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Transcript
00:00In the middle of the old continent, on the eastern borders of Poland and the western borders of Belarus,
00:18there is a pulse of the original forest, which has not ceased for several thousand years.
00:23The only remnant of the original forests, which once covered the European lowlands.
00:32The reserve of the biosphere and the heritage of humanity.
00:36The Bialowieza Forest.
00:48The Bialowieza Forest.
01:18The Bialowieza Forest.
01:30We have already presented the great forest house, full of thousands of micro-environments,
01:35and then the plants participating in the never-ending race.
01:40But plants are only part of the complicated game of the life of the forest.
01:45They are the basis of the life of forest animals, especially herbivores.
02:15The Bialowieza Forest.
02:46Where to look for the soul of the Bialowieza Forest,
02:51if not among its largest four-legged inhabitants?
02:56Every time I meet them, it is as exciting as if we had seen them for the first time.
03:06It is not difficult to understand why Mickiewicz called them the emperors' forests.
03:36The Bialowieza Forest.
03:41For Bożena and Janek, the beetles are the embodiment of the forest soul.
03:46The biologist will say that they are an element of the well-harmonized,
03:50harmonized great organism of the forest.
03:54They are only a particle, a flame in the never-ending cycle of life of the forest.
03:59On the one hand, the fate of various organisms depends on them.
04:03On the other hand, they themselves are dependent, especially on the plants they live on.
04:12Only in winter we can get so close.
04:15In summer, they would definitely run away.
04:18Anyway, a meeting with a cow taking care of a calf,
04:22or with a lonely bull during a meadow,
04:26could end up for us as a loss of shoes.
04:29After all, we are the intruders in their homes, not the other way around.
05:00In summer, the beetles live in small groups.
05:03In winter, they gather in larger flocks.
05:06Depending on their sex, age and condition,
05:09they occupy certain positions.
05:12The oldest and most experienced beetle is usually the leader of the flock.
05:17The cautious one is the first to notice the danger.
05:21It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:29It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:32It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:35It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:38It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:41It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:44It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:47It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:50It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:53It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:56It is she who gives a sign of escape.
05:59It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:02It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:05It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:08It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:11It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:14It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:17It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:20It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:23It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:26It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:29It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:32It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:35It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:38It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:41It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:44It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:47It is she who gives a sign of escape.
06:50The Forest of Żubry
06:57For several thousand years,
07:00the annual rhythm of the original forest
07:03measures the rhythm of the life of the Żubry.
07:06Contact with the mother does not stop for a long time.
07:09Cows are very caring towards their own calves.
07:12They protect them from strangers.
07:15In the forest forest, it is quite easy to avoid the pursuers.
07:18In fact, the powerful Żubry,
07:21apart from people,
07:24have almost no natural enemies.
07:48The Żubry
08:04The daily ritual,
08:07scrubbing and scrubbing,
08:10helps to maintain the hygiene of the thick fur.
08:13Żubry are the homes of numerous parasites.
08:16The protruding fur does not allow for full circulation.
08:19Therefore, each side must be cleaned separately.
08:47Żubry
09:06In August and September,
09:09the bulls give up their loneliness
09:12and assist the Żubry.
09:15The noise of such a loud noise
09:18stimulates the cattle.
09:21As with most species,
09:24the strongest male also has a chance
09:27to pass on the best traits of his offspring.
09:31Żubry
09:42Instinct does not allow to ignore the rival.
09:47Żubry
10:00Żubry
10:30Żubry
11:00Żubry
11:30Żubry
12:00Żubry
12:25Every day,
12:28Żubry
12:31Żubry
12:34Żubry
12:37Żubry
12:40Żubry
12:43Żubry
12:46Żubry
12:49Żubry
12:52Żubry
12:55The abundance of vegetation means the abundance of food,
12:58and the Żubry have an excellent appetite.
13:01It seems that they are scrubbing every nook and cranny.
13:04In fact, they are doing their best.
13:07There are as many as 328 species of plants
13:10and 6 species of mushrooms on their menu,
13:13and again they reach for special appetizers.
13:16The predominant part of the food is herbs and grass.
13:25Next to the Żubry,
13:28there are a few smaller species of large shrubs.
13:31The boar is the best example
13:34of how nature avoids the classification of man.
13:37It eats the underground parts of plants,
13:40but it also likes insects and their larvae,
13:43rodents, birds of prey.
13:46It also does not despise sparrows.
13:58The moose
14:01and the deer,
14:04like the Żubry, are predators.
14:07The Żubry eat a large number of plants,
14:10slowing down their development.
14:32If the Żubry are the emperors of the Białystok desert,
14:35they are only the largest land animals in Europe,
14:39and not as herbivores.
14:44The moose are also other herbivores.
14:47They are really small, but much more important,
14:50at least in terms of large numbers,
14:53they are gnawers.
14:56The largest of them are countless
14:59in the Białystok forests.
15:02They live among forest rivers
15:05and glaciers like this one.
15:11This channel is their home.
15:14You can melt wood from the shore
15:17to make it look like a home,
15:20and vice versa,
15:23you can safely swim to their nests on the land.
15:26The biggest gnawers of the desert
15:29are the Żubry,
15:32because they have the right amount of plants,
15:35peace,
15:38and darkness of night.
15:59The Żubry are the largest land animals
16:02in the Białystok forest.
16:05They are the largest land animals
16:08in the Białystok forest.
16:11They are the largest land animals
16:14in the Białystok forest.
16:17They are the largest land animals
16:20in the Białystok forest.
16:23They are the largest land animals
16:27in the Białystok forest.
16:52The largest gnawers of the desert
16:55are the Żubry.
16:58They cut the bark of the trees
17:01to make the bark of the trees
17:04soft and delicate.
17:07soft and delicate.
17:10They cut the bark of the trees
17:13to make the bark of the trees
17:16soft and delicate.
17:19In summer, the juicy greenery,
17:22and the abundance of water
17:25are the basis of the Żubry diet.
17:52In summer, the juicy greenery,
17:55and the abundance of water
17:58are the basis of the Żubry diet.
18:17The small gnawers
18:20are exposed to a rapid loss of heat,
18:23so they need a constant supply of energy.
18:26To cope with this,
18:29they have to eat a large amount
18:32of low-calorie plant food.
18:35The world is so big and tasty,
18:38but you have to hurry.
18:41The night before danger is short.
18:45Sometimes the eggs taste better
18:48than nuts or fruit.
18:51Sometimes the eggs taste better
18:54than nuts or fruit.
18:57The small gnawer, like other gnawers
19:00and like a boar,
19:03also eats animal feed.
19:06The small gnawer, like other gnawers
19:09and like a boar,
19:12also eats animal feed.
19:21So, contrary to the strong opinions,
19:24gnawers are not 100% plant eaters.
19:27So, contrary to the strong opinions,
19:30gnawers are not 100% plant eaters.
19:33The number of gnawers is huge.
19:36The number of gnawers is huge.
19:39Here is the proof.
19:42Red gnawers, next to forest mice,
19:45are the most common gnawers in the forest.
19:48Their fertility is extremely high.
19:51Their fertility is extremely high.
19:57This female probably has the second honey this year,
20:00and she will probably have one or two more.
20:03There are usually five young ones.
20:06Five times four honey is twenty hungry stomachs.
20:09Five times four honey is twenty hungry stomachs.
20:12Twenty gnawers, which in two months
20:15will be able to give birth on their own,
20:18if they survive.
20:21At least 70% of young gnawers will pay for a gnawer.
20:24At least 70% of young gnawers will pay for a gnawer.
20:27If gnawers are not dominant plant eaters of the Białowieża Forest,
20:30If gnawers are not dominant plant eaters of the Białowieża Forest,
20:33If gnawers are not dominant plant eaters of the Białowieża Forest,
20:36then they are probably gnawers.
20:39then they are probably gnawers.
20:42Nothing more wrong.
20:45The most powerful amount of plant tissues
20:48are eaten by real dwarfs, insects.
20:51This is really a multi-billion avalanche of miniature stomachs.
20:54This is really a multi-billion avalanche of miniature stomachs.
21:11There are no such parts of plants that insects could not eat.
21:14There are no such parts of plants that insects could not eat.
21:17Bulbs, roots, onions, fruits, seeds, roots, dust,
21:20juices, bark, wood, stalks and above all leaves.
21:23Juices, wood, stalks and above all leaves.
21:26These are inexhaustible sources of food.
21:29Neither the hardness of the tissues,
21:32nor the thickness of the bark,
21:35nor the toughness of the gnawers,
21:38nor even the poison.
21:41Food machines.
21:44Eat, keep eating.
21:47Do insects not threaten the green tissue?
21:50The life of a bush is the constant destruction
21:53of two opposing forces,
21:56the destructive energy of species
21:59and the combined forces of their destruction.
22:02In the action of plant-eating insects,
22:05there is a creative sense.
22:08They eat up the excess of plant production,
22:11later becoming food for predator species.
22:20In the action of plant-eating insects,
22:23there is a creative sense.
22:26They eat up the excess of plant production,
22:29later becoming food for predator species.
22:32In the action of plant-eating insects,
22:35there is a creative sense.
22:38They eat up the excess of plant production,
22:41later becoming food for predator species.
22:44In the action of plant-eating insects,
22:47there is a creative sense.
22:57Of the 8,500 species of insects
23:00living in the Bialowieza Desert,
23:03some are plant-eating species,
23:06which can be found more often
23:09in the Siberian taiga than in Central Europe.
23:12The conclusion is that
23:15the humid and rather cool climate
23:18of this desert
23:21fully meets their requirements.
23:33This is a caterpillar of the Amur rhinoceros,
23:36a very rare butterfly
23:39originating from Northern Europe and Asia.
23:42Here, in the desert,
23:45it feeds on acacia leaves,
23:48just like in the taiga.
23:51In spring, it appears as an adult butterfly.
23:54Now, it is looking for a suitable nest
23:57for breeding.
24:00It is very difficult to find this beetle.
24:03A true unique species.
24:06A relic, that is, a remnant
24:09of the Evodinus borealis.
24:12Its real homeland is the Siberian taiga.
24:15In the Bialowieza Desert,
24:18these very rare beetles
24:21live in coniferous or mixed forests,
24:24because their larvae feed on them
24:27in the natural spruces.
24:30But now, in spring,
24:33they move to the livelier forests.
24:36BIRDS CHIRPING
24:46Wait.
24:49Go back.
24:55It happens that a plant
24:58can outsmart an insect.
25:01A complicated construction of the flowers of these beetles
25:04means that only a few insects
25:07can meet their requirements.
25:10These are alosterna tabacicolor.
25:13They feed on pollen
25:16or nectar.
25:19Their size and shape
25:22are perfect for these tiny flowers.
25:25The beetle smells them.
25:28This alosterna already licks the nectar.
25:34The unknown role of the beetle
25:37is pressed by the front and back of the pollinator.
25:40Right now,
25:43miniature spines are sticking to its shell,
25:46bases with spots of pollen at the ends.
26:00Initially, this important shipment
26:03sticks perpendicularly.
26:06Later, it tilts forward,
26:09so when the alosterna visits another flower,
26:12the pollen will get exactly on the pole's mark,
26:15causing pollination.
26:21The relationship between a plant and an insect
26:24is based on a practical,
26:27if not a merchant, principle.
26:30In exchange for pollination,
26:33insects take an exceptionally valuable product,
26:36pollen and nectar.
26:39No other plant product can be compared to pollen.
26:42Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins
26:45make alosterna with the highest energy value.
26:48Similarly, nectar is highly caloric.
27:00In this video,
27:03we show you
27:06how to make
27:09an alosterna
27:12with the help of
27:15an alosterna.
27:18We hope you find it useful.
27:21Thank you for watching!
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28:09In comparison with pollen,
28:12alosterna are undoubtedly a more modest food.
28:15Many insects use other foods,
28:18becoming parasites and predators.
28:21Can small herbivorous insects,
28:24such as mosquitoes,
28:27be bigger predators than lynxes or wolves?
28:30More on that in the next part.
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