57:44zones for the youngest passengers in the future.
00:57:47Swappable modules could replace regular seats.
00:57:51Some airlines are experimenting with a meet-and-seek program.
00:57:54It lets you share your social media profile with other passengers on your flight.
00:57:59You can pick someone to sit next to, based on your professional or personal interests,
00:58:04or just your likes.
00:58:05This option could spread to other carriers in the near future.
00:58:09The year is 2160.
00:58:11The place?
00:58:12The Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Japan.
00:58:15The ocean seems calm, at least the surface does.
00:58:18The ocean floor is cracking right now.
00:58:21Boom!
00:58:22The Earth opens up, magma shoots out.
00:58:25The crack in the ocean floor triggers an earthquake, and a massive amount of energy shoots into
00:58:29the ocean.
00:58:31And now for gravity to get involved.
00:58:33It pulls the water down and makes it move faster and faster.
00:58:37It's a tsunami.
00:58:39A wave as high as a skyscraper plows toward Tokyo at 500 mph.
00:58:45That's millions of tons of water.
00:58:47It would be awesome to take a picture of it, but there's no time to admire the power of
00:58:51nature.
00:58:52The tsunami's about to hit Tokyo Bay.
00:58:55The tsunami smashes ashore and starts attacking the largest structure on the planet, the Tokyo
00:59:00Pyramid Metropolis.
00:59:02It's 6,600 feet tall.
00:59:05That's 5 times the height of the Empire State Building.
00:59:09Imagine if the entire population of Denver, Colorado lived and worked in one building.
00:59:15The Tokyo Pyramid Metropolis, TPM, can handle 750,000 people at a time.
00:59:21Incredibly, the structure withstands the impact, and most of the tsunami's energy seems to
00:59:26have just disappeared.
00:59:28This time, engineering stands up to nature.
00:59:32TPM was built by the Shimizu Corporation, which was founded in 1804.
00:59:38The pyramid is the most stable structure around.
00:59:41If you don't believe me, go to Egypt and see the Great Pyramid of Giza.
00:59:45It's lasted 4,500 years, and it's still going strong.
00:59:50The TPM is built on water and consists of 204 individual pyramids.
00:59:56They look like bunches of grapes stacked on top of each other, 8 tiers in all.
01:00:00Only in this case, each grape is the size of a Vegas casino.
01:00:05The TPM's actually hollow.
01:00:07That's how it defends itself against typhoons and tsunamis.
01:00:11It doesn't meet the wind and waves head-on, but lets all that energy just pass right through
01:00:16it.
01:00:17Robots and autonomous control systems run this place.
01:00:21It runs on solar, wind, and wave energy.
01:00:24The pyramids are connected by passages, all in all, about 85 miles worth.
01:00:30They connect everything and are maintained by AI that always finds you the fastest way
01:00:35to get from Pyramid A to Pyramid B.
01:00:39The TPA is obviously the city of the future, but human tech isn't quite ready for it just
01:00:45yet.
01:00:46Originally, engineers decided to install the pyramid on 36 columns, all dug into the ocean
01:00:52bed.
01:00:53If you built a pyramid that size out of steel and concrete, you'd be looking at 50 million
01:00:58tons of load press in on itself.
01:01:01The TPM would've collapsed under its own weight and imploded into the ocean.
01:01:06They needed something a thousand times lighter than concrete and stronger than steel.
01:01:12So what's this futuristic material?
01:01:15Look at this old guy.
01:01:16It's the first car on the planet with an internal combustion engine.
01:01:20It hit the road in 1885.
01:01:23And this is the first artificial satellite that humans launched into space.
01:01:28It only took an evolutionary blip to go from the first horseless carriage to our first
01:01:33flight into space.
01:01:34That TPM's not looking so ridiculous.
01:01:37Hey, we can do anything!
01:01:39The solution is carbon, and it's everywhere.
01:01:43It's the rod in your pencil, and the diamond in your crown, or ring, or industrial drill.
01:01:49But we don't just need ordinary carbon.
01:01:51We need graphene.
01:01:53It's a type of carbon we can make nanotubes out of.
01:01:56They're thinner than a human hair, but 400 times stronger than steel.
01:02:01And most importantly, they're light.
01:02:04Nanotubes aren't affected by chemicals, oxygen, or water.
01:02:08Perfect for the TPM.
01:02:09That's just a fancy way of saying the thing's not gonna rust.
01:02:13Shimizu has plans for a power station on the Moon, an underwater city, transforming the
01:02:19Sahara Desert into a huge oasis, and much more, but they aren't the only ones changing
01:02:24the planet.
01:02:26The Netherlands is the size of two New Jerseys, and about 30% of it is below sea level.
01:02:32To protect their country from water, the Dutch build dams, lots of them.
01:02:38That's just defense.
01:02:39In 1986, they decided to go on offense and take back some of the land from the sea.
01:02:46The first dam was 19 miles long.
01:02:49It basically turned a bay into a lake.
01:02:52The second dam sealed the deal.
01:02:54After 42 years of work, the Netherlands got itself a whole new province, larger than Los
01:03:00Angeles.
01:03:01Humans have done the same thing all over the world, like in Hong Kong, the Philippines,
01:03:06Italy.
01:03:07Hey, take that, water!
01:03:10What about building stuff on land that's already land?
01:03:14Before NASA's missions to Mars, the most expensive project in history was the construction
01:03:19of the Interstate Highway System in the United States.
01:03:23It took about 35 years to finish.
01:03:26In today's money, it cost about $530 billion.
01:03:30All that cash bought 46,000 miles of road.
01:03:34That's almost two times around the globe.
01:03:37There are over 270 million vehicles in the U.S.
01:03:40More than Japan, Brazil, India, and Germany combined.
01:03:44But in terms of sheer effort, the roads of Rome were way more impressive.
01:03:49Over 2,000 years before the first automobile, the Romans built a huge network of roads,
01:03:5550,000 miles long.
01:03:58They connected Ireland with Egypt, and Turkey with Spain.
01:04:01The roads were pretty safe, and travelers could stay in hotels, dining cafes, or mail
01:04:06a letter at the nearest post office.
01:04:10Only about 30% of the Earth's surface is land.
01:04:13The world's oceans, rivers, and lakes are full of life, and it seemed like a ridiculous
01:04:18task to catalog everything living in there.
01:04:21But 2,700 scientists from 80 countries decided to team up to do it.
01:04:27The cost?
01:04:28$650 million.
01:04:30Those scientists spent 10 years searching for old and new species.
01:04:34It was one of the biggest science projects ever attempted.
01:04:37They even discovered about 6,000 new species of fish, squid, and algae.
01:04:44The Great Wall of China is huge.
01:04:4613,000 miles of walls, natural barriers, and trenches.
01:04:50That's about two times the distance from Alaska to Australia.
01:04:54They built it over a period of 2,000 years, with no trucks, bulldozers, electricity.
01:05:00That's raw people power.
01:05:03Modern China's not exactly dropping the ball.
01:05:06In two years, China used more concrete for construction than the US ever did.
01:05:11I mean ever.
01:05:12Roads, cities, airports – everything there is huge.
01:05:17The Three Gorges Dam is definitely the new Great Wall of China.
01:05:21Over 7,600 feet long and 600 feet high, you're looking at three times more concrete and steel
01:05:27than the Hoover Dam.
01:05:29It's the largest concrete structure in the world and cost about $37 billion.
01:05:34More than a million people had to pack up and move to make way for it.
01:05:40Switzerland has the longest and deepest railway tunnel on the planet.
01:05:44Under the snowy Alps, builders dug 35 miles of tunnels.
01:05:49Every day, 200 freight and passenger trains pass through it.
01:05:53The amount of rock they took out to make the tunnel is about the same as 5 Great Pyramids.
01:05:58The whole thing cost about $12 billion.
01:06:03Egypt's one of the oldest nations on the planet.
01:06:06But now, they're building one of the newest cities.
01:06:08It's gonna be about the size of Singapore and filled with 6 million lucky people.
01:06:13There's gonna be apartments, government buildings, entertainment, even an opera house.
01:06:18Oh, and a park that'll make Central Park look like someone's backyard.
01:06:23When it's finished, it'll be Egypt's new capital.
01:06:27So why bother?
01:06:28Well, by 2050, Cairo's gonna have about 40 million people in it.
01:06:33Looks like they'll need more than one new city.
01:06:37The first flights to the Moon cost about $280 billion in today's money.
01:06:42But SpaceX isn't letting price get in its way.
01:06:45The company plans to build a colony on Mars with a population of 1 million by 2050.
01:06:51They claim that once the program starts, you'll be able to buy a ticket to Mars for as little
01:06:56as $100,000.
01:06:59But the biggest science project ever is definitely the International Space Station.
01:07:04It weighs as much as two Boeing 747s and zooms through space at the speed of 17,500 mph.
01:07:13That pencils out to be 5 miles per second!
01:07:16The station orbits the Earth 16 times per day.
01:07:20And it doesn't come cheap.
01:07:21Luckily, a whole bunch of countries share the bill.
01:07:24But it's definitely the most expensive room service anywhere in the galaxy.
01:07:29It costs $10,000 to deliver a bottle of water from Earth to the space station.
01:07:34Hey, at that price, I think it's important to ask, sparkling or still?
01:07:42There's nothing better than a nice piece of buttered toast for breakfast, if we're
01:07:46not counting hot fudge sundaes.
01:07:48But if you find it harder to spread out cold butter over your toast, here's an idea.
01:07:54Use a cheese grater.
01:07:55Figure out the amount you need and grate the product.
01:07:58The process will also soften the butter, making it easier to spread, and you won't have
01:08:03to melt a too large amount of it in the process.
01:08:06But still, that hot fudge!
01:08:09Dried pasta comes in all sorts of different shapes and sizes for a reason.
01:08:13That's because each type of pasta goes best with a particular sauce.
01:08:18Pasta shells, for example, are perfect with denser and chunkier sauces.
01:08:23Why?
01:08:24Because the sauce gets inside the shells, making it easier to serve and eat the dish.
01:08:28The ribbed outer surface also helps with covering the shells in the sauce.
01:08:34If you ever end up burning your cookies, you can save them with your trusty grater too.
01:08:40Just grate off the blackened parts after carefully taking the cookies from the baking tray.
01:08:45But be careful and wait until the cookies have cooled down.
01:08:49Also, if you ruin their shape a bit, you can always dip them in some melted chocolate.
01:08:54After the chocolate cools down, you'll have perfectly shaped cookies.
01:08:58Although, after it gets past your lips and beyond, does the shape of the cookie actually
01:09:03matter?
01:09:04Just sayin'.
01:09:07If you like adding a lot of ingredients to your sandwiches but don't really appreciate
01:09:11it when the bread gets soggy, there is a way to reduce the amount of moisture.
01:09:16Pick your sliced tomatoes or cucumbers and place them between two paper towels for up
01:09:20to 5 minutes.
01:09:22After that, you can use them.
01:09:24Also, make sure to spread butter, cheese, or sauces like mayo or ketchup onto the bread
01:09:29first.
01:09:30This will help you seal the bread and keep moisture at bay.
01:09:36Some people think that the little white string that you find near an egg yolk needs to be
01:09:40removed before you cook the egg.
01:09:42Well I'm here to tell you that these strands are called chalaza and you don't actually
01:09:46need to get rid of them.
01:09:48They help keep the yolk in place at the egg's center.
01:09:51A chalaza is not going to mess up the consistency or the taste of your food, so removing it
01:09:56is completely up to you.
01:09:59Ever notice that most juice boxes come with two flaps, one on each side?
01:10:04Those are actually handles.
01:10:06Manufacturers design the boxes this way to make it easier for us to hold them.
01:10:10This way, we don't end up squeezing the box, making the juice spill out.
01:10:16Now you don't need to be a baking pro to know that you can use both white and brown
01:10:21sugar in your recipes.
01:10:22But have you ever wondered what the difference between these two is?
01:10:26It turns out that the only thing that sets them apart is that, during production, a small
01:10:32amount of molasses is added to the brown sugar.
01:10:36Molasses is basically a sort of syrup you get when processing sugarcane.
01:10:40It's usually removed during the refining process.
01:10:43That's how white sugar is produced.
01:10:45But if some amount of molasses remains in the final product, we end up with brown sugar,
01:10:50with its specific taste and darker hue.
01:10:53It's a good thing.
01:10:56There are a lot of things you can put in your dishwasher, apart from your dishes.
01:11:00For example, you can clean such things as your silicone oven mitts or the knobs of some
01:11:06kitchen appliances, like your oven or stove.
01:11:09Some kitchen sponges and reusable towels may be safe to clean in the dishwasher as
01:11:13well.
01:11:14Speaking of kitchen cleaning products, there are a lot of things you can do with dish soap,
01:11:20like de-griming your patio furniture.
01:11:22Just add a bit of dish detergent to some warm water and use the solution to wipe down your
01:11:27outdoor furniture with a piece of cloth.
01:11:30Finally, rinse it clean using your garden hose.
01:11:34You can also use dish soap to get rid of greasy stains on your clothes.
01:11:37Be it pasta sauce or salad dressings.
01:11:40Hey, sometimes we miss our mouths!
01:11:43So just apply a little dish detergent to the stain and then rinse with water.
01:11:48Use non-colored soap for lighter clothes.
01:11:50For more difficult stains, let the dish soap sink in for a bit, then throw the piece of
01:11:54clothing in the washer as usual.
01:11:57And think about maybe getting a bib.
01:11:59If none of the methods have helped you organize your closet, and you're still overwhelmed
01:12:04with large piles of clothes, there's a simple way that might be effective.
01:12:09It's called the one-in-one-out rule.
01:12:12That means for every new piece of clothing you buy, you need to get rid of one you already
01:12:17have.
01:12:18That means you'll always be decluttering your space.
01:12:21To make it easier to find something in your closet, good luck!
01:12:25Keep your most-used items at eye level.
01:12:28This way they'll be easier to find and pull out when you're in a hurry.
01:12:32Those items that you tend to use less often, like your evening clothes, for example, can
01:12:36stay on the shelves above or below your eye level.
01:12:40You can make good use of old spice tins.
01:12:43If you glue some powerful magnets to the inside of the tins, they can double as magnetic shelves.
01:12:49You can use them for all sorts of everyday items, like kitchen pliers, ice cream scoops,
01:12:55or even cutlery.
01:12:56You can also place them on any metallic surface, like your refrigerator door.
01:13:01They'll blend in nicely with your kitchen magnets.
01:13:04Hidden in your laundry room, there's a great tool for picking up pet hair.
01:13:09It sometimes works better than lint rollers.
01:13:11Take a dryer sheet and, using some elbow grease, you'll get rid of that dog or cat hair in
01:13:17no time.
01:13:18It works on all sorts of surfaces, but it's especially effective for upholstered furniture.
01:13:24If you don't like it when a door starts squeaking whenever you enter a room, get a bar of soap
01:13:30and rub it straight on the hinges.
01:13:32This will only help for a while, though, but it'll do the trick until you manage to get
01:13:36to a hardware store and, you know, buy some oil.
01:13:41Have you ever noticed that in some elevators, there's a star next to the number of a specific
01:13:46floor?
01:13:47No, it's not to indicate where my office is.
01:13:50It's there to point out where the nearest exit is.
01:13:53And it's not always on the first floor.
01:13:55It's most likely located on the floor closest to the street.
01:14:00Have you ever wondered why stop signs are red?
01:14:03Well, back in the day, they didn't actually have any particular color at all.
01:14:07Before the 1920s, they didn't even have a standardized shade.
01:14:12In 1922, though, someone came up with the octagon.
01:14:16But initially, it was painted yellow.
01:14:18All because the red coloring tended to fade out too quickly because of sun exposure.
01:14:23So yellow turned out to be the best option.
01:14:26It took another 30 years for fade-resistant enamel paint to be invented.
01:14:31We ended up changing the color of the stop sign back to red.
01:14:34After all, it's still the best color if you want something to be easily noticeable.
01:14:40Do you know there's a type of rose that can grow taller than people?
01:14:44According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the tallest rosebush ever found grew in Vienna,
01:14:50Austria.
01:14:51It was a staggering 28.5 feet tall.
01:14:54Yes, it arose to a great height.
01:14:57In the same way we all have unique patterns on our fingerprints, no two tigers have the
01:15:02same set of stripes.
01:15:04It makes it easier for people working with this feline species to distinguish one tiger
01:15:09from another.
01:15:10I'll bet you didn't know the White House has its own flower shop hidden in the basement
01:15:15of the building.
01:15:16It's supposed to provide flower arrangements for all sorts of events that take place there.
01:15:21It's probably no surprise that pizza has become an American staple dish despite its
01:15:27Italian origin.
01:15:29People in the U.S. love it so much that they buy 350 slices of pizza every second in the
01:15:35States.
01:15:36Man, I'm not getting my fair share.
01:15:39To manage the huge demand for this delicious dish, around 17% of all restaurants in the
01:15:44U.S. are pizzerias.
01:15:47Finally, there's a way to make lemon juice without the seeds getting into your beverage.
01:15:52Try cutting the fruit in two and squeezing it with a pair of kitchen tongs.
01:15:57The pointed end of the lemon should be facing down.
01:15:59The juice will flow down, but the seeds will remain inside the lemon.
01:16:04Ooh, lemony.
01:16:06It goes well with pizza.
01:16:16of the iPhone in your pocket.
01:16:18But what if I were to tell you that there were many more hidden uses inside it?
01:16:24Back tap.
01:16:26Have you ever noticed that fancy Apple logo on the back of your iPhone?
01:16:30If you've got a cover on, go ahead and pull it off so you can check it out.
01:16:35Okay, you're now probably thinking, there's nothing secret about this, the obvious brand
01:16:40logo on my iPhone.
01:16:42Sure it might not seem so special, but did you know that it's more than just a handsome
01:16:47decoration?
01:16:48It's also, as a matter of fact, a button.
01:16:52Don't believe me?
01:16:53Give it a try.
01:16:56But before you go tapping at it like you're using your phone backward, you'll need to
01:17:00adjust your settings.
01:17:02There's a reason this handy feature is considered a secret.
01:17:05First, pull up your settings.
01:17:08Tap on accessibility, and then the touch menu, and navigate your way to the very bottom
01:17:13of the list, where you'll find the back tap button.
01:17:17Found it?
01:17:18Great.
01:17:19You can choose the double tap or triple tap option, whichever you prefer.
01:17:24And best of all, you'll have a multitude of options to choose from.
01:17:29You can have your back tap feature take a photo with your camera app, alert Siri, switch
01:17:34apps, and even take a screenshot.
01:17:38That'll make things a lot easier than performing finger gymnastics when you need to take a
01:17:42screenshot.
01:17:44Adjust Siri's pronunciations.
01:17:47Have you ever asked Siri to call a friend?
01:17:50Maybe you've said, Siri, call Hermione, only for Siri to comply with calling Hermione.
01:17:57Okay, you may not have Harry Potter's best friend in your contacts list, but we can all
01:18:03agree it's not the easiest name to pronounce.
01:18:07Siri might be one of the most intelligent digital assistants in the smartphone game,
01:18:12and sometimes a bit of a smarty pants, but iPhone's companion can often struggle to pronounce
01:18:18even the most common names.
01:18:20If this bothers you, then you'd be delighted to hear you can actually correct Siri's pronunciations.
01:18:27The simplest way is to catch Siri in the act and say, that's not how you pronounce.
01:18:33It will prompt Siri to ask for the correct pronunciation for each name, first, middle,
01:18:39and last, or the name of a place if it's not for a person.
01:18:43Once you've given it, Siri will generate some options, and all you have to do is pick the
01:18:48correct one.
01:18:50If your digital best friend is still struggling, it might help to spell it out.
01:18:55Open your contacts, select the person Siri is struggling to pronounce, and choose edit.
01:19:01You can add the correct pronunciation in the notes section using phonetic spelling
01:19:06and click pronunciation spelling to train Siri to get it right.
01:19:11Even a super smart digital assistant needs some help sometimes.
01:19:15Hey Siri, it's leviosa, not leviosar.
01:19:20Measure app.
01:19:22Is a tool kit too clunky to carry around?
01:19:25Or maybe you've forgotten which drawer you placed the measuring tape in.
01:19:29That's okay, iPhone has got some more secrets that will help you out.
01:19:33Did you know that iPhone has a few tools in its arsenal that will serve your carpentry
01:19:37needs?
01:19:39Take the measure app for instance.
01:19:41You no longer need that long, awkward to use floppy tape to get a measurement on your coffee
01:19:46table, bookshelf, or couch.
01:19:50The app uses augmented reality to measure objects around you using your phone's camera.
01:19:56The first thing you'll need to do is move your phone around so the app can analyze the
01:20:01area you intend to measure.
01:20:03You'll eventually find a white circle with a dot in the middle of your screen.
01:20:08From there, it's not so different from an actual measuring tape.
01:20:12Just line up the dot with the corner of the object you want to measure and trace it to
01:20:17where you want the measurement to end.
01:20:19If you're a builder, you might want to stick to the physical tape for more accurate measurement.
01:20:25This option isn't necessarily for the professionals, but the app is excellent for getting a rough
01:20:31estimate.
01:20:32The measure app can also be used as a level.
01:20:36Simply switch over to the level tab in your app and place your phone on the surface where
01:20:41you want to get a reading.
01:20:43When you get a green screen and a zero reading, your surface is nice and level.
01:20:49It's not so different from the compass app's level feature, so you might have had some
01:20:54bad experiences with this feature before.
01:20:57With your new digital toolbox, your iPhone will make you the handiest person in the house.
01:21:03Create custom vibration.
01:21:06We all live pretty fast-paced and busy lives these days, and whether we're at work, in
01:21:12a movie, or at school, more often than not, we have our iPhone set to vibrate.
01:21:18Sure, there are some cool ringtones to choose from, but there aren't many occasions where
01:21:24a sudden tune coming from our pocket wouldn't distract those around us.
01:21:28Or worse yet, it leads to our phone being confiscated by a disgruntled employer or teacher.
01:21:34Luckily, there are plenty of vibration options to choose from.
01:21:38You probably have various ones for different occasions and different contacts.
01:21:43None of those settings quite your jam?
01:21:46Apple has a solution to this, too.
01:21:48Another hidden feature in the iPhone is creating a custom vibration for your alerts.
01:21:54If you want to feel the beat to your favorite song when your best friend calls or texts,
01:21:59or when it's time to wake up in the morning, you create that pattern on your iPhone.
01:22:04Once again, you'll need to go into those handy settings, then in Sound & Haptics, choose
01:22:10the tone you'd like to customize.
01:22:12Tap Vibration.
01:22:14Then Create New Vibration.
01:22:16The next step is to create those sweet vibrations like a soundless DJ by tapping your finger
01:22:22on the screen until you have the silent rhythm you're happy with.
01:22:26Now you've got a vibrate option to your liking.
01:22:31It might even make the early morning wake-up calls just a little more pleasant.
01:22:35Just like the Beach Boys, you'll be picking up good vibrations.
01:22:41Trackpad.
01:22:43With smartphones, we no longer need two hands to use a keyboard.
01:22:47All you need is one good thumb.
01:22:50It can still prove a little tedious sometimes as typos are easy to make, and all your characters
01:22:56can't fit all at once on that crammed keyboard at the bottom of your phone screen.
01:23:01You might be typing out a long body of text, only to realize you left out the R out of
01:23:06the word drive a few sentences back, which might give your friends the wrong idea about
01:23:11what you're doing.
01:23:13It can be a fiddly task to fix it, and it's often easiest to delete the entire word and
01:23:18write it all over again.
01:23:19Or so it may seem.
01:23:21If you're a stickler for good grammar in your text messages, you might want to shift your
01:23:26keyboard into trackpad mode for easier editing.
01:23:29That's right, another hidden gem on your iPhone.
01:23:33It's easy to access, too.
01:23:35All you have to do is hold your finger on the spacebar.
01:23:39All the other keys will gray out, and you'll be able to move the cursor to wherever it
01:23:43needs to go.
01:23:45Then lift your finger off the spacebar to continue typing.
01:23:49Another tedium to writing on that tiny iPhone keyboard is shifting tabs to use numbers and
01:23:54symbols.
01:23:55It may not seem like much, but it's sure to be a little frustrating when you have to jump
01:24:00back and forth multiple times in the same message.
01:24:03However, there is another hidden feature in your iPhone's keyboard that will alleviate
01:24:08this.
01:24:09Hold it down instead of tapping on the numeric 123 tab, and it will bring up the numbers
01:24:15and symbols tab.
01:24:16As long as you're holding it, the tab will remain open to pick your character, and releasing
01:24:21will return you to letters.
01:24:23Soon, you'll be fast enough to write a novel on your smartphone.
01:24:27Did you ever tie a string between two plastic cups so you could talk to your friend from
01:24:31opposite ends of your home?
01:24:34It may have seemed pretty cool at the time, but that plastic cup couldn't tell you the
01:24:38weather or let you send an email, right?
01:24:41Indeed we've come a long way since the string telephone.
01:24:44In fact, can you even imagine life before smartphones?
01:24:48They have become almost like our clothes or the shoes we walk in.
01:24:52It's almost our consistent accessory.
01:24:54Now you know some of these handy secrets, and you'll be an iPhone pro.
01:24:59However, if these secrets aren't for you, there's always the string telephone.
01:25:03At least it won't run out of charge.