Ils ont enfin trouvé de l'eau liquide sur Mars

Sympa

Les scientifiques ont enfin trouvé de l'eau liquide sur Mars, et c'est une grande nouvelle ! Enfoui sous des couches de glace près du pôle sud de la planète, ce lac caché donne de l'espoir que la vie pourrait exister, ou au moins avoir existé, sur la planète rouge. La découverte a été faite en utilisant des données radar provenant d'un orbiteur de Mars, montrant un lac d'environ 12 miles de large. Ce n'est pas exactement comme les lacs sur Terre - il est extrêmement salé, ce qui explique pourquoi il reste liquide aux températures glaciales de Mars. Néanmoins, trouver de l'eau change la donne car l'eau est essentielle à la vie. Qui sait quels autres secrets Mars pourrait cacher ?  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Recently, scientists have made a stupefying discovery that could change the entire course of Mars exploration.

00:07Apparently, there are liquid water oceans on the Red Planet.

00:11So, the future seems promising.

00:14We could use this water to support future missions,

00:17and then even relocate to Mars,

00:20since we would not need to worry about where to get this precious liquid.

00:24Isn't it?

00:26Well, there is a big problem.

00:28These liquid water oceans are inside Mars,

00:31so deeply buried that we are not likely to get there.

00:35At least, this is what a new seismic data analysis

00:39collected by the lander Mars Insight affirms.

00:42Huge reservoirs of liquid water seem to be the best explanation

00:45for some seismic anomalies on the Red Planet.

00:48Thus, all this precious water is out of our reach.

00:52But we have to find it to solve the puzzle

00:54of the aquatic history of our rusty and dusty neighbor.

00:58And the first thing we have to do

01:00is to identify where the water is and how much the planet hides it.

01:05Now, our rovers are on the surface of the Red Planet,

01:09collecting all the available data on the geology of the surface of the planet.

01:14And it becomes more and more obvious that Mars was once covered with water.

01:18Many factors, from Martian soils to the old dry lake beds,

01:22and to the delta, suggest that it was a time when the planet was quite soaked.

01:27Nowadays, there is still a little water on the surface,

01:31and just below the surface of Mars,

01:33but it is in the form of ice and is nothing comparable to what Mars had in the distant past.

01:39To understand how much there could have been on the Red Planet billions of years ago,

01:43we must know where all this water went.

01:46There are two places where the water could have gone,

01:49in space or inside Mars.

01:51Then, it could have been isolated in the form of liquid reservoirs or ice deposits.

01:56Currently, we have no way to measure the amount of water that escaped in the past.

02:01But now, we can finally know more about the viscous center of the Red Planet.

02:06All this thanks to the lander Mars Insight.

02:09It no longer works.

02:10But from November 2018 to December 2022,

02:14it listened to the rumbling and rumbling and monitored the activity under its feet.

02:19The fact is that acoustic waves,

02:21generated by deep seismic activity inside the planet,

02:25can change depending on the composition and density of the material

02:29through which these waves move.

02:32And scientists can get a lot of information by analyzing the behavior of seismic waves.

02:37In this case, they used a model similar to those used to map underground oil deposits

02:43and aquifers on our planet.

02:45Then, with the help of this model,

02:47they analyzed the data collected by Insight on Mars.

02:51They discovered that the best explanation

02:53could be that there was a fractured rock layer

02:56whose cracks were deeply filled with water under the surface of the Red Planet.

03:00This layer could be at a depth of 11 to 19 km.

03:04This is why it would be extremely difficult for future missions to access it.

03:09And yet, the new discovery could help us understand the cycle of Martian water.

03:14Confirming the existence of a large reservoir of liquid water

03:17can give us a glimpse of what the climate on Mars was like before,

03:21or what it could be like one day.

03:23And if Mars had killed a lot of water before,

03:25it could have been habitable in a distant past

03:28and could become so again in the future.

03:30Water is crucial for life as we know it.

03:33Thus, underground water reservoirs on the Red Planet could already be habitable.

03:38Maybe right now, tiny microorganisms,

03:41or even tentacular creatures,

03:43live their lives in the comfort of their underground homes.

03:46On Earth, ultra-deep mines shelter life.

03:49And the bottom of the ocean, with its immense and incredible pressures,

03:53is not without life either.

03:55So far, we have not found any proof of life on Mars.

03:59But for now, it seems that this place has the potential to support life.

04:04Insight data have shown that there is probably not a lot of water ice

04:08in the upper crust of the planet.

04:10At least in the region around the lander.

04:13But if it turns out that there is a rich layer of water

04:15deeper under the surface,

04:17and extending around the entire globe of the planet,

04:20then there would be enough water to fill the beds of the ancient oceans, and even more.

04:25Mars is not the only place outside the Earth

04:28where there is water or where we could one day find water.

04:31Take, for example, the good old Moon.

04:34On the Earth's natural satellite,

04:36you can find water all over the surface.

04:38But it is not the water you imagine, perhaps.

04:40On the Moon, water remains mainly in the form of ice,

04:43and it is distributed unevenly.

04:46For example, the poles of the Moon are regions that never receive sunlight.

04:51This is why they are extremely cold.

04:54So it is not surprising that there is a lot of ice there.

04:57The ice in these areas is also often mixed with the lunar soil

05:01and hides deeply under the surface.

05:04Then there is Encelade,

05:06Saturn's sixth largest moon.

05:08In reality, it is not that big,

05:10only 505 km in diameter.

05:13In other words, this moon is small enough to hold inside Arizona.

05:17Oh, we should try that.

05:19Interesting fact.

05:21When the Cassini space probe arrived at Saturn for the first time,

05:25researchers expected Encelade to be a frozen ball of ice.

05:29But what they saw were ice particles

05:32and water vapors dripping from geysers on the surface of the Moon.

05:36It was clear that there was a massive ocean

05:39between the rocky core of the Moon and its ice shell.

05:42Then there is Jupiter's moon, Europe.

05:46Scientists believe that this world is one of the most promising places in the solar system

05:51when it comes to the search for new forms of life.

05:54This is explained by the fact that Europe has an immense salty ocean of water

05:59with a depth ranging from 64 to 161 km.

06:03And even if it is under a layer of ice that would probably be 16 to 32 km thick,

06:09it is still potentially habitable.

06:12Astronomers believe that water splashes could cause cracks in the ice shell

06:17and release the contents of the Moon's ocean into space.

06:20Temperature, pressure and chemistry are very different in Europe,

06:24and astronomers do not yet know how the ice behaves there.

06:28This is the main reason why they have not yet determined

06:31how deep or how large the water reservoirs are in Europe

06:35and how long they need to thaw.

06:38But among all the places where we could find water in the universe,

06:42the strangest is probably open space.

06:45In 2011, two teams of astronomers discovered a cloud of water floating freely among the stars.

06:51It was the largest and farthest water reservoir ever detected.

06:55So, this massive cloud of water vapor surrounds a black hole.

06:59But not just any black hole.

07:01It is a quasar located 12 billion light-years from Earth.

07:05The conditions around this quasar must be really special to create such an amount of water.

07:10This cloud contains 140 billion times the volume of all the water on Earth.

07:15It is enough to give each person on the planet the equivalent of the water of a whole planet.

07:2020,000 times.

07:22It seems crazy, doesn't it?

07:24But there is something even more incredible.

07:27Astronomers believe that this cloud of water formed only 1.6 billion years

07:32after the creation of the universe itself.

07:35This discovery is yet another sign that water existed everywhere in the universe,

07:39even at its beginning.

07:41But here is the culminating point.

07:43Until this discovery, scientists had never detected water vapor so far in time.

07:48Of course, there is water in our galaxy, the Milky Way.

07:52But most of it is frozen in ice.

07:54This discovery really pushes the limits of what we know about water in the universe.

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