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00:00In the middle of the old continent, on the eastern borders of Poland and the western borders of Belarus,
00:18there is a pulse of the original forest, which has not ceased for several thousand years.
00:23The only remnant of the original forests, which once covered the European lowlands.
00:32The reserve of the biosphere and the heritage of humanity.
00:36The Bialowieza Forest.
00:48The Bialowieza Forest.
01:18The Bialowieza Forest.
01:36For many centuries, the Bialowieza Forest was an indivisible entity.
01:41It was privileged because it was hunted by Lithuanian princes, Polish kings, and then the tsars of Russia.
01:48They wanted to see it wild and full of animals. They were proud of it.
01:53But on July 25, 1944, Stalin's decision to cut the border between Poland and the Soviet Union with the Bialowieza Forest.
02:07In 1981, another barrier was built on this side to protect it from the influence of the West.
02:16The second border pass surrounded by barbed wire fences.
02:23Today, Belarus is here. Poland begins 100 meters ahead of us.
02:31The Bialowieza Forest
02:35Fortunately for the entire forest, huge areas of old natural trees have survived on the Belarusian side.
02:42Today, it is no longer a mystery that it was treated as an animal for hunting for the Soviet elite.
02:48Good morning.
02:50Hello. Border guard, please show me your documents.
02:54It is also known that important military equipment was strategically located here.
03:08Despite the perestroika, the Bialowieza Forest on this side is still a closed object.
03:18To get here, you need special permits.
03:22Until recently, the presence of a camera would be absolutely impossible here.
03:27You can go.
03:37Despite the border, alarm systems and fences stretching for kilometers,
03:42the Slavic Bialowieza Forest, surrounded and deformed, continues on both sides.
03:50And this is the whole, undivided and full life that Bożena and Janek want to show in the next five parts of this film.
03:59They want to look into her soul.
04:21Bialowieza Forest
04:26The Bialowieza Forest is not homogeneous at all.
04:29It is made up of 26 species of trees and thousands of smaller plants.
04:34Depending on the soil fertility and humidity,
04:37an original mosaic of natural environments, wild green worlds, is created.
04:51The Bialowieza Forest
04:55The Bialowieza Forest
05:00The Bialowieza Forest
05:05The Bialowieza Forest
05:10The Bialowieza Forest
05:15The Bialowieza Forest
05:19The Bialowieza Forest
05:24The Bialowieza Forest
05:29The Bialowieza Forest
05:34The Bialowieza Forest
05:39The Bialowieza Forest
05:44The Bialowieza Forest
05:49The Bialowieza Forest
05:54The Bialowieza Forest
05:59The Bialowieza Forest
06:04The Bialowieza Forest
06:08The fantasy of nature has no boundaries.
06:11It also lacks naturalists.
06:15The names of the forest collections are the whole poetry of botanists.
06:21This is a meadow.
06:22The meadows' banks are flooded periodically, especially in early spring.
06:27The ground is characteristic for the meadows.
06:30The boreal spruce resembles a taiga.
06:34The mixed bog.
06:38The swamp meadow on ancient peatlands.
06:42The pine meadow.
06:46The Ols, flooded by standing water.
06:50All these collections are placed in a mosaic,
06:53characterized by the nature of the settlements.
06:56This is very typical for the original lowland forests of Central Europe.
07:00Typical for them is also a diverse woodland, rich in species.
07:07It is the trees that create the atmosphere of a large house
07:11and at the same time dictate the conditions of life to others.
07:15They create a space that the inhabitants of the forest
07:19use to the last limit.
07:23There are no uninhabited places here.
07:27In this large house, life takes place on all levels,
07:31from the soil to the crown of trees.
07:34Eight floors.
07:36The basement, the ground floor and six more floors.
07:40The three highest ones, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth,
07:44are the floors of the crowns.
07:47Bożena and Janek are on the fifth floor,
07:50at a height of about 28 meters.
07:53The fourth floor is under us, the floor of the tombs and the clones.
07:57Above us is the sixth floor, the crown of giants,
08:01of spruce, oak and linden.
08:05Forty meters above the ground.
08:23What can be a home for an animal here?
08:27A place where you can be safe, where you can eat,
08:31where you can raise your offspring.
08:39Here in the mountains, our human measure is disappointing.
08:43How incomplete and one-sided is the image of the bushes
08:47usually viewed from a distance.
08:51The image of the bushes is usually viewed from a low height above the ground,
08:55from the position of our eyes.
09:16For black bocians, the crowns of a large house
09:19are a good place to raise chicks.
09:22Almost all of them build their nests
09:24the way they have done for centuries,
09:26on oaks, in well-shaded places.
09:30However, an open house also has its shortcomings.
09:33A storm or a storm can come at this height,
09:36and an ikuna can easily climb up here.
09:49What do the difficulties of an ant farm
09:51through all the floors of the forest mean,
09:54if you can eat anywhere up here?
09:58Caloric food quickly compensates for the effort.
10:02Ants are particularly lazy
10:04when it comes to sweet retreats, i.e. sleeping.
10:08Pne, i.e. the second and third floors,
10:19and not other floors,
10:20are suitable for grazing.
10:22And the best one is a rotten hole
10:25under a hill protecting it from the rain.
10:28You just have to fill it with chambers
10:30of rotten wood mixed with slurry.
10:38The Pne floor is the favourite location
11:03for the macaws,
11:04the largest European ants
11:06reaching two centimetres in length.
11:09A few metres high,
11:11the house is made of wood
11:13in accordance with the natural structure of the layers.
11:16Such a house ensures safety
11:18for the entire adult colony,
11:20but above all for their offspring.
11:23They have a relatively stable temperature
11:26and humidity here.
11:36A damaged tree does not give up easily.
11:39As long as it lives,
11:40it heals wounds day by day,
11:42it fights.
11:44However, neither the larvae
11:46nor even the twigs
11:47that untangle
11:48only a modest part of the colony
11:50can threaten
11:52hundreds of sharp beetles.
12:07A three-fingered sparrow,
12:09a bird of primitive igloos forests,
12:11usually lives in the mountains
12:13or in the far north,
12:15in the taiga.
12:17All sparrows have four fingers.
12:20This species has only three.
12:24The parents have hatched a nest in the meadow.
12:28In the meadow,
12:29they had a problem
12:30with the sparrows' movement.
12:34In the meadow,
12:35they had a problem
12:36with finding the right place.
12:38There are many dead,
12:39standing sparrows' nests here.
12:42The chicks sit in the middle,
12:44straight on the twigs.
12:47Maybe this house is not very comfortable,
12:49but it is safe.
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13:17While the floor of the meadow
13:19is only a temporary home for many animals,
13:22for some flies,
13:24sparrows and moths
13:26it is a home for a lifetime.
13:34The diversity of these inhabitants
13:36shows the cleanliness of the environment.
13:39It is impossible to imagine a meadow
13:41without these plants,
13:43although many of them
13:44have died already.
14:04We were on the second floor of the meadow,
14:07in the meadow zone.
14:09There are three of them under us.
14:12The first floor.
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14:41Broken and overturned trees
14:43create an endless amount
14:45of micro-environments
14:47for various organisms.
14:49Root shards taken from the ground
14:51are mainly used by plants,
14:53especially flies.
14:55It is also a great place
14:58to hide a nest.
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15:13One might think that the original meadow
15:15is filled with winged inhabitants.
15:18However, this is a delusion.
15:20Active predators,
15:22four-legged or winged,
15:24and a harsh climate of winter
15:26and not the abundance of places
15:28for nesting
15:31because there are
15:33incomparably more such places
15:35than in a forest cared for by humans.
15:37Dwarfs and ostriches nest in outcrops,
15:40just like 2,000 or 3,000 years ago.
15:43In a natural forest,
15:45where there are a lot of rotting trees,
15:47many species like to use
15:49all the hollows and crevices.
16:00Soft fungus
16:02is perfect for a whole system
16:04of corridors, burrows and chambers.
16:15Rye
16:17is a rarely found rodent,
16:19rather northern,
16:21because it is real.
16:23In the Białowieża Forest
16:25it occurs quite a lot,
16:27especially in meadows
16:29and swamp bogs.
16:31No wonder,
16:33everywhere in the attic
16:35there are appropriate
16:37rotten outcrops,
16:39and in them the abundance
16:41of basic food,
16:43small invertebrates.
17:00Wood
17:09Covered with the moisture
17:11of the outcrops, roots
17:13and broken wood
17:15is a dream environment
17:17for many rare insects.
17:29How would a three-story building
17:31be without its most noisy
17:33and bustling inhabitants?
17:35Rhyme has a multidimensional meaning.
17:37Outside of a loving note,
17:39it sounds like a warning.
17:41Here I am, here I live,
17:43here I eat and live,
17:45rival away.
17:47Flickering words,
17:49crickets and butterflies
17:51compete with singing
17:53for their home.
17:59Birds
18:05Birds
18:09Birds
18:13Birds
18:17Birds
18:21Birds
18:25Birds
18:29Birds
18:33Birds
18:37Birds
18:41Birds
18:45Birds
18:49Birds
18:51Birds
18:57Singing can also
18:59serve as a companion.
19:01Rattlesnakes
19:03are happy to stay
19:05on the outcrops
19:07of the first floor.
19:09They choose warm
19:11and sunny places
19:13where they can hunt.
19:15Rattlesnakes
19:17Rattlesnakes
19:21Rattle snakes
19:33Rattlesnakes
19:39Rattlesnakes
19:43Rattlesnakes
19:47In the humid Puszczyna Runa, that is, in our division on the ground floor, there is a
20:11whole lot of small and miniature accommodation.
20:15This is probably the most populated part of the big house.
20:19From the ground floor, the world looks different.
20:22How far is it to the sixth floor of the Crown?
20:26For the animals that lay their nests on the ground floor of the Puszczyna Runa, especially
20:46the most important thing is to become invisible.
20:50The elephant is instinctively motionless, the saint believes that she is invisible,
21:16although she is clearly suffering from a bloodworm.
21:25The rooster is similarly motionless.
21:37In the Puszczyna Runa, there are paths of active domestic animals,
21:41large and small ones.
21:44Although all the floors of the big house are penetrated by forest ants,
21:49there are undoubtedly the most of them on the ground floor.
21:52Around the mound, usually a few dozen metres away from it,
21:56they move along rough paths,
21:59but in search of food and shelter, they find new paths.
22:03They always leave traces of smell on them,
22:06after which they return home.
22:09It is not just any random flat.
22:12It is a real house with air-conditioning,
22:15which meets all the needs of the living ants.
22:18Most importantly, it is a house built on its own by thousands of beetles.
22:24The constant temperature and humidity of the ants,
22:27the anticorrosis of the interior,
22:30as well as the organic particles suitable for eating,
22:33attract other tenants.
22:36The larvae of some large beetles are tolerated by the ants.
22:40The attraction for the ant colony
22:42provides the larvae with impunity inside the mound.
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23:04The meadows do not end in a meadow.
23:08What is under the ground
23:11is a mirrored reflection of the ground floors,
23:14but in a reduced form.
23:20The foundations of the forest,
23:22roots, trees, bushes, herbs and grass
23:25penetrate the ground in search of moisture.
23:28Each plant has its own tactics
23:31in obtaining the raw materials needed to build its tissues
23:34dissolved in water.
23:37Some species create roots
23:40that are slightly branched,
23:42but long, reaching deep into the ground.
23:49Others build a network of small branches
23:52grabbing food washed from the surface.
23:57A flat, flat root system
24:00is often the cause of the loss of the tree.
24:03Soft soil is enough,
24:05and the hurricane easily tears out
24:08even such huge layers as this one.
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25:02What would a meadow be without its meadows, streams and rivers?
25:07At its bottom, somewhere between the ground floor and the cellar,
25:10a water house stretches out.
25:13Wet oaks have been the refuge of cranes for a long time.
25:18Setting up a nest surrounded by water
25:21is to protect the fear of predators.
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25:44Wet oaks are only a temporary home for cranes.
25:47However, among the meadows' animals,
25:50there are those for whom water is a real life.
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26:31The beavers not only live in the desert waters, but they even transform their environment.
26:53They build their own home with their paws and teeth.
26:56The deep water protects the access to the Beaver Jeremy.
27:02Buildings made of cut down trunks, branches and mud, hidden somewhere in the reeds.
27:09A dozen years ago, more or less in this place, there was a corridor of a small desert river called Chwozna.
27:29The beavers crossed the wide valley in front of it, from the edge of the forest to the shore, creating a vast bay on this side.
27:44Thanks to the sharp cutters, a lot of micro-environments were created in the bay and on the flooded shores, ready to be inhabited by other organisms.
27:53Another houses.
27:55The plants use them especially intensively.
27:59This is something extraordinary.
28:02This is a proof of how the Szyndobyl greenery, together with the animals, settles and changes the desert environment.
28:11At least a dozen species grow on these few meters of the dam.
28:18It is fascinating not only that the plants are so wildly expansive.
28:25In the complicated world of desert relationships and dependencies, only they can produce green matter and then become food for others.
28:35It is the plants that decide the survival of the natural forest.
28:40They still create and fight.
28:43Their never-ending race is still going on.
28:47We will see it in the next part.
29:13To be continued...