Les scientifiques tirent la sonnette d'alarme : l'Europe pourrait être frappée par des tsunamis massifs plus tôt que prévu. Des tremblements de terre sous-marins ou des éruptions volcaniques, notamment en Méditerranée, pourraient déclencher ces vagues gigantesques. Bien que l'Europe ne soit pas connue pour des tsunamis fréquents, le risque est réel, et l'histoire montre que cela s'est déjà produit. Les zones côtières pourraient subir des dégâts sérieux, c'est pourquoi les experts insistent sur une meilleure préparation et des systèmes d'alerte précoce. C'est un peu inquiétant, mais rester informé pourrait être la clé pour rester en sécurité. Animation créée par Sympa.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
Category
😹
FunTranscript
00:00A tsunami striking large cities on or near the Mediterranean Sea and in the northeast part of the Atlantic Ocean is not a question of if, but of when.
00:10It is frightening and surrealistic to think that places like Cannes or Barcelona could suddenly be hit by a huge wave.
00:17But the fact is that the European coasts are in active tectonic zones.
00:23Only about 10% of all tsunamis in the world occur in the Mediterranean.
00:28And there have been at least 290 tsunamis in this zone since 1600 B.C.
00:34Despite the relatively small number, this phenomenon has caused many devastating catastrophes throughout the history of Europe.
00:43In 1755, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake whose epicenter was in the west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent
00:51triggered a tsunami that destroyed most of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
00:56About 40 minutes after the earthquake, this massive wave hit the port and the city center, quickly rising the river Tagus.
01:04The phenomenon was so fast that several people on horseback had to gallop to heights to avoid being carried away.
01:10And it was only the beginning of a nightmare, with two other terrifying waves that hit Lisbon just after.
01:16A disaster like this is similar to what we see in the Pacific Ocean several times a century.
01:22But in the Atlantic, it is very rare.
01:24This kind of major tsunami is supposed to occur every 3 to 5 centuries.
01:29But now, it could happen tomorrow.
01:34Marseille in France, Chipiona in Spain and other cities are on the list of important places that could be flooded soon,
01:42with a probability of about 100% of being hit by a tsunami over the next 30 years.
01:48Statistics show that the wave will probably reach more than 1 meter high.
01:52I know, it doesn't seem like much.
01:54Especially since when we think of tsunamis, we imagine terribly high waves, like the one that hit the Bay of Lituya in Alaska.
02:02In this case, the wave was more than 518 meters high.
02:06But we must remember that even waves of only 50 centimeters high can be dangerous for swimmers.
02:13Because it is not only the height of the tsunami that matters, but also the flow and movement of the water.
02:18Not to mention the floods, which can damage beaches, ports and streets.
02:23If the coast has a small port and the seabed is exceptionally low, like in Cannes, this natural disaster could be much more dangerous.
02:31Tsunamis of about 2 meters high can lift cars off the ground,
02:35while smaller waves can create water walls moving at 65 km per hour.
02:41In addition, there are these smaller events that may not destroy everything, but can still cost a fortune.
02:47For example, gigantic sand banks that move on the bottom of the ocean, like sand dunes that move in the desert.
02:55They can damage pipelines or underwater cables for internet and communication.
03:00And it ends up costing millions of dollars to companies and governments.
03:05That's why organizations like UNESCO are worried about the possibility that a dangerous tsunami will soon hit Europe.
03:12They do everything they can to prevent apocalyptic scenarios.
03:16Like what happened in 2004, when an earthquake off the Sumatra coast, Indonesia,
03:22caused waves of more than 30 meters high in coastal communities, resulting in the loss of more than 200,000 lives.
03:29And let's not forget 2011, when an earthquake off the coast of Tohoku, Japan,
03:35triggered a tsunami that reached about 9.6 km inland and caused a serious nuclear accident in an electric power plant along the coast.
03:45More than 16,000 people lost their lives in this tragedy, and the event caused billions of dollars in damage to infrastructure.
03:53These disasters were serious warnings, and we have come a long way since 2004.
03:59We are much safer today, largely because the tsunami warning system is very effective in quickly detecting this dangerous situation.
04:07Unlike many other natural phenomena, a tsunami can be anticipated.
04:13We may only have a few minutes to act, but if we all know what to do,
04:20many lives can be saved.
04:24And in most regions of the world, sirens are commonly used to warn people of tsunamis.
04:30To trigger the siren as soon as possible, initial tsunami alerts are generally based solely on seismic data.
04:37First of all, specialists receive information on an earthquake.
04:42Seismic waves move about 100 times faster than tsunamis.
04:46Thus, they have enough time to analyze the data and determine whether the earthquake could have generated a tsunami,
04:53and whether they should issue an initial tsunami alert.
04:57In American warning centers, for example, scientists usually issue initial alerts within five minutes of an earthquake.
05:05If a tsunami is suspected, these alerts can also include information on the time of arrival of the waves,
05:11recommended actions, and potential impacts.
05:16But triggering an alert is not enough.
05:19In order to save lives, coastal communities must also be trained to react quickly and in the best possible way.
05:26This is why UNESCO has produced this program called Tsunami Ready,
05:30which aims to train people living in coastal areas at risk on how to act in the event of a tsunami by 2030.
05:38The idea is to help communities stay safe by teaching them to protect their means of subsistence and to preserve their homes.
05:45Being recognized as Tsunami Ready by UNESCO does not mean that a community is safe from tsunamis, of course.
05:52It is rather a recognition that they have adopted all possible measures to mitigate the risks of tsunamis.
05:58Thus, authorities help communities prepare by installing evacuation boards,
06:05by establishing safety procedures and by creating plans to warn tourists.
06:10Like Spain, which has distributed tsunami warning signs along the entire coast,
06:14as well as signs indicating evacuation routes to higher ground.
06:19And Spain would do better to be prepared.
06:21I mean, only seven tsunamis have hit the country since 365, so it is difficult to predict the effects of such an event.
06:29But it could be devastating, given that Spanish coastal areas are so important economically.
06:35There is also a dangerous area in the Averoes fault, under the Alboran Sea.
06:40If an earthquake occurs at this point, people will only have 21 minutes to escape a tsunami.
06:49UNESCO has also established 12 tsunami warning centers, which also cover Europe.
06:55This initiative involves five centers located in the Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic regions.
07:01These centers can save thousands of lives because they monitor oceanic disturbances 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
07:09Then, after analyzing the threat, they send messages according to the potential of the event to cause a tsunami.
07:16The intensity scale goes from no effect to completely devastating.
07:21And because of this, they understand that almost all brick buildings could be demolished by the waves,
07:26and even the most reinforced concrete structures could suffer heavy damage.
07:34So far, we have mainly talked about tsunamis caused by earthquakes along the borders of converging tectonic plates.
07:42In fact, earthquakes have represented more than 80% of tsunamis since 1900.
07:49But tsunamis can also result in landslides, volcanic eruptions and even meteorite impacts.
07:56Experts are also worried that, with the current climate changes, we could see more tsunamis in the Mediterranean.
08:06These are triggered by abnormal weather conditions and can disrupt any coast with a shallow seabed.
08:14They may not be as huge or famous as those caused by earthquakes,
08:20but they can still cause significant material damage and put people in danger.
08:26For example, in 2006, a tsunami hit the port of Ciutadella on the Spanish island of Minorca.
08:33Yachts were projected against each other and then fell on the bottom of the port as the water withdrew,
08:39which caused damage of several tens of millions of euros.
08:43Unfortunately, tsunami weather in the Mediterranean tends to be stronger in summer.
08:48So, if you plan to spend your holidays in Europe, stay vigilant in the face of all signs of dangerous waves.
08:55If you suddenly encounter a tsunami heading towards you, remember that it is time to react.
09:01Move to the heights as far inland as possible.
09:05Pay special attention to all emergency and information alerts.
09:09And follow the advice of local authorities.
09:12Above all, do not wait in place to take pictures.
09:16Leave the area as soon as you notice signs of this dangerous event,
09:20or if you hear an official tsunami warning.
09:22And be careful!