Category
đź“ş
TVTranscript
00:00The Berlin Wall, part of the Iron Curtain that cut Europe in two.
00:16Beyond the wire, armed force had always held down the peoples of the communist world.
00:26In 1989, the Wall was still intact, but there was a new mood in Moscow.
00:35The use of force had discredited itself completely.
00:40It was no longer possible to stabilize the world by military methods.
00:46We saw a real opportunity because of this recognition on the part of the Soviet Union
00:52that they weren't going to win an arms race, they weren't going to, quote, bury you, unquote.
00:57We were the beneficiaries of this.
01:22December 1988, Gorbachev met George Bush and outgoing President Ronald Reagan.
01:45Gorbachev had decided that the Cold War must be brought to an end.
01:50The Americans remained cautious.
01:53There were pressures on Mr. Gorbachev from his right, if you want to call it that, from
01:59his military, God knows from who else, who didn't want to see the rapidity of this change.
02:08By 1989, Gorbachev was determined to loosen Soviet control over the nations in the communist
02:14bloc.
02:21Gorbachev told the peoples of Eastern Europe that they had the right to choose their own
02:25futures.
02:28But his listeners wondered what would happen if non-communists won power.
02:33Would the Soviet Union really stand aside?
02:40Gorbachev was convinced that when these countries got their freedom, they would choose socialism
02:44with a human face.
02:48He believed they would not turn away from Moscow, nor run off to the West.
02:55He thought they would be grateful to Moscow and keep up ties of friendship with the Soviet
02:59Union.
03:04But not everybody wanted freedom from Moscow.
03:08Communist leaders like East Germany's Erich Honecker relied on Soviet support to stay
03:12in power.
03:16To imagine that the Soviet Union, after 40 years of alliances, would leave every socialist
03:22country to fend for itself and turn its back on them as if there had never been a brotherly
03:27community, this was unheard of.
03:35Hungary, 1956.
03:38Soviet tanks smashed the Hungarian attempt to win democracy and independence.
03:44Imre Nagy and the other leaders of the uprising were executed.
03:50Economic reforms improved life for a while, then hit disaster.
03:55By 1989, the communist government was losing control.
04:02But Soviet troops remained in the land.
04:05The Hungarian people were growing angry again.
04:08Fear drove the regime to promise political changes and more democracy.
04:16The country was in close to an abyss, close to a total crisis situation.
04:26Economically we accumulated by the time a huge debt.
04:33All the key players within the country realized that there is no way to get a better life
04:42via reforming the socialist model.
04:46In March 1989, Prime Minister Nemet visited Moscow.
04:50The Hungarian leaders were planning free multi-party elections.
04:55But would this be too much for Gorbachev?
04:58I said, I don't know as of this moment when we will have the first elections.
05:07But knowing that you are stationing in the territory of the country roughly 80,000 soldiers,
05:17and having in mind the experience of 1956 when your tanks crushed the revolutionaries
05:26and all the forces who fought that time for freedom,
05:31will you repeat the 1956 exercise or not?
05:37And Gorbachev, without hesitation, responded quite clearly to me,
05:43I don't agree with the introduction of the multi-party system in Hungary.
05:51But that's not my responsibility, that's your responsibility.
05:55There will be no instruction or order by us to crush it down.
06:01So that was quite an important message.
06:06A nameless grave in Budapest hid the murdered leaders of the 1956 uprising.
06:14Now the government agreed to rehabilitate them, the dead and the living.
06:19Erzsébet Hrozová was 18 when she fought in the uprising.
06:23She spent 12 years in prison.
06:26I felt as you do when a plaster is removed, and at last you can breathe freely.
06:34You don't have to lower your head anymore.
06:38I felt I could breathe again.
06:44Imre Nagy and his comrades were given a public funeral.
06:49The government declared that the 1956 revolution was justified.
06:56The crowd listened to the names of the martyrs.
06:59The names of the martyrs are written on the graves of the victims.
07:16I was stunned to see that on that list young boys,
07:25when they imprisoned them, arrested them, they were 16 years old.
07:34And they waited until they celebrated their 80th birthday.
07:42And the next morning they killed some of them.
07:56The reburial meant to us a reconciliation with our past and history.
08:06It meant a new start, a fresh start, especially in the political side of our life, and a renewal.
08:20A month before, the Cold War had lost a symbol.
08:25The Hungarian government took down the barbed wire on its border with Austria and the West.
08:32The Soviet Union did nothing.
08:36Although travel was still not completely free, the Iron Curtain was starting to unravel.
08:44I refused to give to the Home Minister money in that year's budget
08:51for the renewal or the refurbishment of the old barbed wire system.
09:01They said that the Iron Curtain was technically obsolete.
09:05It didn't work as a barrier anymore.
09:08They should not maintain a construction that endangered people's lives.
09:15Hungary's boldness alarmed the hardline Warsaw Pact leaders.
09:21None was more shocked than the East German ruler, Erich Honecker.
09:26His state formed the Soviet Empire's frontier with the West.
09:30Honecker's first reaction was to send the Minister of Foreign Affairs to Moscow
09:36to protest against this decision.
09:41Moscow's answer was, we can't do anything about it.
09:46This was unique.
09:48It was the first time that Moscow had said anything like this to us.
09:54The Poles, like the Hungarians, were breaking with the communist system.
10:02Faced with a wave of political strikes led by the opposition movement Solidarity,
10:07the regime had given way to a new regime.
10:11It was a new regime.
10:14It was a new regime.
10:17It was a new regime.
10:19Led by the opposition movement Solidarity, the regime had given way.
10:27I knew that the communist system was finished.
10:30The only problem was, what would be the best way to get rid of communism?
10:40In 1981, with Soviet approval, Solidarity had been crushed by the Polish army.
10:47Its leaders were imprisoned.
10:50Now, in early 1989, the government opened round-table talks with Solidarity.
10:57The Polish communists were prepared to share power, to discuss a shift towards democracy.
11:07Democratic institutions were being formed.
11:10They were substitutes for a full democracy.
11:13But we were different compared to the other countries of the bloc.
11:17We were, in a way, a heretical island.
11:23In June, elections were held.
11:32They produced a stunning defeat for the communists.
11:36Solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats in the Senate.
11:40Within weeks, the first anti-communist prime minister in the Soviet bloc took office.
11:49When we knew that Gorbachev was thinking about reform,
11:53we saw he would not oppose our reforms.
11:56And that was important to us.
12:02At the Warsaw Pact summit, the leaders were divided.
12:07Honecker, like Romania's Nikolai Ceaușescu,
12:10was alarmed by what was happening in Poland and Hungary.
12:17Honecker, and particularly Ceaușescu, were against our reforms.
12:22On one occasion, we were having a meeting with him,
12:25in his residence on the outskirts of Bucharest.
12:30He and his wife, Raisa and myself, were having a discussion.
12:37Our passions really ran high.
12:42We spoke in such loud voices,
12:44that we had to remove all our security people,
12:47so that they wouldn't hear us.
12:55We heard that Ceaușescu of Romania,
12:57Jaques of Czechoslovakia and Honecker were organising some sort of conspiracy.
13:03They wanted to talk Gorbachev into intervention against Poland and Hungary.
13:10They said that these nations had already passed the limits
13:13of what was acceptable in socialist countries.
13:19When I heard the first proposal from Ceaușescu on this,
13:25I looked at the other side of the table,
13:29where the Soviet delegation was seated,
13:34and our eyes crossed each other's eyes.
13:38He was signalling to me,
13:42that, OK, don't argue against it.
13:46In other words, he sent me, by his eyes,
13:52an important message, that you don't have to say a word.
13:55It will not happen.
13:59And it did not.
14:02In July, President Bush visited Poland and Hungary.
14:07The West gave them moral support for democratic change, but little more.
14:13We did have some modest economic packages, for both countries,
14:18but really, we didn't have enough.
14:21We wanted to be sure that the economic reforms,
14:24the moves towards free markets, those things,
14:27were for real, that they were going to continue.
14:31In Hungary, Bush was presented with a piece of barbed wire,
14:36a souvenir of Hungary's dismantled Iron Curtain.
14:40We believe that the artificial, physical, and psychological
14:45limitations of the system,
14:48we believe that the artificial, physical, and spiritual walls
14:53still existing in the world, someday, shall collapse everywhere.
14:58And that is just beautiful. Thank you, sir.
15:01I don't know, I'm kind of an emotional sort of person, anyway.
15:05I cry too easily. I did then, I do now.
15:09And I had tears in my eyes when I was given this symbol
15:13of the end of the Cold War.
15:15On his Wyoming ranch, James Baker, Bush's Secretary of State,
15:19discovered a real friendship for Eduard Shevardnadze,
15:22the Soviet Foreign Minister.
15:25You guys have a fishing license?
15:28Absolutely.
15:33Baker confirmed to Shevardnadze that the United States
15:37would tread carefully in Eastern Europe,
15:40and would not exploit Soviet problems there.
15:43What was achieved at Jackson Hole was, I think,
15:46a new atmosphere of trust.
15:49Everyone on the American side, as a matter of fact,
15:52felt it was very important that we assist Gorbachev and Shevardnadze
15:58and the reformers in the Soviet Union in any way we could
16:02to arrive at a soft landing.
16:05The Cold War didn't have to end with a whimper.
16:08It could have gone out with a bang.
16:11Already in Communist China,
16:14a surge of demands for human rights and democracy
16:18had ended in tragedy.
16:21On Tiananmen Square in Beijing,
16:24tanks and troops had attacked peaceful demonstrators
16:28and slaughtered them.
16:41The world shuddered.
16:44Would reform in Eastern Europe end like this?
16:50Erich Honecker in East Germany
16:53admired the Chinese solution to political protest.
16:57Honecker refused to admit that anything was wrong
17:01with his own system.
17:04Any appeal to the Chinese government
17:06I told them that they were responsible
17:09for the situation in their own countries.
17:12You decide what reforms you need.
17:15We need perestroika.
17:18Whether you need perestroika is up to you.
17:21Honecker said,
17:24We've done our perestroika.
17:27We have nothing to restructure.
17:30But in reality, East Germany was rotting away.
17:33Pollution, poisoned air and water.
17:36The economy was running down.
17:39The police state stifled all initiative.
17:43There was apathy in public,
17:46daydreams in private.
17:57Most people in the GDR withdrew into their private lives.
18:00You went to your job,
18:03saw to it that your private life was protected from harm.
18:07Then you withdrew into your home,
18:10with your friends, in your own private world.
18:19You criticized society at home,
18:22but only among people you trusted.
18:25You didn't trust the people you trusted.
18:28There was a video camera
18:31installed in the building opposite us,
18:34which was trained on our window.
18:37Every private word we said,
18:40every dispute about who had to do the dishes,
18:43every argument with the children,
18:46was listened to and noted down.
18:49Everyone who entered our house was videotaped.
18:53That summer, East Germans rushed to take holidays in Hungary.
18:57There was an escape hatch.
19:01Hungary's border with the West was weakening.
19:04In Budapest, East Germans besieged the West German embassy,
19:08demanding help to emigrate.
19:14It was known that the West Germans
19:17were the most dangerous people in the world.
19:20It was known that every German from the GDR
19:24who chose to live in freedom and democracy
19:27would get all possible support from us.
19:30The West German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl,
19:33had confidence in Gorbachev.
19:36Kohl planned to rescue the Hungarian economy
19:39if the East Germans were allowed to go West.
19:42He trusted Gorbachev not to block the deal with the Hungarians.
19:50The Hungarians agreed to let the East Germans cross to the West.
19:58Honecker called the refugees moral outcasts.
20:03I believe he felt a mixture of anger and utter contempt
20:07for these masses of people.
20:10I believe he felt a mixture of anger and utter contempt
20:14for these masses of people.
20:16for these masses of people.
20:24These ungrateful people
20:27who had run over to the other side.
20:34The refugees had been travelling from East Germany to Hungary
20:38in the hope of getting to the West.
20:41Now East Germany blocked travel to Hungary.
20:44Desperate, the fleeing East Germans turned to Czechoslovakia.
20:51They gathered at the West German embassy in Prague.
21:01We had no prospects.
21:03I didn't want my child to grow up under that repression.
21:06It wasn't just that we couldn't travel.
21:08It was small everyday things.
21:11When the embassy was full, the refugees climbed into the garden.
21:17We didn't know what was going to happen to us.
21:20We knew there were many people inside waiting,
21:23but we weren't sure whether there would be police inside
21:26or even the state security police, the Stasi.
21:30We walked fearfully along the fence
21:33and then people from inside the embassy came up and said,
21:36don't you want to come in?
21:37We were astonished and said yes.
21:39Wait, they said, we'll get a ladder.
21:42We climbed the fence and were inside.
21:45At first we saw just people.
21:47It was frightening, people everywhere.
21:50More and more refugees crammed themselves into the embassy
21:54and refused to leave.
22:08Hey, hey, hey!
22:10The Czech police made futile attempts to stop the inrush.
22:16Inside the embassy, the overcrowding and squalor
22:19grew worse day by day.
22:23Both German governments, East and West,
22:26were at their wit's end.
22:30West Germany's foreign minister, Hans-Dietrich Genscher,
22:34came to Prague.
22:35Under Soviet and West German pressure,
22:38Honecker had consented to a face-saving deal.
22:57The refugees could go to West Germany,
23:00but only if their train crossed East German territory first.
23:05Then Honecker could claim that he had expelled them
23:08and cancelled their citizenship.
23:30The train stopped.
23:32Two men opened the doors.
23:33Good day, we are from the state security
23:36and will collect your identity cards now.
23:39And I will never forget how they had to bend down
23:42to collect these documents,
23:44because the people threw their identity cards at their feet.
23:47The feeling was, there's your card,
23:49you can't threaten me anymore.
23:52It was very satisfying.
23:56Back in Prague, a new wave of refugees stormed the embassy fence.
24:04Get out!
24:09Their last chance of reaching the West seemed to be vanishing.
24:18Within a few days, another 7,000 people
24:21had scrambled into the embassy garden.
24:27Some East Germans chose to stay and protest.
24:34The Lutheran churches were sheltering an opposition movement.
24:38Inspired by Gorbachev,
24:40the protesters dreamed of turning East Germany into a democracy.
24:48Gorbachev gave us great hope.
24:52First of all, he tried to change his country
24:55in the same way as we wanted to change our country,
24:58through perestroika,
25:00a gradual liberalisation.
25:06In Leipzig, the police struck back.
25:09On September 4th,
25:11Western journalists filmed plain-clothed security men
25:14as they attacked the demonstrators.
25:16Soon came a new chant of defiance.
25:19We are staying here.
25:22We are staying here was a protest against what the GDR had done.
25:29Namely, to drive young people to leave the country
25:32because they had no place to go.
25:34We are staying here.
25:36We are staying here.
25:38We are staying here.
25:40We are staying here.
25:42We are staying here.
25:43To drive young people to leave the country
25:45because they had no prospects.
25:47That was a turning point.
25:49And people said,
25:51we still have hope.
25:54Every Monday in Leipzig,
25:56there were demonstrations at the Nikolai church.
25:59They swelled into mass protests.
26:05The police tried to stop them.
26:13But the government was losing its nerve.
26:20In short, we were speechless because we were helpless.
26:28Because this country and this leadership
26:32never before experienced a conflict
26:36which was so openly expressed.
26:39Only Honecker seemed to notice nothing amiss.
26:42On the eve of East Germany's 40th anniversary that October,
26:46he was confident as he waited with his colleague Egon Krentz
26:50to greet his senior guest, Mikhail Gorbachev.
26:56The Soviet delegation already knew
26:59that the East German regime was tottering.
27:05The outward presence of the GDR
27:08and a good show of victorious celebration went ahead.
27:15Then, at the torchlight parade of communist youth,
27:18the marchers dropped their rehearsed slogans.
27:22They began to chant another name.
27:26Gorby.
27:38Gorby! Gorby!
27:46Honecker pretended not to notice.
27:53These were specially chosen young people,
27:56strong and good-looking.
27:59They were in a cheerful mood,
28:02but they started chanting slogans.
28:05Gorby, help us!
28:08Gorby, stay here!
28:14Rakovsky, the Polish leader, came up to us and said,
28:17do you understand German?
28:19I said, I do a little bit.
28:21Can you hear?
28:23I said, I can.
28:25He said, this is the end.
28:27And that was the end.
28:29The regime was doomed.
28:31This was a vote of no confidence against us.
28:36Gorby, Gorby did not mean
28:39do it exactly as it was done in the Soviet Union.
28:42Gorby, Gorby meant we need change here in the GDR.
28:49In a series of increasingly surreal meetings,
28:52Gorbachev tried to inject a sense of reality.
28:55Honecker and I spent about three hours talking.
29:00He couldn't understand why I wanted a meeting.
29:04But we had a serious discussion.
29:10I told him what we were doing.
29:12He told me what they were doing.
29:14He described it all as one victory after another.
29:16But I said, he who lags behind events, loses.
29:26It was absolutely clear to me
29:28that both sides spoke about two completely different things.
29:35They did not try to meet in the middle.
29:40They did not try to meet in the middle.
29:43They did not try to meet in the middle.
29:47During the whole conversation,
29:49they did not agree on a single thing.
29:56As the leaders met at the closing reception,
29:59a plot was hatching against Erich Honecker.
30:02A group in the East German Politburo
30:04had decided to try and get rid of him.
30:09We could no longer afford to hesitate in removing Honecker.
30:13We had to act fast.
30:22You could see that he did not understand what was going on.
30:26He had an autocratic approach to what was happening around him.
30:30He couldn't cope with the situation.
30:42He could not cope with the situation.
30:49At dinner with Gorbachev
30:51and the leaders of the Warsaw Pact countries,
30:53Honecker was a complacent host.
30:56Meanwhile, a hostile crowd was gathering outside.
31:00Gabi, help us! Gabi, help us!
31:03Gabi, help us! Gabi, help us!
31:06Gabi! Gabi! Gabi! Gabi!
31:09Gabi! Gabi! Gabi!
31:12Gabi! Gabi! Gabi! Gabi!
31:31Honecker was planning to stamp out the new opposition.
31:34No one was sure how far he would go.
31:39There was a permanent fear
31:40that there might be a Chinese solution to the problem
31:44and that weapons might be used.
31:49We could never ignore this possibility.
31:55Sometimes we even thought that Soviet tanks might appear.
32:02That evening, the demonstrations in Berlin continued.
32:11Help! Help!
32:22In Leipzig, earlier that day,
32:24the authorities made ready to meet the demonstrations with armed force.
32:31On the afternoon of October 7th,
32:33the entire square was cordoned off by the police.
32:36It was the first time I saw the power of the police.
32:41They stood in a phalanx with their helmets and shields and face masks.
32:52And standing there right up to them,
32:54we felt their force and violence.
33:06That night, the police charged and scattered the demonstrators.
33:14But an even larger protest rally was called for two days later.
33:19The army was on standby.
33:23They realised that they could no longer control the events with the police alone.
33:29They wanted to use us to increase the pressure on the situation.
33:36Almost all paramilitary brigades were mobilised.
33:42The voluntary police force were out in strength.
33:48More than 8,000 men were armed and sent with their equipment to Leipzig.
33:57We were issued with twice as much ammunition as normal.
34:00Usually we had 60 rounds.
34:02Now they gave us 120 rounds.
34:06One of us had a friend at the hospital,
34:09and he'd heard that blood reserves had been ordered
34:12and spare beds were to be kept free on that day.
34:18The city was in a state of emergency.
34:22Shops had to close at five o'clock.
34:25We felt very intimidated.
34:31At work, people warned each other,
34:33don't go into town tonight.
34:36Who knows what's going to happen?
34:43As the Leipzig demonstration moved off,
34:46the local Communist Party leaders realised that 70,000 people were already on the streets.
34:53Alarmed, the Soviet ambassador telephoned the commander of Soviet forces in the region.
35:03I urge you to immediately order the troops back to the barracks.
35:07That's the first thing.
35:10Secondly, stop all manoeuvres.
35:16Third, stop all flights of military planes.
35:24And under no circumstances interfere in the developments.
35:28The Leipzig Communists begged the opposition to talk with them.
35:33Then, without higher orders,
35:35they pulled back the East German police and troops.
35:40The demonstration went off peacefully.
35:43For East Germans, this was the turning point.
35:49People almost fell into each other's arms and said,
35:52oh my goodness, now something is happening,
35:55and now finally we're starting to talk to each other.
36:00And if we talk to each other, we won't shoot at each other.
36:10Now, Honecker's allies deserted him.
36:13He was voted out of power by Egon Krenz and the entire Politburo on October 17th.
36:19It was high time for him to go.
36:22It would have been impossible for us to get out of this deep valley with him at the top,
36:27even if he'd mustered all his authority for change.
36:32Now, Egon Krenz was in charge.
36:35He promised democratic reforms.
36:38He assured the people that he would make it easier for East Germans to travel west,
36:42and that he would make it easier for East Germans to get out of this valley.
36:45He would make it easier for East Germans to travel west,
36:48the issue which had set off the whole crisis.
36:54Of course, we felt under tremendous pressure.
36:57It was non-stop.
37:03We had to make a move.
37:08On November 1st, Krenz visited Gorbachev in Moscow.
37:16We talked very openly about the question of free travel,
37:21and he said to me,
37:24if you don't find a new formula which allows the GDR citizens to travel,
37:28then things won't look good for you.
37:32Egon Krenz was unfortunately devoid of any charismatic qualities.
37:37He wasn't accepted by the people.
37:40He wasn't attractive to the masses.
37:46He couldn't find the words to speak to people,
37:50because he only spoke the old party jargon.
37:58By 89, many people had left Moscow.
38:02By 89, many people, myself included,
38:06were no longer prepared to look for dialogue.
38:10I remember that we said,
38:13now our readiness for dialogue has expired.
38:16Now it's confrontation.
38:21In vain, Krenz offered new freedoms.
38:24The street demonstrations grew bigger and asked for more.
38:28In East Berlin, on November 4th,
38:31a crowd of half a million people gathered.
38:58If you live in a system that is suppressive,
39:02you don't walk upright.
39:05You always go this way,
39:08with your head down.
39:11And now was a chance to walk upright
39:15and to show your face
39:18and to show the power of the people.
39:21On November 9th, 1989,
39:23GĂĽnter Schabowski told journalists in Berlin
39:27that restrictions on travel to the West would be lifted.
39:31The government meant the change to start next day,
39:35but Schabowski mistook the timing.
39:54The news flashed around the city.
39:57East Berliners rushed to see
40:00if the checkpoints in the wall were really opening.
40:24The border guards were baffled.
40:29We didn't get any instructions from our superiors, none.
40:34Only, observe the situation.
40:40We tried many times to speak to our superiors,
40:43but nobody got back to us.
40:54You have to bear in mind
40:57that our soldiers were fully armed on this day, as always.
41:01And they had one order.
41:05That order was to stop anyone trying to escape.
41:09But the crowds were huge now.
41:13Suddenly, the guards gave in.
41:19They opened the barriers.
41:21They opened the borders
41:42and didn't take any countermeasures.
41:45They didn't consult me or get my approval.
41:51I didn't know what to do.
42:16I found myself in a group of people who were applauding.
42:19I didn't understand right away why.
42:22Then I realised I really was in West Berlin
42:26and West Berliners had come to the border
42:29and they were applauding us.
42:33We were all crying and embracing each other.
42:36Even now, when I look back, my heart is racing.
42:40It was so moving.
42:49Let's see. It's dreamlike.
42:52And then back again.
42:55Today?
42:57Yes, today.
42:59It's crazy.
43:0228 years. That's the time.
43:05I'm very happy.
43:08West Berliners arrived from the other direction.
43:12They began to demolish the wall in front of the Brandenburg Gate.
43:20Stop!
43:33There was a common idea.
43:36Now we have to get rid of the wall.
43:40Everybody had different reasons.
43:45For me, it was that I had relatives on the other side
43:49and I couldn't come over.
43:59When I remembered my aunt and how I couldn't see her before she died,
44:03it made me so angry.
44:06It was liberating to do something against the wall.
44:19Come on, let's do it again.
44:50We want the Berlin Wall!
44:53We want the Berlin Wall!
44:56We want the Berlin Wall!
44:59We want the Berlin Wall!
45:04Next morning I got a phone call.
45:07They told me what had happened.
45:10I said, you made the right decision.
45:13Because how could you shoot at Germans who walk across the border
45:16to meet other Germans on the other side?
45:19I said, no.
45:25Across this wall, two worlds had faced each other in arms.
45:33Now their enmity was dumped into history.
45:39Germany would be reunited.
45:42But Europe's revolution against communism was not yet done.
45:49The Berlin Wall
45:52Berlin Wall
45:55Berlin Wall
45:58Berlin Wall
46:01Berlin Wall
46:04Berlin Wall
46:07Berlin Wall
46:10Berlin Wall
46:13Berlin Wall
46:16Berlin Wall
46:19Berlin Wall