ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - مستقبل الوظائف
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي (2024) - سلسلة قصيرة - 3 حلقات
سلسلة وثائقية من ثلاثة أجزاء تستكشف تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على العمل والاقتصادات والأخلاقيات. تسلط السلسلة الضوء على كيفية تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على المعايير المجتمعية، مع التركيز على التهديدات والتحديات، وكذلك دوره كقوة تحويلية في الحياة الحديثة.
الحلقة 1
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - مستقبل الوظائف
يستكشف الضيوف، من شوارع لندن الصاخبة إلى قلب وادي السيليكون، فرص وتحديات الذكاء الاصطناعي أثناء تصورهم لمستقبل العمل.
الحلقة 2
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - مستقبل الاقتصاد
الذكاء الاصطناعي موجود في كل مكان، واعداً بتغييرات جذرية في الاقتصادات وسبل العيش. يبحث الضيوف في إمكانيات الذكاء الاصطناعي لسد الفجوات الرقمية.
الحلقة 3
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - الأخلاقيات
تعقيدات أخلاقية للذكاء الاصطناعي. تتناول هذه الحلقة قضايا الخصوصية والتحيزات وتحديات المساءلة.
سلسلة وثائقية من ثلاثة أجزاء تستكشف تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على العمل والاقتصادات والأخلاقيات. تسلط السلسلة الضوء على كيفية تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على المعايير المجتمعية، مع التركيز على التهديدات والتحديات، وكذلك دوره كقوة تحويلية في الحياة الحديثة.
الحلقة 1
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - مستقبل الوظائف
يستكشف الضيوف، من شوارع لندن الصاخبة إلى قلب وادي السيليكون، فرص وتحديات الذكاء الاصطناعي أثناء تصورهم لمستقبل العمل.
الحلقة 2
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - مستقبل الاقتصاد
الذكاء الاصطناعي موجود في كل مكان، واعداً بتغييرات جذرية في الاقتصادات وسبل العيش. يبحث الضيوف في إمكانيات الذكاء الاصطناعي لسد الفجوات الرقمية.
الحلقة 3
ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي - الأخلاقيات
تعقيدات أخلاقية للذكاء الاصطناعي. تتناول هذه الحلقة قضايا الخصوصية والتحيزات وتحديات المساءلة.
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TechTranscript
00:00Imagine a world in which robots and machines do human work to the highest degree of productivity, efficiency and innovation ever. This is the world of artificial intelligence.
00:16It will surpass, of course, the invention of wheels and the invention of airplanes.
00:20Fast-developing technology that works to change the way we live and work.
00:25Jobs will change.
00:27The benefits of artificial intelligence are clear.
00:30It can create opportunities for humans to learn new skills,
00:34cooperate with machines and participate in solving problems creatively.
00:39I would like to ask, did I do my homework well?
00:41Artificial intelligence will impose challenges and risks on society and individuals,
00:46as it is capable of causing disruption in jobs, markets and current institutions.
00:51The question that arises is, what is the future of work?
00:55With more jobs, how will people adapt to the changing scene?
01:01We will work on developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences.
01:06But the effect of artificial intelligence will surpass the power of work,
01:10as it poses questions about moral, legal and social issues.
01:15It is not our jobs and institutions that are at risk,
01:20but our identity as human beings.
01:23It is necessary for leaders and citizens to take responsibility for the formation,
01:27development and use of artificial intelligence in a responsible way.
01:31Join us in exploring the exciting possibilities and complex facts of artificial intelligence.
01:54The Future of Artificial Intelligence
02:03Jerry Kaplan is widely known for being an expert in artificial intelligence,
02:07a man of action, a technical innovator,
02:10a writer of the best-selling books, and a future scientist.
02:15What is artificial intelligence?
02:18Well, you may not know this, but you are talking to a robot.
02:23Artificial intelligence is not a science, nor is it compared to chemistry or physics,
02:27because it does not have a fundamental theory.
02:30Rather, artificial intelligence can be considered a comprehensive term for a set of software technologies
02:36that generally focus on solving a set of problems
02:40that we believe today require a high level of intelligence and concentration.
02:46Today, artificial intelligence has a great impact in the field of education,
02:50and this is an example of the many areas that will witness a revolution in the next five to ten years.
02:57To understand the impact of artificial intelligence in the labor and employment markets,
03:01it is useful to understand that artificial intelligence is simply the next wave of the epidemic,
03:07and it will have the same kinds of effects as the previous wave of the epidemic.
03:13The previous waves of the epidemic had the same effect on labor and employment markets,
03:19as they primarily cause the loss of some people to their jobs.
03:24This is the first short-term effect,
03:26simply because the epidemic is the replacement of human labor by machines,
03:31and this is the home of the poem, this is the purpose behind it.
03:35But what results from this is a decrease in costs in institutions,
03:39and an increase in the productivity of the remaining employees.
03:42In the end, the products become cheaper,
03:45and sometimes it becomes possible to make new products.
03:49In fact, this is exactly what happened in the United States in the late 1950s,
03:54where most of the population worked in farms,
03:57and within a few decades, a very small percentage of the population began to work in agriculture.
04:04As a result, the second effect makes the remaining workers more productive,
04:09and creates new markets,
04:11and this creates new types of job opportunities,
04:15which are usually in professions that are different from those that have disappeared.
04:19Thanks to this, we are now sitting hand in hand with more than a million employers
04:24who have lost their jobs in the United States in the late 20th century.
04:31Why not?
04:32Because they certainly got jobs in other industries,
04:36so it is important to develop your skills to benefit from the new technologies when they occur.
04:42One of the things I can tell you with confidence
04:46is that in the short term, a small number of people will lose their jobs,
04:51and this will take a period of adaptation and adaptation,
04:54with the new, prominent jobs at the time.
04:57But in the end, there will be enough jobs for everyone.
05:01I am sure of that, and I am not worried at all about the myth that the future will be full of unemployment.
05:07Because the history of the United States clearly shows that the future will not be like that.
05:12And I am sure that it will certainly exceed the invention of the wheel,
05:17the invention of the plane, or the invention of the electric lamp.
05:20And I think that it may actually be the most important invention in human history.
05:27And I am not exaggerating.
05:29Let's take a look at the impact of unemployment on jobs.
05:32Statistics show that 15% of the workforce in the world will lose their jobs,
05:38while productivity will increase by 25%,
05:43and 30% of workers will find new jobs.
05:47Let's take the health care sector as a living example.
05:50Unemployment can deal with administrative tasks,
05:53but what about the administrative staff?
05:56Will they be re-trained, or are they looking for new opportunities?
06:01The ultimate goal is to make use of this technology for the benefit of humanity.
06:06Let's talk to Mansour Ahmed-Rengers,
06:09the founder and CEO of Open Origins,
06:13which aims to create a huge platform to easily verify the health of electronic content,
06:20relying especially on artificial intelligence.
06:23We seem to be developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences of those tools.
06:31And I think there is an open question about whether we have enough work opportunities for humans.
06:37I think there are two points of view in this regard.
06:40One is that people are expected to be more efficient through artificial intelligence.
06:45And the other is that people are expected to be less optimistic
06:48when it comes to replacing people on a large scale with artificial intelligence.
06:52And I think this will create a bitter reality
06:55because we do not know the possibilities of the failure of artificial intelligence
06:58and its implications when used in the real world.
07:02Artificial intelligence can change the way we look at the world in a radical way,
07:07including our confidence in things.
07:09And all this means that we lose our sense of commonality with everything that is real.
07:13And it is necessary that governments,
07:15AI institutions and information security companies
07:18bear the responsibility to prove that AI is based on facts and not just inventions.
07:25And some people today believe that having a picture of an event is enough to prove that it really happened.
07:31But that situation will change in the next phase.
07:34The picture does not necessarily mean that the event really happened.
07:38Indeed, we need tools that allow us to prove that the image is real
07:42and that it was taken by a real camera
07:44and that it was taken in a specific place at a specific time
07:47and that it has not been manipulated since it was taken.
07:50And that it hasn't been manipulated.
07:52And with it, we can only capture that image when we see it on our screens.
07:56But we are moving quickly towards a world
07:59where it is not possible for humans or computers
08:01to distinguish between artificial and real images.
08:04And this will fundamentally change how we interact with each other
08:08via the Internet or television or any form of communication.
08:11So if you can't trust that the image sent to you is real,
08:15how can you trust anything on the Internet?
08:21I think that for governments, an important role in the short term
08:24is to protect the rights of nature and the spread of intellectual property to people.
08:28Many of the training data that companies use to train AI
08:32are not in compliance with the rights of nature and the spread
08:35and are not compliant with the privacy standards of the data
08:38and the people who own these data.
08:43And there is a limited amount of private data
08:46that is included in the models that support AI technology.
08:49Where companies are currently extracting content from the Internet
08:53and employing these companies to create models for AI
08:57and then separate them from work.
08:59I think that these are immoral methods
09:02and that they destroy creativity and human experience in general.
09:05You have to ask people before you use their data
09:08to create models that cost billions of dollars.
09:13The health of content is a source of increasing anxiety.
09:16Only 40% of people can distinguish between real and artificial images.
09:21And 85% of users demand that their health be proven.
09:26It is suspected that 30% of photos on the Internet have been tampered with
09:31and the treatment of this problem requires ethical and technological solutions
09:36including compliance with the rights of nature and the spread before use.
09:40Take, for example, the Internet promise.
09:43How can platforms guarantee that the photos of the users are real?
09:48And what steps can they take to protect the integrity of the media?
09:53Let's move on to the leader of Saudi business and the expert in technology
09:57who calls for a smooth integration between AI and workforce
10:02to highlight its importance in improving human capabilities
10:06and promoting the economy and shaping the future based on facts.
10:10The labor market is one of the markets that everyone is talking about.
10:16We are not focusing on the fact that AI can take our jobs
10:22or not.
10:24The most important thing I always talk about in the labor market
10:27is that AI should be one of the main things in it without fear.
10:35We use AI to strengthen ourselves in the labor market.
10:42Let's say that we are becoming like a super employee
10:49who is supported by very advanced technologies
10:53so that he can be better than others.
10:57We used to know the saying,
11:00work smarter, don't work harder.
11:04Work smarter, don't work harder.
11:08This leads us to believe that AI should help us work smarter.
11:17Instead of thinking that AI can take our jobs or not.
11:23One employee can have the capabilities of 10 employees.
11:28This will lead us to believe that we as individuals
11:34need to activate AI and learn it.
11:38Companies need to train their employees with AI.
11:42Don't be afraid that an employee can use AI to reduce his workload.
11:49No, let him reduce his workload.
11:51After a while, you will notice that his workload will decrease
11:54and you can give him more jobs or more tasks.
11:58This will lead to the employee inside the company
12:03turning into a 10-employee employee.
12:07AI doesn't tire or get boring.
12:10It can give jobs to tens of other employees.
12:13Even if we are left with the same number of employees,
12:18let's say I have 100 employees,
12:20I will keep these 100 employees
12:22and I will take 10, 20, 30 projects
12:25in addition to the projects I am currently taking.
12:28Instead of taking a project and one person working on it,
12:31if I have 100 employees, I can take 10 projects and work on them
12:34because the efficiency of the employee itself has increased significantly.
12:37This is very important.
12:39AI will increase the efficiency of the employee
12:43and increasing the efficiency of the employee will strengthen the global economy
12:47and create jobs that did not exist before
12:50and make people achieve more and faster than before.
12:54If we look at it this way,
12:58we will be more comfortable with AI
13:02and we will train employees on AI
13:04more and more than we think it is a scary thing
13:10and that I am afraid that the employee will use it
13:13and using it may lead to a decrease in its efficiency
13:18or become lazy, for example.
13:19No, no, this will never be the case in my opinion.
13:22What I can think of is that
13:24technology will be very advanced
13:28so that children will live a somewhat easier life than ours
13:35and when they enter the labor market
13:41or the study market and the labor market equally
13:44there will be jobs that are different from the jobs that we are currently
13:50let's say we are currently used to in the market
13:54and this will give them some challenges
14:00in that they have to be consistent with this new labor market
14:06and they have to learn things
14:10they have to learn technologies that still do not exist
14:14technologies related to dealing with AI
14:18and how AI is currently dealing with people
14:25and how it can deal with them in the future.
14:29AI affects the field of work in unprecedented ways
14:32where 64% of companies are expected to enhance productivity
14:37thanks to its technology
14:39while employee satisfaction has improved by 77%.
14:43It is interesting to note that 30% of tasks
14:46and 60% of jobs can be done mechanically in the future.
14:50The Saudi innovator looks at AI as a powerful tool
14:54and not an alternative
14:56and poses an important question
14:58which is how schools can provide the next generation
15:01with the necessary skills to adapt to it
15:04so that they are not only consumers of technology
15:07but also innovators.
15:09In this world of rapid development
15:11the London Institute launched an initiative
15:13to clarify the extent of rapid adoption of technology
15:15as well as the challenges that face employers and employees.
15:19We joined Albin Remy,
15:21head of the Innovation and Life Sciences Department at London & Partners
15:24an experienced businessman
15:26in expanding the field of business in all parts of Europe.
15:30AI simply means
15:33the ability of machines to perform tasks that require human intelligence.
15:38It is a development to a large extent, but it is not a revolution.
15:42Here, for example, in King's Cross
15:45there are 42,000 people working with companies like Meta and Google
15:50and there is no doubt that these companies employ a lot of people
15:55who will work in one way or another with AI.
15:59We have seen in the latest research by IBM
16:02that 46% of executives
16:05are now looking to re-evaluate their workforce
16:09and they have already started doing so.
16:11We will continue to use remote learning technologies
16:14that have flourished during the COVID-19 pandemic
16:17in the process of re-evaluating for many years to come.
16:21It is interesting that this transformation
16:23in the workplace and in the use of AI in multiple industries
16:28and when talking about policies,
16:30it is important to understand that it requires coordination
16:33between the three economic centers,
16:35which are the organizational and public services
16:38as well as research and education institutions,
16:40as well as the private sector,
16:42where all three of these parties need to talk together
16:45and ask the right questions
16:47and try to find common solutions
16:49so that there is a convergence of opinions and an agreement on solutions.
16:53Therefore, I believe that cooperation is essential
16:56when looking at AI policies
16:58to ensure its safe, clean and effective use.
17:02It is also important to emphasize to users
17:05that these technologies are safe and useful
17:08and that they can be trusted in this type of technology.
17:12It is also important to inform AI users
17:15that it will improve human life in a positive way
17:19as well as the level of work.
17:23The issue of qualifying workforce skills
17:26has become more important than ever before.
17:2858% of executives invest in qualifying skills
17:33and electronic education industry has grown by 900%
17:38since the beginning of the pandemic.
17:40The future of the economy depends on three pillars,
17:43which are the organizational and public services
17:46as well as research institutions.
17:48These institutions play a decisive role
17:50in directing executives and employees.
17:52London's experience may form a precedent for major cities
17:55all over the world.
17:57Take this scenario into account
18:00While companies are investing in the transition to automation,
18:03how can they guarantee the resilience of their workforce
18:06to this transformation
18:07and ensure they provide the necessary skills
18:10to face the new challenges?
18:12In our interview with Nigel Toon,
18:14CEO of Graphcore,
18:17a smart processing unit manufacturer,
18:19Nigel contributed to the leadership
18:21and establishment of many successful companies.
18:25One of the challenges we're going to face with AI
18:28is that jobs will change
18:30and everyone is worried
18:32about replacing their jobs with AI.
18:34But in fact, there are very few jobs
18:36that can be fully automated.
18:38What we do is improve some jobs
18:40and cancel some routine tasks
18:42that people used to do in the past.
18:44But in some cases,
18:46the training of employees will be rescheduled.
18:49As you know,
18:50we talked about how teachers work
18:52in a completely different way.
18:54They will become more like teachers
18:56and teachers of children,
18:58so they will assign teachers
19:00to change the way they work.
19:02This may be a simple example,
19:04but there may be other cases
19:06in which people are assigned
19:08to do different jobs.
19:10So I think one of the main things
19:12the government assigns people to do
19:14is to help guarantee the ability
19:16of the employees to do different jobs.
19:18This is a very simple example,
19:20but I think one of the main things
19:22the government assigns people to do
19:24is to help guarantee the ability
19:26of the employees to be rehabilitated
19:28and continue to be rehabilitated
19:30throughout their lives.
19:32Everyone is talking today
19:34about artificial intelligence
19:36and how artificial intelligence
19:38is able, for example,
19:40to create children's songs
19:42or a bedtime story
19:44with the guarantee of the characters
19:46they love in the events of the story
19:48This is not for children,
19:50but this is not the goal
19:52of artificial intelligence,
19:54but rather the ability
19:56to get any output
19:58just by telling the artificial intelligence
20:00what it should do
20:02in any language of your choice
20:04without having to program the device,
20:06which will allow people
20:08to use computers in new ways.
20:10Thus, everyone will be able
20:12to benefit from computers more
20:14and will be able to do amazing things
20:16quickly in this field,
20:18and everyone will be able
20:20to design a new computer game.
20:22The positive benefits
20:24of this technology are huge
20:26and its extraordinary power
20:28make it necessary
20:30to be careful.
20:32Take, for example,
20:34doctors who share a professional
20:36division that they will not
20:38cause any harm.
20:40It seems to me that the developers
20:42of artificial intelligence
20:44are the people who develop
20:46artificial intelligence systems.
20:48The people who publish these systems
20:50are the ones who have the ability
20:52to cause harm.
20:54And according to the numbers,
20:56only 5% of all professions
20:58can be fully automated,
21:00while 80% of teachers
21:02believe that technology
21:04enhances the educational process
21:06and increases the content
21:08creation rates by 40%.
21:10And Nigel Toon sees
21:12that this will change
21:14the rules of the game for him.
21:16It is important to set moral guidelines
21:18like the doctors' division
21:20to take, for example,
21:22free professions,
21:24because writers and independent designers
21:26may face a great competition
21:28from artificial intelligence.
21:30What are the responsibilities
21:32of platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr
21:34to guarantee the rights of human creativity?
21:36Karl-Benedikt Frey,
21:38a Swedish-German economist
21:40and a professor at Oxford University.
21:42In 2013,
21:44Frey contributed
21:46to the famous study
21:48on the future of employment
21:50and the impact of automation
21:52on jobs.
21:54Frey worked as an advisor
21:56to international organizations
21:58and thought centers,
22:00governments and companies.
22:02In 2013,
22:04we predicted that 47%
22:06of American jobs
22:08would be lost.
22:10We expected
22:12three main problems,
22:14where the machines still
22:16perform badly in the field
22:18of complex social interactions,
22:20creativity,
22:22and movement in complex
22:24and unorganized environments
22:26such as crowded cities.
22:28I think those problems
22:30still exist today.
22:32Chad G.B.T. does a good job
22:34of writing content.
22:36Because William Shakespeare
22:38was really there.
22:40Therefore,
22:42if you are not a talented writer,
22:44you can become a good writer
22:46with the help of Chad G.B.T.
22:48This means that we will see
22:50more competition in this type of job
22:52and there is no need to be
22:54disposed of it.
22:56A good example of this
22:58is what Uber did
23:00for rental cars.
23:02By using Uber,
23:04drivers of rental cars
23:06can get a driver's license.
23:08This causes
23:10some of their jobs to be lost
23:12and it will apply
23:14to self-driving vehicles.
23:16It is not yet available,
23:18but when it is,
23:20many jobs of drivers of
23:22buses, trucks and rental cars
23:24will be lost.
23:26There will also be a loss
23:28of jobs in other fields
23:30such as telecommunications centers,
23:32and so on.
23:34Therefore,
23:36we need to continue
23:38teaching these skills
23:40despite the fact that
23:42artificial intelligence
23:44is capable of performing them
23:46as well as the skills
23:48that artificial intelligence
23:50does not do well.
23:52If we rely on it,
23:54for example,
23:56to write a love letter
23:58in a manual way,
24:00personal communication
24:02will become more valuable
24:04in the age of artificial intelligence.
24:06Therefore, we need to teach
24:08students to interact
24:10and think creatively.
24:12This means focusing
24:14on writing articles
24:16and debating classes.
24:18It is certain that
24:20some jobs are more
24:22dangerous than others,
24:24and drivers of buses,
24:26trucks and rental cars
24:28will lose their jobs.
24:30Jobs in telecommunications
24:32or insurance centers
24:34will also be lost
24:36by 24%,
24:38and 45% of future jobs
24:40will require skills
24:42in social interaction
24:44and creativity.
24:46For example,
24:48what are the responsibilities
24:50of companies such as Uber
24:52or Lyft to ensure
24:54employee development
24:57Joseph P. Fowler presents
24:59a convincing view
25:01of the future of work.
25:03He is an American academic
25:05and administrative consultant
25:07who currently works
25:09as a teacher
25:11at the Harvard School of Business.
25:13He is the co-founder
25:15of Monitor,
25:17now known as Monitor Deloitte.
25:19In five years,
25:21you will not only be able
25:23to obtain artificial intelligence
25:25but also to create new jobs.
25:27Ingrid Bergman and I
25:29seem to be acting
25:31in your own film.
25:33Dealing with artificial intelligence
25:35on a popular and journalistic level
25:37is a historic event.
25:39Artificial intelligence
25:41is similar to previous
25:43technological revolutions.
25:45This will lead to the
25:47destruction of current jobs,
25:49but it will create a large
25:51group of new jobs.
25:53There are very important
25:55articles that say
25:57that this will be a pandemic
25:59for all accountants
26:01and financial analysts
26:03because they will all be replaced
26:05by a database.
26:07The opposite is true.
26:09Accountants have contributed
26:11to enhancing their work
26:13and their numbers have increased.
26:15Many studies indicate
26:17that about 80% of jobs
26:19will be affected by at least
26:2150% of jobs,
26:23which will accelerate
26:25the achievement of the task
26:27by relying on artificial intelligence.
26:29But the situation is different
26:31in office work,
26:33where the percentage
26:35of those jobs affected
26:37is up to 50%.
26:39People will be asked
26:41to deal with artificial intelligence
26:43in the same way
26:45they deal with other sources.
26:47What does this technology
26:49mean for the people of the future?
26:51What is the future of our ability
26:53to solve problems
26:55after we have destroyed
26:57it in a much larger way
26:59in the past?
27:01I wonder if I have
27:03asked myself a good question
27:05and what can we derive
27:07from this information?
27:09I believe that I will
27:11provide more services
27:13to society,
27:15especially to a society
27:17where artificial intelligence
27:19can deal with the lack
27:21of workforce
27:23and contribute to fill the gaps
27:25in terms of global income
27:27and living standards.
27:29This is what I expect to happen.
27:31The effect of artificial intelligence
27:33on jobs is a hot topic
27:35in the current year.
27:3777% of people feel worried
27:39about losing their jobs
27:41due to artificial intelligence.
27:43However, estimates indicate
27:45that artificial intelligence
27:47will create 97 million jobs
27:49and contribute $407 billion
27:51by the year 2027.
27:53Professor Fuller presents
27:55a balanced concept
27:57of artificial intelligence
27:59as a tool that can
28:01achieve equality
28:03when used properly,
28:05especially for those with
28:07the least income.
28:09The question remains
28:11what are the strategies
28:13to create income in the future?
28:15Our guests have shared
28:17diverse experiences
28:19and perspectives that are
28:21not limited to the future
28:23of artificial intelligence
28:25from busy London streets
28:27to the heart of Silicon Valley.
28:29We have seen how artificial intelligence
28:31plays a major role in our daily lives.
28:33Initiatives like the one
28:35launched by the London Ombudsman
28:37will be used by cities
28:39around the world
28:41At the end of this episode
28:43we noticed that there is
28:45a common vision among our guests
28:47that artificial intelligence
28:49motivates positive change
28:51and enables individuals
28:53to achieve equality.
28:55It is a challenging journey
28:57that promises a better tomorrow.