Nipah Virus Outbreak:What You need to know(2024)|Nipah Virus Infections |Nipah Virus Outbreak:What You need to know(2024)|Nipah Virus Infections |
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We explore the current outbreak situation, preventive measures, and the impact on public health. We'll also discuss the efforts by health authorities to control and manage the outbreak, as well as the importance of awareness and preparedness in combating viral infections. Stay informed with the latest updates and expert insights into the Nipah virus and how it affects communities worldwide. Don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe for more informative content on health and infectious diseases. Your health is your wealth! #NipahVirus #NipahVirusOutbreak2024 #InfectiousDiseases #PublicHealth #StayInformed
We explore the current outbreak situation, preventive measures, and the impact on public health. We'll also discuss the efforts by health authorities to control and manage the outbreak, as well as the importance of awareness and preparedness in combating viral infections. Stay informed with the latest updates and expert insights into the Nipah virus and how it affects communities worldwide. Don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe for more informative content on health and infectious diseases. Your health is your wealth! #NipahVirus #NipahVirusOutbreak2024 #InfectiousDiseases #PublicHealth #StayInformed
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LearningTranscript
00:00Nipah virus disease is an infectious zoonotic diseases caused by nipah viruses, NEEV,
00:05which first appeared in domestic pigs in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998 and 1999,
00:11when over 1 million pigs were destroyed to control the disease.
00:15This disease causes respiratory and occasionally nervous signs in susceptible animals such as
00:20pigs and horses and could have devastating zoonotic potential.
00:24There have been NEEV outbreaks in humans and animals in some countries in Asia.
00:29For more recent, detailed information on the occurrence of this disease in animals worldwide,
00:34see World Animal Health Information System Interface.
00:37For more recent, detailed information on the occurrence of this disease in humans,
00:42see the WHO Emergency Dashboard.
00:44Nipah virus disease is an infectious disease which first appeared in domestic pigs in Malaysia
00:50and Singapore in 1998 and 1999.
00:53The name Nipah originated from the name of the village in Malaysia,
00:58where pig farmers became infected one.
01:01The organism which causes Nipah virus disease is an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae,
01:07genus Hennepavirus, and is closely related to Hendra virus that causes
01:11acute respiratory infection of horses and humans.
01:15There is evidence that Nipah virus can infect several species of domestic animals including
01:20pigs, horses, dogs, and cats too.
01:23The disease causes respiratory and occasionally nervous clinical signs in pigs.
01:28In the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore in the 1999s,
01:33humans became infected with NEEV through close contact with infected pigs.
01:38However, since then, most instances of NEEV in humans have either occurred
01:42through contact with other infected individuals or via exposure to infected bats.
01:48Nipah virus infection in humans causes a range of clinical presentations,
01:52from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory signs and fatal encephalitis.
01:58Infection with Nipah virus is listed in the World Organization for Animal Health,
02:03W.I.H., Terrestrial Animal Health Code, and must be notified to W.I.H.
02:08Fruit bats, also known as flying foxes, are natural reservoir hosts of Nipah virus 3.
02:16The virus is present in bat urine and potentially bat feces, saliva, and birthing fluids.
02:22During the outbreaks in 1998 to 1999 in Malaysia,
02:26bats were implicated in the introduction of the virus to pig herds,
02:30potentially through the ingestion of food and water contaminated with bat waste by the pigs.
02:35Within pig farms, infection can spread between pigs through direct contact,
02:40as well as to other pig farms through carriage of the virus on fomites,
02:44carrying the virus on clothing, equipment, boots, vehicles.
02:48Public Health Risk
02:50Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease with a high case fatality rate in humans, 40% to 75%.
02:57In the outbreaks of 1998 to 1999 in Malaysia and Singapore,
03:02transmission to humans has almost always been from direct contact
03:05with the excretions or secretions of infected pigs.
03:09Since then, reports from outbreaks, notably in Bangladesh and India,
03:14suggest transmission from bats without an intermediate host
03:17by consuming food contaminated with bat secretions, for example,
03:20raw palm sap or fruit six and climbing trees contaminated with bat excrement seven.
03:26In 2014, there was a reported outbreak of Neve in humans in the Philippines
03:31that was attributed to direct contact with contaminated fluids
03:34during the slaughter of infected horses and consumption of undercooked meat for.
03:39There have been recent reports of Neve cases in humans
03:42associated with close and prolonged contact with an infected individual.
03:47Therefore, precautions are necessary for people caring for infected patients.
03:52Precautions should also be taken when submitting
03:54and handling laboratory samples from suspected cases,
03:57as well as for those working in close association
04:00with susceptible animals and slaughterhouses from at-risk areas.
04:04Over the past two decades, the epidemiology of Neve infection has evolved.
04:09Recent Neve cases are predominantly associated with human-to-human
04:13and bat-to-human transmission,
04:15with domestic animals playing a lesser role in transmission.
04:18For information about nypavirus disease in humans and measures to prevent infection,
04:23please refer to the World Health Organization.