How Elevator Works? Working Principal of Elevator Explained with 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00An elevator accident can be extremely dangerous.

00:04So how does the elevator ensure our safety?

00:07Today I will explain the basic principles of the elevator to you.

00:11It is similar to a pulley system.

00:13The motor drives the elevator car up or down.

00:16But the elevator car is very heavy and can carry a lot of weight.

00:21It can reach thousands of kilograms when fully loaded.

00:24At this time we need to add a counterweight on the opposite side of the elevator car.

00:29This is the technical term for the balancing device.

00:32These are the three important components of a modern elevator.

00:36The motor, the elevator car and the counterweight.

00:40First of all let's talk about the motor.

00:42The motors on escalators are usually located at the top or the bottom of the shaft.

00:47And they can vary depending on the brand and model of the elevator.

00:51The motor in the video is driven by a worm gear mechanism.

00:55Some motors also use a disc brake.

00:58The motor is directly integrated with the brake and does not require a worm gear mechanism.

01:03For example in this case their working principles are the same.

01:07They drive the elevator car and the counterweight through the cables.

01:11The counterweight of the elevator is not randomly assigned.

01:14It has a special calculation formula.

01:17It is equal to the weight of the elevator car plus half of the rated load of the elevator car.

01:22This has the advantage that the motor can work in a relatively energy efficient way

01:27regardless of whether the elevator car is fully loaded or not.

01:31After understanding the working principle of the elevator

01:34let's take a look at how the elevator ensures our safety.

01:38First of all let's talk about the situation that everyone is most likely to encounter

01:43which is a sudden power outage.

01:46To answer this question we have to go back to the motor.

01:49There are emergency brakes on the motor.

01:52The principle is similar to the brakes on a car.

01:55The brakes are only released when the elevator is moving.

01:58Therefore even if there is a sudden power outage the elevator can stop safely.

02:03What's more the cables that everyone is most afraid of breaking are actually very reliable.

02:09In fact I think this problem is the least thing to worry about

02:12because the elevator usually has about five cables.

02:16Even if there is only one cable left the elevator can run safely.

02:20If you think that your luck is bad and all the cables are broken don't worry.

02:23There is another cable on the other side of the elevator car.

02:26The moving cable of the elevator car is connected to the speed governor at the top.

02:31When the elevator falls the limit switch in the speed governor will lock the cable wheel

02:36under the action of centrifugal force and the cable will suddenly stop rotating

02:41thereby activating the safety gear at the bottom of the elevator car.

02:45The safety gear will clamp the rails and stop the elevator car from falling.

02:50What if the safety gear also fails?

02:53There are buffers at the bottom of the elevator car in the counterweight

02:56which can greatly reduce the impact of the elevator falling.

03:00But this is very unlikely to happen.

03:03You don't have to worry too much about the safety of the elevator

03:06but if you are still concerned taking the stairs might be a safer option.

03:10I hope you liked this video as much as I liked making it.

03:13If you did please show some love by liking, sharing, commenting and subscribing.

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