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00:00Itty, step back! You should never mess with a scorpion!
00:06Why not?
00:09Let me explain that by answering a stinging question.
00:14What if a deadly scorpion stings you?
00:18Zoom in!
00:20Scorpions are part of the arachnid lineage.
00:25Scorpions are part of the arachnid lineage.
00:31Sharing a family tree with their tick, mite and spider cousins.
00:37With around 2000 species scuttling around the globe.
00:43Scorpions come in all shapes and sizes.
00:47On the tiny side, there's the Typhlocectus Michelli.
00:52Which could easily hide in a 9 mm teaspoon.
00:57On the other end of the spectrum is the mighty Emperor Scorpion.
01:02Stretching up to 21 cm long.
01:06Big enough to need a pretty large shoe to hide under.
01:11But no matter their size, every scorpion has a powerful weapon.
01:17A venomous stinger at the end of their tail.
01:20Their stinger is made up of two parts.
01:24The telson which houses the venom glands.
01:27And their Achilles, a sharp hardened needle.
01:31They use to inject venom into their prey.
01:34Or any foe brave enough to cross their path.
01:38Hence the question arises.
01:41What happens if that foe happens to be a human?
01:46Well, when a scorpion stings.
01:50Its stinger pierces the skin and acts like a syringe.
01:55Injecting venom through a small opening at the tip of the stinger.
02:00The amount of venom depends on the size of the scorpion.
02:04Its species and how threatened it feels.
02:09Once inside the skin, the venom starts spreading quickly.
02:14Scorpion venom is a neurotoxin.
02:17Which means it targets the nervous system.
02:21And disrupts the normal flow of signals between nerves.
02:25Causing them to either fire uncontrollably.
02:29Or stop firing altogether.
02:31This disruption can lead to symptoms like.
02:35Pain, tingling, numbness, muscle spasm.
02:39And in severe cases even paralysis.
02:43As the venom spreads through the surrounding tissues.
02:47And into the blood stream.
02:49Its carried throughout the body.
02:52This is why symptoms can pop up in places.
02:56Far from the original sting site.
02:58The venom can also trigger an increase in heart rate.
03:03As the body reacts to the stress.
03:06In some cases, blood pressure may drop.
03:09Leading to dizziness or fainting.
03:13Fortunately, when the body senses anything unusual.
03:18The immune system kicks into gear.
03:21And sends white blood cells to the sting site.
03:25To attack and neutralize the venom.
03:28This immune response can cause inflammation.
03:33Which is why the area might become red, swollen and warm.
03:39Simultaneously the liver and kidneys.
03:43Also jump into action.
03:45Working to detoxify the venom.
03:48As it circulates through the body.
03:51Over time the body breaks down the venom molecules.
03:54And the symptoms gradually fade.
03:56Luckily, most scorpion stings aren't lethal.
04:00And only cause pain and discomfort.
04:04Which typically resolve within a few hours to a few days.
04:09However, if the sting comes from a highly venomous scorpion.
04:15Like the Indian Red Scorpion, Bark Scorpion or the Death Stalker.
04:21Its important to stay calm at first.
04:23And take a picture of the offender.
04:26Then immediately wash the sting area with soap and water.
04:31After this, apply a cool compress or ice pack.
04:35And keep the affected area raised and still.
04:39To slow the venom speed.
04:41Next without delay, head to the hospital.
04:45Where doctors can look at the picture you provided.
04:49And administer anti-venom.
04:51A special medicine that neutralizes the scorpion's toxins.
04:56With the right care and the right time.
04:59Even the most dangerous stings can be treated effectively.
05:04Trivia time.
05:06Did you know scorpions were around long before the first dinosaurs?
05:11Also, fluorescent chemicals in their hairline layer.
05:15Cause scorpions to glow under ultraviolet light.
05:18Sketching time.
05:21Today's sketch of the day goes to Advaith Akhil.
05:25Hope you learnt something new today.
05:28Until next time, it's me Dr. Binox.
05:31Zooming out.
05:33Ouch!
05:38Scorpions.
05:41Never mind.
05:48Thanks for watching.