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NewsTranscript
00:00If you live in India, you must have come across Tata Group of Companies products in your day to day life.
00:08If you look at the cars running on the roads, Tata Motors, planes flying in the air, you can see the air of India.
00:16And the iconic Taj Hotel here is famous all over the world, which is owned by Tata Group.
00:22From power to fashion and from tea to salt, Tata Group of Companies reigns everywhere.
00:29There are more than 100 small and big companies all over India that come under Tata Group.
00:34Now here you must be thinking that all this success has come from the courage and vision of Ratan Tata.
00:40Yes, there is their contribution, but this empire that we see today, the keys to its success go back 150 years.
00:48In today's video, we will open this story and find out how a visionary fulfilled his dreams
00:55and made Tata Group a global powerhouse.
00:59Welcome back to Zem TV's videos.
01:02Viewers, Tata Group's products are exported to more than 150 countries,
01:07while Tata Group manages its operations in more than 100 countries.
01:12According to 2024 estimates, Tata Group's capital is $403 billion,
01:18which is Rs. 33,500 billion in Indian currency,
01:22while in Pakistani Rupees, this number is so large that the loan on Pakistan can be paid not once but twice.
01:31Whether it's cars or jewelry, salt or leaves,
01:34Tata Group has established itself in more than 24 products or services from the airline industry to the real estate service.
01:42The beginning of this journey of success was not by Ratan Tata's grandfather,
01:46but by his great-grandfather Jamshedji Tata, who had done it for only Rs. 21,000 156 years ago.
01:53Jamshedji used to trade cotton with his father,
01:57and in 1868, when he was 29 years old, he founded his own trading company.
02:04The cotton he sold was mostly exported,
02:07and some of it was bought from textile mills and sold as cloth.
02:11In this way, Jamshedji got the idea that along with selling cotton, he should also set up a textile mill.
02:17But to set up a mill, a lot of investment was needed,
02:21and it was very risky to invest so much money in a new business.
02:25At that time, an oil mill was going through a lot of loss in Chinchpokli,
02:29and ultimately it went bankrupt.
02:31So he bought that oil mill at a low price and started running it by converting it into a cotton mill.
02:37That mill was named Alexandra.
02:40After two years, he sold the mill that was going into loss for a profit
02:44and saved as much money as a new manufacturing plant.
02:48At that time, Bombay was the home of the cotton market,
02:51which was also called the Cottonopolis of India.
02:54Jamshedji himself was from Bombay,
02:57but despite this, he established his new cotton mill in Nagpur, 770 km away from Bombay.
03:04This new mill was named the Empress Mill,
03:07on which the people of Bombay taunted him for making the mill so far away from the cotton market.
03:13No one understood that when Bombay is the hub of the cotton market,
03:18then why did Jamshedji establish a mill in Nagpur?
03:21But time proved that this decision of Jamshedji was very good.
03:26First is that raw material, i.e. cotton crops, were mostly near Nagpur,
03:31due to which they had no problem with the supply of raw material.
03:36The second reason was water supply.
03:38During the process of making cotton cloth, a lot of water is required,
03:42and Nagpur has many rivers and lakes due to which there was no problem of water supply.
03:48The third reason was the availability of laborers.
03:51As there was a high demand for laborers in cities like Bombay,
03:54there was often a shortage of laborers there.
03:57And due to the high cost of living in the city, their rate was also high there.
04:03But due to the high unemployment in Nagpur, the rates were very low and the availability was high.
04:09Now, because there was no cotton mill in this area before,
04:13the laborers there were not very trained.
04:16They needed a lot of hard work.
04:19Jamshedji saw that the workers did not pay much attention to work.
04:23They took a leave from work and most of the time,
04:27more than 20% of the workers were on leave.
04:31This kept Jamshedji Tata very worried.
04:35But he adopted a method 150 years ago for the solution of this problem,
04:41which is difficult to imagine even in today's modern era.
04:45Instead of scolding the workers and cutting their salaries,
04:49he decided to give them more facilities.
04:52He introduced a scheme in which all the workers of his factory would get pensions after retirement.
04:59Their medical insurance was also done and sports day and family days were also held for their entertainment.
05:06The workers who performed better were also given awards in front of everyone.
05:11That is, all this is understandable in today's era,
05:14but doing this in that era was no less than a dream.
05:18And the funny thing is that this scheme of his also worked.
05:22The workers started feeling valued.
05:24They started working by considering the company as their own company.
05:28Jamshedji believed that to make India strong,
05:31everything had to be manufactured in India.
05:35And with this mission, he kept trying.
05:38He started setting up more companies.
05:41At that time, silk was considered a very premium cloth
05:44and the best silk was imported from France.
05:48French silkworms were known to produce the best silk in the world.
05:54Jamshedji went to France and brought a breed of French silkworms from there to India.
05:59But the problem was that these silkworms only had the ability to produce well in the European climate.
06:05It was very difficult for them to survive in India.
06:08Therefore, he established a silk farm in Bangalore,
06:12where the climate was much better for this special silkworm, but it was not perfect.
06:18In the beginning, he had to face a lot of difficulties,
06:21such as French silkworms often developed diseases.
06:25To fix these problems,
06:27Jamshedji brought the concept of silkworm farming in a controlled environment for the first time.
06:34Fortunately, this experiment worked.
06:37And in this way, Jamshedji made India capable of making the best silk in the form of Tata Silk.
06:43Today, India is one of the largest silk producers in the world.
06:47And all this was possible because of those first experiments, innovations, and research.
06:54At that time, the British East India Company and the French East India Company were in power in India.
06:59Jamshedji targeted the French East India Company
07:03and created a company in Pondicherry in 1885,
07:07whose aim was to introduce only Indian textiles to the French colony.
07:13But this idea did not succeed due to low demand.
07:16In addition to cotton, he wanted to expand his network.
07:20He wanted all the things used in India to be manufactured entirely in India.
07:26He had a total of four dreams.
07:28Iron and steel manufacturing, hotel, education, and hydroelectric plant.
07:33But only the hotel was such a dream that he was able to see it coming true.
07:37And this was the Taj Mahal Hotel, which was completed in 1903.
07:42When the Taj Mahal Hotel was opened for the first time,
07:45it was the first hotel in India to have an electricity connection.
07:49In addition to this, American fans, German elevators, and Turkish baths were also installed in it.
07:55Initially, the rent of the Taj Mahal Hotel rooms was only Rs. 13,
08:00which also included an attached bathroom.
08:02There are many famous stories about the reason behind opening the Taj Mahal Hotel.
08:08It is said that once Mr. Jamshed did not get permission to go to the famous Watson's Hotel in Bombay,
08:13which is also known as Esplanade Mansions today,
08:17because it was built only for the British.
08:20For this reason, he decided to build the Taj Mahal Hotel.
08:24But a writer named Charles Allen called this story a lie
08:28and wrote that Mr. Jamshed could not take such a small thing to his heart.
08:33In fact, he had a lot of attachment to his city Bombay
08:36and he wanted to give a gift to his hometown.
08:40The Taj Mahal Hotel was designed in such a way
08:43that the view of the sea from every room of it should be seen in such a way
08:47that it should be known that the hotel is floating on the sea.
08:51In that era, the British were quickly spreading the railway network throughout British India,
08:56in which thousands of tons of iron were imported from Britain.
09:01Mr. Jamshed's dream was to manufacture steel in India.
09:05Because of this, he started looking for iron reserves to make steel all over India.
09:11This search continued for 17 years and finally iron reserves were found in Bengal.
09:16In 1899, a steel plant was started there,
09:20but unfortunately, it was not in Mr. Jamshed's fate to see steel being made.
09:26Mr. Jamshed died in 1904,
09:29and his son Dorabji Tata had to come to the field to continue his incomplete mission.
09:35Continuing this mission,
09:37the Iron and Steel Company was established in 1907,
09:41which is now known as Tata Steel.
09:44This was Asia's first steel plant,
09:47and in World War I, the British fulfilled the demand for their steels through this plant.
09:53In the leadership of Mr. Dorabji Tata, Tata Group began to progress even faster.
09:58In 1910, India's first hydroelectric company was established in the name of Tata Power,
10:04where electricity began to be generated with the help of natural waterfalls and artificial lakes,
10:10and many large industries began to supply electricity from this power plant.
10:15At that time, because science was progressing all over the world,
10:19and Tata Group did not want to see India lagging behind in any way,
10:23so they laid the foundation of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,
10:27so that the world could be competed in the field of science and research.
10:31And this institute also helped India a lot in making its first computer and first aircraft.
10:38Tata Group itself was not progressing,
10:41but it was bringing such facilities for workers that no other company in the world was adopting.
10:48The shift of workers was limited to 8 hours,
10:51so that they get tired quickly and go home and spend time with their families.
10:56And today, this policy of Tata, which was introduced 100 years ago,
11:01is working all over the world.
11:04Here, Dorabji Tata's life also took a full stop.
11:08He died in 1932, but in these 28 years,
11:12he had blessed Tata Group with steel, power, science, and many other things.
11:17After Dorabji, Tata Group's responsibilities fell into the hands of his family member J.R.D. Tata.
11:24J.R.D. Tata had experience in aviation,
11:27so as soon as he took control, he decided to give India his own airline.
11:33J.R.D. Tata laid the foundation of Tata Airlines, which was no less than a revolution.
11:38India had already got its own airline,
11:41whose first flight was flown by J.R.D. Tata himself as a pilot,
11:45and also earned the honor of being India's first commercial pilot.
11:50But after independence in 1947,
11:53the Indian government took control of many industries in India,
11:58including Tata Airlines,
12:00and its name was changed to Air India.
12:04Now it was the turn of the chemical industry.
12:06J.R.D. Tata felt that there were chemical industries in India,
12:10but they had to import most of the important chemicals from other countries to complete their work.
12:18For example, to make products like glass, soap, and surf,
12:22caustic soda and soda ash were needed.
12:25But these chemicals were not produced in India,
12:28they were imported from other countries.
12:31For this reason, a company named Tata Chemicals was opened in 1939,
12:36which produced all the chemicals for India.
12:39This company helped India grow in fertilizers and other sectors.
12:44After that, once again J.R.D. Tata started a company
12:49that made trucks and engines,
12:52which we know today as Tata Motors.
12:55Tata Motors makes cars, trucks, and other vehicles of many models.
12:59Tata Motors is still a big name in the Indian motor industry,
13:03and cars are also sent from here to South Africa.
13:06After that, in the 1960s, when the world began to move towards computers and technologies,
13:11Tata Group also did not lag behind.
13:13They made India's first software and IT company TCS, i.e. Tata Consultancy Service.
13:20In 1984, J.R.D. Tata felt that people in India drink tea very fondly,
13:26so Tata Group also took steps to meet the demand for tea.
13:31They started a company named Tata Tea,
13:34and that company is still a big name in the tea-making companies of the world.
13:39Along with this, J.R.D. Tata was now old,
13:43so to handle the business command,
13:46he called one of his family members from the USA to India in his lifetime.
13:50This family member was none other than Sir Ratan Tata.
13:54Initially, Ratan Tata was given responsibilities only in Tata Steel,
13:59and he took Tata Steel out of loss and brought it to profit.
14:03J.R.D. Tata was very impressed,
14:05and for this reason, in 1991, he made Ratan Tata the chairman of Tata Group.
14:11Ratan Tata was a man of the modern era,
14:14so he wanted to use technology in everything.
14:18As soon as he became chairman, he thought that Tata Motors has been making cars and trucks,
14:24but even today there is not a single car that has complete manufacturing in India.
14:30That is, some parts had to be imported from abroad.
14:34That's why Tata Motors set up a new car manufacturing plant,
14:38and in 1998, India's first car, Indica, was launched.
14:43TCS, which used to work only on basic data entry and management,
14:47was shifted to software development,
14:50and put it on the list of the leading software companies in the world.
14:54Under Ratan Tata, Tata Group started buying world-famous brands.
15:00Tata acquired the famous tea company Tetley Tea at that time.
15:04Tata Steel acquired Corus Brook,
15:06and Tata Motors acquired big companies like Jaguar and Land Rover.
15:12In 2012, Ratan Tata resigned as chairman of Tata Group due to his aging age,
15:18and made Cyrus Mistry the chairman in his place,
15:21who died in an accident in 2022,
15:25and is now the chairman of Tata Group.
15:29Tata Group is still growing rapidly,
15:32and is playing its role not only in India but also for people all over the world.
15:39This is not the result of a single person's hard work,
15:41but the result of the blood, sweat and tears of many people for 150 years.
15:45We hope you will like and share this video of ZemTV.
15:49Thank you so much for your loving comments.
15:52See you in the next video.