WW2 World in Conflict_1of2_1931-1944
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00:00:30We will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we
00:01:00will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up,
00:01:30we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up, we will never give up
00:02:00fought with fanatical courage.
00:02:14Against them, Mussolini sent modern tanks, artillery and planes against which the primitive forces of Ethiopia were defenseless.
00:02:30The battle was fierce.
00:02:32The battle was fierce.
00:02:34The battle was fierce.
00:02:36The battle was fierce.
00:02:38The battle was fierce.
00:02:40The battle was fierce.
00:02:42The battle was fierce.
00:02:44The battle was fierce.
00:02:46The battle was fierce.
00:02:48The battle was fierce.
00:02:50The battle was fierce.
00:02:52The battle was fierce.
00:02:54The battle was fierce.
00:02:56The battle was fierce.
00:02:58The battle was fierce.
00:03:02The League of Nations proved powerless to stop the naked aggression and in 1937,
00:03:08using a manufactured provocation at the Marco Polo Bridge, the Japanese invaded China proper and full-scale war breaks out in Asia.
00:03:16The world stands by while the Japanese army marches through the ancient land in a sweeping tide of conquest.
00:03:58while her modern air force ravages the cities of China with merciless attacks.
00:04:21America slumbers on, blissfully relying on isolationism and neutrality to isolate her
00:04:27from the distant storm.
00:04:29Another war, not for me. This time America should keep out, and I know I will.
00:04:34And all our efforts should be made to keep out of the fight.
00:04:37We're not even awakened when the Japanese bomb the USS Panay,
00:04:41clearly marked American gunboat, on the Yangtze River, and three American sailors die.
00:04:57The Japanese apologize, wish to express their sincerest and profoundest regrets to the American
00:05:18government and people on account of this deplorable incident.
00:05:23America and the world do not react, and the aggressors take note.
00:05:28Germany has already rebuilt her military forces and reoccupies the Rhineland.
00:05:49Then in March of 1938, Hitler sends his rapidly modernizing and expanding forces into Austria
00:05:56in a bloodless invasion, a rehearsal of things to come.
00:06:08There is consternation in Europe's capitals, but no action is taken.
00:06:33Czechoslovakia will be next. Hitler demands the Sudetenland be returned to the Germanic fold.
00:06:53The world holds its collective breath and gives a sigh of relief with the Munich Pact.
00:07:11Without firing a shot or dropping a bomb, Hitler's military machine had won for him a great victory.
00:07:18But Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain thought he had achieved peace.
00:07:21Peace in our time.
00:07:241939, and the fires of war in China were still raging.
00:07:40Half a world away, Czechoslovakia, dismembered by the Munich Pact, fell to Hitler with our battle.
00:07:56Hitler demanded that Poland surrender the Baltic seaport of Danzig with its strategic corridor to the sea,
00:08:02a prize lost by Germany in 1920 at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Poland did not yield.
00:08:18In defiance of British and French warnings, the Nazis, after making a secret non-aggression pact with Russia,
00:08:24invaded Poland September 1st, 1939 with their smashing blitzkrieg tactics.
00:08:30The heroic Poles fought the invaders with a courage that was phenomenal, a feudal against overwhelming odds.
00:09:001940s, the Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:06The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:10The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:12The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:14The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:16The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:18The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:20The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:22The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:24The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:26The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:28The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:30The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:32The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:34The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:36The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:38The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:40The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:42The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:44The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:46The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:48The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:50The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:52The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:54The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:56The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:09:58The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:00The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:02The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:04The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:06The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:08The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:10The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:12The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:14The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:16The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:18The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:20The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:22The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:24The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:26The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:28The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:30The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:32The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:34The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:36The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:38The Polish-Lithuanian war broke out in the Baltic Sea.
00:10:40The fiery curtain to Act I of World War II was raised.
00:11:00Britain and France declared war.
00:11:02The die was cast.
00:11:10Now British Prime Minister Chamberlain knew there would be no peace in our time.
00:11:18The United States proclaimed its neutrality, just as it had at the beginning of World War I.
00:11:40Three thousand miles of Atlantic Ocean, it seemed, were still an ample safeguard for the immediate defense of our nation.
00:11:47In a cynical agreement, Germany and Russia had partitioned conquered Poland.
00:11:56Soon, Russia attacked little Finland.
00:11:59The valiant Fens fought the Russians to a standoff.
00:12:10In China, the two Asian giants continued their struggle to the death.
00:12:37With the rest of the world exploding into violent war, the New York World's Fair opened to throngs of peaceful and pleasure-loving Americans.
00:13:01The wars in Europe and Asia were still far away.
00:13:05We read about them in the newspapers and watched the unfolding events in our newsreels.
00:13:18Again, as at the beginning of World War I, we had proclaimed our traditional neutrality.
00:13:28Millions of Americans were more interested in Joe DiMaggio and the New York Yankees taking four straight from Cincinnati in the World Series
00:13:35than they were in the deadly games being played in Europe and Asia, where aggressors were out to take all.
00:13:55In a grim international game of war, the aggressor teams were pitching and running the bases in what then looked like a shutout.
00:14:01But the World Series and that big league had yet to be played.
00:14:09Three years before, General Douglas MacArthur had retired from active duty to become military advisor to the Philippines.
00:14:18Dwight D. Eisenhower, then a field grade officer, was a member of MacArthur's staff.
00:14:23By coincidence, General George C. Marshall was appointed chief of staff the same day the Nazis invaded Poland.
00:14:31Omar N. Bradley was a member of the War Department's general staff.
00:14:35Leslie J. McNair was executive officer in the office of the chief of field artillery.
00:14:42George S. Patton, Jr., a colonel then, was post commander of Fort Myer in Virginia.
00:14:49Mark Clark was a member of the staff of the 3rd Division at Fort Lewis, Washington.
00:14:55Their commander in chief, the President of the United States, took the first step that was to make America the arsenal of democracy.
00:15:03In November 1939, Roosevelt signed a bill removing the Arms Embargo Act.
00:15:08Now we could supply the implements of war to England and France on a cash and carry basis.
00:15:17Full scale land lease was still in the future, but our neutrality was starting to crack.
00:15:23The wheels of our industrial complex were beginning to turn.
00:15:27The slumbering, complacent giant among nations was awakening.
00:15:38Slowly, we began to increase our military manpower.
00:15:41The Army was authorized to recruit some 83,000 men.
00:15:46The Marine Corps, 10,000.
00:15:54The Navy, 42,000.
00:15:57But our combined military establishment was still less than half a million men, hardly a token force in light of world events.
00:16:05Only a small handful of our forces was adequately equipped and partially trained for combat.
00:16:14In the spring of 1940, the Nazi war machine rolled into Denmark and into Norway.
00:16:20The gallant but small Norwegian Army was forced to withdraw to last-ditch positions in the north.
00:16:26♪♪
00:16:50Holland was brutally crushed.
00:16:52In one deadly swoop, the Nazis overran Belgium, Luxembourg, and smashed across the French frontier.
00:16:58It was blitzkrieg, lightning war.
00:17:01♪♪
00:17:07The aggressors struck with massive air power.
00:17:09♪♪
00:17:19With armor, with mobile artillery, strike fast and strike hard with overwhelming ruthless force.
00:17:26♪♪
00:17:43Destroy entire cities.
00:17:45Reduce them to ashes and rubble, along with the charred bones of their inferior civilian population.
00:17:52Show no mercy.
00:17:54Destroy the will to fight.
00:17:55Show them the hopelessness of resistance.
00:17:58Those were Hitler's orders.
00:18:01The British rushed in what combat-ready troops they had
00:18:05to try and help the French stem the German tidal wave that was sweeping the continent.
00:18:09♪♪
00:18:22In Britain, Winston Churchill, an indomitable man of the century,
00:18:27born of an English father and an American mother, took over the reins of government.
00:18:32♪♪
00:18:37In America, another great leader put before Congress and the nation the urgent need for defense.
00:18:43These are ominous days.
00:18:46Days whose swift and shocking developments
00:18:50force every neutral nation to look to its defenses in the light of new factors.
00:18:58The brutal force of modern offensive war has been loosed in all its horror.
00:19:08Surely the developments of the past few weeks have made it clear to all of our citizens
00:19:16that the possibility of attack on vital American zones ought to make it essential
00:19:25that we have the physical, the ready ability to meet those attacks
00:19:32and to prevent them from reaching their objective.
00:19:36Our task is plain.
00:19:39The road we must take is clearly indicated.
00:19:43Our defenses must be invulnerable.
00:19:47Our security, absolute.
00:19:51The French army was fast disintegrating.
00:19:54British forces were saved from annihilation or capture by the miraculous evacuation at Dunkirk.
00:19:59♪♪
00:20:24Italy declared war against France and Britain.
00:20:28♪♪
00:20:34Paris, undefended, fell like a ripe plop into the Nazi basket of conquests.
00:20:40♪♪
00:20:59What remained of the French army retreated to Mediterranean ports for evacuation to North Africa
00:21:04to live to fight another day and help win the victory.
00:21:09♪♪
00:21:20Hitler signed an armistice with France and became master of all Western Europe.
00:21:25He could now concentrate on the destruction of his greatest adversary, England.
00:21:31♪♪
00:21:59Only Britain, fighting for her life, and the Atlantic Ocean stood between the United States
00:22:04and what was then the most powerful conquering armed force the world had ever known.
00:22:09♪♪
00:22:14On the 1st of September, 1940, in response to the growing peril,
00:22:18President Roosevelt called up 60,000 National Guardsmen from 26 states for one year's service.
00:22:25In the same month, for the third time in its history, Congress enacted a Selective Service Bill.
00:22:31♪♪
00:22:36Sixteen million Americans registered for the draft.
00:22:40♪♪
00:22:45There were some who asked, why me?
00:22:52But the majority knew why.
00:22:54And despite any inner emotional conflicts, they responded in the same spirit as had their forefathers.
00:23:00They knew that the gutty men who made and preserved this nation never asked, why me?
00:23:06These were men who could look anyone in the eye and say,
00:23:09I'm proud to be an American and to serve my country in its time of need.
00:23:13♪♪
00:23:17From the cities, the towns, the villages, the farms, the plains and the mountains they came.
00:23:24Citizens from every walk of life,
00:23:26who would soon prove themselves to be soldiers in the finest traditions of the American fighting man.
00:23:31♪♪
00:23:35Within a year, our army grew to 1,500,000 men.
00:23:39It would continue to grow to a peak strength of 8 million.
00:23:42They had to be trained to combat hardness
00:23:44if they were to meet and destroy an enemy already toughened and blooded by combat.
00:23:48A new and mighty army was being forged along new lines
00:23:51to meet the challenge of improved enemy weapons, new tactics, new strategies.
00:23:58At last, our top military leaders were being given the wherewithal
00:24:01to implement plans they had made for the defense of America
00:24:04under direction of George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff.
00:24:10General Leslie McNair was charged with directing the gigantic training program.
00:24:15General Somerville was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of supply.
00:24:19His was to be a superhuman task.
00:24:23Dwight D. Eisenhower was to have a meeting with destiny.
00:24:29General Hap Arnold, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army Air Corps,
00:24:33stepped up the training of much needed pilots.
00:24:38America was rising up out of the rut of her apathy.
00:24:42She was beginning to understand the hard fact that she was an integral part of the world,
00:24:47a world that suddenly had become one of violence and brutality,
00:24:51one in which America would have to fight to the death if she were to survive.
00:25:02While we were marshalling our resources,
00:25:04England was being given the bloodbath Hitler had promised.
00:25:08Britain's Royal Air Force fought night and day, taking a heavy toll of Nazi bombers,
00:25:13inspiring Winston Churchill's famous statement that
00:25:16never had so many owed so much to so few.
00:25:37Americans knew what would happen to the United States if Britain fell.
00:25:42Our response to the desperate plea for help came late,
00:25:45but not too late, in 1940.
00:25:48It is the purpose of the nation to build now, with all possible speed,
00:25:54every machine and arsenal and factory that we need to manufacture our defense material.
00:26:02We have the men, the skill, the wealth, and above all, the will.
00:26:12We must be the great arsenal of democracy.
00:26:17In North Africa, British forces were fighting an Italian drive upon Egypt.
00:26:25Nazi and fascist troops smashed into the Balkans, into Greece.
00:26:29The Greeks fought with their traditional courage, but were overwhelmed by the Nazi tidal wave.
00:26:341940 was a black year for what was left of the free world.
00:26:411941 was to be an even blacker year,
00:26:44during which the aggressors attacked the only two remaining major powers not yet at war,
00:26:48Russia and the United States.
00:26:51For the aggressors, it was to be the world or nothing.
00:26:58In June 1941, Hitler suddenly unleashed his forces against Soviet Russia.
00:27:28Sorely wounded, the Russian bear retreated, falling back before the onrushing Nazi legions.
00:27:50There was only one major power in the free world to go, the militarily weak United States.
00:28:02Now she stood alone.
00:28:04But how long could she stand?
00:28:09The Asian Axis partner thought she had an answer to that,
00:28:13one that would complete the aggressor's pattern for conquest of the entire world.
00:28:35It was a quiet Sunday morning in Hawaii.
00:28:38A newly risen sun shone on beautiful Oahu.
00:28:42It was symbolic.
00:28:44It was the last time we were to be caught napping by a rising sun.
00:29:42The surprise attack was a staggering blow to our Navy at Pearl Harbor.
00:29:53Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
00:30:06The United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
00:30:19I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941,
00:30:38a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
00:30:49The immediate Japanese military objective was to knock out United States naval and air power in the Pacific in a single stroke.
00:30:58The reason that we were committed to eventual entrance in the war in Europe convinced that we were incapable of fighting a two-front war.
00:31:09The Japanese were right in their calculations to the extent that Roosevelt and Churchill were to agree that the defeat of Hitler,
00:31:15the most powerful of our enemies, must have priority over an offensive against Japan.
00:31:23They followed sound principles of warfare to concentrate the greatest mass of power against the major objective.
00:31:31It would be nearly a year before we could muster, train, and move an army overseas to attack the strongest of the aggressors.
00:31:44The first American troops to go into action and engage the enemy were those already in the Philippines under General Douglas MacArthur,
00:31:51whose forces would fight not only that first battle, but after more than three long years of combat, the final battle against the last of the aggressors.
00:32:06Three days after Pearl Harbor, Japanese troops landed on Luzon's north coast.
00:32:34The following day, still another Japanese landing was made on Luzon's east coast.
00:33:02On the 21st of December, the main Japanese invasion force hit the eastern shore of the Lingayen Gulf.
00:33:09Troops came pouring ashore from 80 transports.
00:33:23The Japanese onslaught gave General MacArthur only one choice, fight a delaying action, try to regroup his forces.
00:33:31It was a monumental task. The Japanese had struck swiftly, suddenly, devastatingly.
00:33:37They pressed forward, unchecked.
00:33:56To save Manila from war's destruction, General MacArthur declared it an open city.
00:34:02Ignoring such humanitarian consideration, the Japanese bombed Manila.
00:34:24On the last day of 1941, MacArthur withdrew to the mountainous terrain of the Bataan Peninsula, for Bataan and Corregidor commanded Manila Bay.
00:34:47MacArthur's objective was to delay the enemy's entrance to the bay.
00:35:14MacArthur and his battling bastards of Bataan, as the troops in grim humor call themselves, knew they were fighting a losing battle.
00:35:44But they fought on, gaining precious time for us to recover from the disaster at Pearl Harbor and build up our forces.
00:36:14There were other prime targets marked by the Japanese.
00:36:20In December 1941, they took Hong Kong and invaded Malaya.
00:36:44They bombed British Singapore and its great naval base.
00:36:47The British fought back, but it was the same losing fight that our troops were waging in Bataan.
00:37:12On New Year's Day 1942, the siege of Bataan began.
00:37:20Superior Japanese forces pounded our beleaguered troops for three long and agonizing months.
00:37:44On February 22, 1942, President Roosevelt ordered General MacArthur to leave the Philippines and proceed to Australia as Supreme Allied Commander in the Southwest Pacific.
00:37:55MacArthur turned over his command to General Jonathan Wainwright.
00:38:09MacArthur made the first leg of his journey to Australia by PT boat through enemy infested waters.
00:38:19And then by plane from Mindanao.
00:38:25Bataan fell on the 9th of April, 1942.
00:38:29Thousands of captured American and Filipino prisoners of war began their infamous death march.
00:38:45Hundreds were to die, felled by exhaustion and by the bayonets of their captors.
00:38:52To those self-designated battling bastards of Bataan who starved and fought on, the nation owes a debt it can never repay.
00:39:00Theirs was a heroism seldom matched.
00:39:07Corregidor remained our last foothold.
00:39:11What once had seemed an impregnable rock fortress now awaited its inevitable doom.
00:39:37The fortunes of the United States and its allies were at their lowest ebb.
00:39:47But the Japanese were soon to learn that their homeland was vulnerable to surprise attack.
00:39:53April 18, 1942, 16 B-25 bombers led by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle prepared to take off from the deck of the aircraft carrier Hornet.
00:40:03Their target, Tokyo and four other major Japanese cities with carefully selected military targets.
00:40:10It was only nine days after the fall of Bataan.
00:40:31Never before had such a carrier-based operation been attempted.
00:40:47The psychological effects of the raid on Tokyo were even greater than the material damage inflicted.
00:40:53It raised the morale of all Americans.
00:40:56It shocked the enemy into realization that we had the will and the wherewithal to carry the war to the heart of his own homeland.
00:41:06Three weeks later, United States Navy planes of a carrier task force struck the Japanese fleet a damaging blow in the Coral Sea.
00:41:14The first naval battle in history to be fought entirely with carrier-based aircraft.
00:41:42While the Navy was starting to make a comeback, General Wainwright surrendered Corregidor.
00:41:57A proud old soldier who had fought in World War I and who now at the age of 59 was surrendering his sword without cause for shame.
00:42:05For he and his men had fought in the finest tradition of the American fighting man.
00:42:18Our stubborn defense of Corregidor had put the Japanese conquest four months behind schedule and sent General Hama back to Japan relieved of his command.
00:42:33In January of 1942, President Roosevelt had addressed Congress and the nation to set new and immediate production goals.
00:42:43The goal was to increase our production rate of airplanes so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we shall produce 60,000 planes.
00:42:58Ten thousand.
00:43:04Ten thousand, by the way, more than the goal that we set a year and a half ago.
00:43:11That includes 45,000 combat planes, bombers, dive bombers, pursuit planes.
00:43:20The rate of increase will be maintained, continued, so that next year, 1943, we shall produce 125,000 airplanes, including 100,000 combat planes.
00:43:39Second, to increase our production rate of tanks so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we shall produce 45,000 tanks.
00:44:00And to continue that increase so that next year, 1943, we shall produce 75,000 tanks.
00:44:13Third, to increase our production rate of anti-aircraft guns so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we shall produce 20,000 of them.
00:44:26And to continue that increase so that next year, 1943, we shall produce 35,000 anti-aircraft guns.
00:44:37And fourth, to increase our production rate of merchant ships so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we shall build 8 million deadweight tons
00:44:53as compared with a 1941 completed production of 1,100,000.
00:45:07Immense forces were mobilizing.
00:45:24Millions of Americans were in training.
00:45:34The infantry.
00:45:38Airborne infantry.
00:45:42Field artillery.
00:45:48Anti-aircraft artillery.
00:45:54Armored cavalry.
00:45:58Army Air Corps pilots by the thousands.
00:46:07Woman power as well as manpower.
00:46:24The vitality of all America was surging up to full time.
00:46:28American labor and management performed miracles.
00:46:37Planes, tanks, guns, ammunition.
00:46:44Tens of thousands of items rolled off the lines to supply not only ourselves but our fighting allies.
00:46:53On the home front, 1942 was a momentous year.
00:47:18Great plans and stratagems were being laid and coordinated.
00:47:24Supplies by the millions of tons poured overseas.
00:47:39Nazi submarines took a heavy toll.
00:47:53But enough ships got through to help sustain our beleaguered allies.
00:48:05In the air, the tables were starting to turn.
00:48:091,000 Royal Air Force planes in a single massive saturation raid smashed Cologne, Germany.
00:48:23In the Pacific, our naval aircraft inflicted the first decisive defeat on a large Japanese fleet, winning the Battle of Midway.
00:48:53It was an hour of triumph.
00:49:20There would be others, but they would be slow in coming.
00:49:27Having gained a respite from attack in the Pacific, General Douglas MacArthur, commander in the Southwest Pacific,
00:49:33and Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander of the Pacific Fleet, were planning America's first offensive of the war.
00:49:40It would come in early August of 1942 when the fighting Marines stormed ashore on Guadalcanal,
00:49:47the first of many invasions of the Japanese-held island.
00:49:51There would be many more to come.
00:49:55In Europe, Canadian commandos tested the German defenses in the ill-fated raid on the French Channel port of Kiev.
00:50:02The landing ended in disaster for the valiant Canadians, but the lessons learned will save thousands of lives in landings to come.
00:50:13The first of our troops began arriving at overseas staging areas in North Ireland, England, Australia.
00:50:31On bloody Guadalcanal, Army troops relieved battle-scarred and weary Marines to continue the fight for the Solomon Islands.
00:50:39The United States was demonstrating not only a will to fight, but the capability of fighting a two-front war against great odds
00:50:46on far-flung battlefronts half a world apart.
00:51:08On the 8th of November, 1942, American amphibious forces struck the shores of North Africa.
00:51:38We were, to use an appropriate American phrase, in business.
00:51:55The business of an all-out fight against powerful aggressors who had reached out to conquer the world.
00:52:01We had come thousands of miles, but not for conquest.
00:52:31In 1942, the commander of our ground forces, General Leslie McNair, said it best.
00:52:42The United States is stretching out its arms to encircle the globe, not in conquest, but in protection.
00:52:50Even with our powerful allies, the task is vast and calls for our utmost all-out effort.
00:53:18Our armed forces were encircling the earth in a mighty crusade for freedom.
00:53:25Nothing like it has happened in all of the history of man.
00:53:29It was the dynamic outpouring of a great nation's energy, blood, and resources to protect not only itself,
00:53:36but to liberate freedom-loving people everywhere.
00:53:44We had come a long way, but the end of the road was far from within sight.
00:53:50We had only just begun to fight.
00:53:59By winter 1942, one year after Pearl Harbor, our fighting forces were building up fast
00:54:06around the world, fighting beside Australian troops in New Guinea
00:54:16and on Guadalcanal, where they had taken over from the long-embattled Marines.
00:54:31Large-scale amphibious landings had been made successfully in Africa,
00:54:40joining up with the British and the fighting French.
00:54:50Other Army units were arriving in overseas staging areas in North Ireland, England, and Australia.
00:54:59As our combat and support forces began to encircle the globe,
00:55:03our lengthening supply lines were stretched to the utmost.
00:55:15An Army cannot fight without food, clothing, weapons, ammunition, medical supplies and services,
00:55:21transportation, armor, and aircraft that must be constantly supplied with fuel
00:55:29and as constantly serviced, repaired, or replaced.
00:55:38During the fighting for the vast stretches of arid desert land in North Africa,
00:55:42German General von Ravenstein, commander of the 31st Panzer Division,
00:55:47remarked that North Africa is a tactician's paradise and a quartermaster's hell.
00:55:53An American or Allied commander could very well have made the same statement.
00:56:08On the other side of the world, in the southwest Pacific,
00:56:11support for the combat troops was even more difficult, an entirely different kind of warfare.
00:56:25Logistics is the transportation, supply, and quartering of troops.
00:56:38Procurement of all required military equipment and materials,
00:56:41shipping and distributing cargo to the right place to arrive at the right time.
00:56:46In World War II, American military planners successfully solved
00:56:50the biggest logistics problems the world has ever known.
00:56:54Our lines of supply fanned out like a network around the world,
00:57:01extending northward to Alaska and the Aleutians,
00:57:06to the Panama Canal, westward across the Pacific to a chain of islands,
00:57:12on to China by way of India, to Burma, to Australia,
00:57:21eastward across the Atlantic to North Africa, the length of the Mediterranean,
00:57:27the Middle East and the southern route through the Persian Gulf, Russia,
00:57:32to Great Britain, Iceland, and to Russia by way of Murmansk in the far north,
00:57:41and ultimately the entire continent of Europe.
00:57:47Under Lend-Lease, we shipped to our allies approximately $25 billion worth of war material.
00:57:55These included approximately 850,000 pieces of equipment,
00:58:00tanks, locomotives, trucks.
00:58:11Free French forces in North Africa were supplied enough arms and material
00:58:15to equip 12 combat divisions.
00:58:24Millions of dollars worth of supplies went to China.
00:58:30Flown there from India.
00:58:48To Russia alone, over the submarine-infested route to Murmansk,
00:58:52went almost a half million pieces of heavy equipment,
00:58:56railroad rolling stock and clothing.
00:59:02Vast stores of munitions and equipment went to England and her Commonwealth.
00:59:10All this while we were supplying our own widely deployed forces
00:59:14and building mountains of supplies for the invasion of Europe yet to come.
00:59:20The miracle of supply achieved by the United States in World War II was unimaginable.
00:59:25It represented the outpouring of a great nation's energies and resources,
00:59:30not for conquest, but to win freedom for men who would be free everywhere.
00:59:41Mighty America had come fully alive.
00:59:45A revitalized agriculture reached the largest food production goals in the history of mankind.
00:59:51Food not only for ourselves and our allies,
00:59:54but for the hungry populations of the countries our armies would liberate and occupy.
01:00:22World War II
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01:00:53Industrial output staggered the imagination,
01:00:56brought renewed hope to our hard-pressed allies,
01:00:59dismay and consternation to the aggressors.
01:01:03It amazed even ourselves.
01:01:17World War II
01:01:33At long last, the United States had come of age,
01:01:36had found a vice company, a strength and a will to do
01:01:40that was phenomenal in all the annals of men and nations.
01:01:48World War II
01:02:01Great convoys of ships stretched out as far as the eye could see.
01:02:05Carrying the millions of tons of cargo, we kept pouring overseas.
01:02:18World War II
01:02:29All of this in support of G.I. Joe.
01:02:37And who was G.I. Joe?
01:02:41He was the oft-times grimy, unshaven, heart and soul,
01:02:45blood and guts of America, the citizen-soldier,
01:02:49the immortal image of the American fighting man
01:02:52whose forefathers had starved and frozen at Valley Forge
01:02:55to fight on and triumph at Yorktown
01:02:58and again a few years later at the Battle of New Orleans.
01:03:04He had been a raw recruit at Bull Rock,
01:03:07but emerged the victor at Gettysburg
01:03:09and the winner of a great and tragic civil war at Appomattox.
01:03:13He was the man who told the enemy to defeat at Château Thierry,
01:03:17at Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse Archive.
01:03:20He was and is the American soldier personified.
01:03:31And who were his leaders?
01:03:35Marshall.
01:03:38Eisenhower.
01:03:41MacArthur.
01:03:43Bradley.
01:03:45Patton.
01:03:47Men who possessed the indomitable spirit and genius of Washington.
01:03:51Grant.
01:03:53Robert E. Lee.
01:03:56John J. Pershing.
01:03:58This was the heritage of American military leadership in World War II,
01:04:02a heritage they could not and would not fail.
01:04:05Their one and only goal, victory.
01:04:10From bus privates to four-star generals,
01:04:13these were the priceless outpouring of America's greatest resource,
01:04:16the product of more than a century and a half of freedom,
01:04:19of democracy in action,
01:04:21of a great dream that their forefathers had fought for
01:04:24and made a reality,
01:04:26and which these, their sons, were fighting to preserve.
01:04:33But even amidst the tensions of war,
01:04:36there were precious hours of respite
01:04:38in which battle-weary men found rest and relaxation
01:04:41and brief moments of humor.
01:04:50But when they fought, they fought to win.
01:04:55Theirs was a sublime dedication.
01:04:58Theirs was a glory the world would not soon forget.
01:05:02While the fighting was continuing in North Africa,
01:05:05President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met at Casablanca
01:05:08to determine further strategical moves.
01:05:11They agreed on four major points.
01:05:13Invade Sicily and Italy at the first opportunity.
01:05:16Intensify counterattacks against Hitler's submarines
01:05:19and launch a combined bomber offensive on Germany.
01:05:22Begin preparing for a major offensive in the Pacific.
01:05:25Accept nothing short of unconditional surrender
01:05:28as a basis for ending the war.
01:05:30This was the kind of positive, top-level determination
01:05:34the free world had long awaited.
01:05:36There was swift response on all fighting fronts.
01:05:43Tripoli fell to the British Eighth Army.
01:05:56In bitter fighting, Nazi tanks hurled back allied forces
01:06:00to the Algerian border.
01:06:17But then, combined American, British, and French units
01:06:20stopped the German advance
01:06:22and overran Tunisia.
01:06:37In the Pacific, on bloody Guadalcanal,
01:06:40fighting an entirely different kind of warfare,
01:06:43United States troops overcame the last fanatical Japanese resistance
01:06:47and won complete control of the region.
01:06:51In the Battle of the Bismarck Sea,
01:06:53allied bombers sank eight transports and four destroyers
01:06:56of a Japanese convoy of 16 ships.
01:07:00In the Battle of the Bismarck Sea,
01:07:02allied bombers sank eight transports and four destroyers
01:07:05of a Japanese convoy of 16 ships.
01:07:29♪♪
01:07:56181 days after the allied landings in North Africa,
01:08:00Tunis and Bizerte fell before the drive
01:08:03of American, British, and French forces.
01:08:06♪♪
01:08:25The drive reached its full fury with lightning speed
01:08:28in the air and on the ground.
01:08:30The enemy was hit harder and harder,
01:08:33crushed in a fight from which there was no escape.
01:08:37♪♪
01:09:05♪♪
01:09:30♪♪
01:09:58In five days, all German resistance in Tunisia collapsed.
01:10:04The Axis forces surrendered.
01:10:08The myth of Hitler's super race was beginning to crack.
01:10:12♪♪
01:10:33In the faraway Aleutian Islands,
01:10:35American troops had landed on Attu.
01:10:38♪♪
01:10:46♪♪
01:11:15Still farther away in New Guinea,
01:11:17American and Australian troops drove back
01:11:19the stubborn and fanatical enemy
01:11:21in close fighting in malaria-infested jungle.
01:11:24♪♪
01:11:46Among the battle casualties we had suffered
01:11:48while fighting in the Buna area
01:11:50were three of our general officers.
01:11:53They fought in action within less than 100 yards
01:11:56of the Japanese lines.
01:11:58♪♪
01:12:03From victories on the deserts of North Africa...
01:12:06♪♪
01:12:10...the fog-bound Aleutians...
01:12:12♪♪
01:12:19...to the tropical island of Guadalcanal
01:12:21and the New Guinea jungles,
01:12:22where our troops were driving forward
01:12:24against desperate Japanese resistance,
01:12:26we had indeed spread our forces around the world.
01:12:30Who was it that once said
01:12:32the United States was incapable of fighting in front war?
01:12:36♪♪
01:12:41Within less than 16 months,
01:12:43the United States Navy had performed a miracle of salvage.
01:12:47♪♪
01:12:50Of all the ships sunk or damaged on December 7, 1941,
01:12:53at Pearl Harbor,
01:12:55all but three were back in service
01:12:57and in fighting trim by May, 1943.
01:13:00♪♪
01:13:02An achievement on a scale unequaled in naval history.
01:13:06♪♪
01:13:21♪♪
01:13:28♪♪
01:13:45In Russia, the Germans had taken virtually all of Stalingrad
01:13:48by late 1942.
01:13:50Their conquest was short-lived.
01:13:53♪♪
01:13:57Early in 1943, the Russians launched a massive counterattack.
01:14:02♪♪
01:14:07Retook Stalingrad, destroying a Nazi army of 330,000,
01:14:12capturing 17 of Hitler's generals.
01:14:16♪♪
01:14:22The tide had started to turn in Russia.
01:14:26♪♪
01:14:37In June of 1943, hundreds of Royal Air Force planes
01:14:41engaged in a nonstop aerial offensive over occupied Europe
01:14:45that continued unremittingly for 10 days.
01:14:49♪♪
01:14:58♪♪
01:15:08♪♪
01:15:13While the tide was turning in the air over Hitler's fortress Europe,
01:15:16American Army, Navy, and Air Forces,
01:15:19along with those of Australia and New Zealand,
01:15:21launched a concerted offensive to drive the Japanese out of New Guinea
01:15:25and the northern Solomon Islands.
01:15:27♪♪
01:15:37♪♪
01:15:47♪♪
01:15:54♪♪
01:16:01♪♪
01:16:08Enemy forces on Rendova Island were wiped out.
01:16:12Our troops strolled for the Munda Airfield on New Georgia Island.
01:16:16♪♪
01:16:45In Russia, massive Soviet and German armies clashed
01:16:48in the largest tank battle in the history of armored combat at Kursk.
01:16:52The battle ended with both sides exhausted,
01:16:55but the Germans had failed to penetrate the Russian front
01:16:58and had taken losses they could never recoup.
01:17:01♪♪
01:17:15With all of North Africa in allied hands,
01:17:18preparations for Operation Husky were begun immediately
01:17:21to attack the soft underbelly of Europe.
01:17:24The immediate target, Sissel.
01:17:26Little time was lost.
01:17:28♪♪
01:17:34Only 60 days after the surrender of Axis forces in North Africa,
01:17:38Patton's Seventh Army invaded Sicily simultaneously
01:17:41with British and Canadian troops under Montgomery.
01:17:44♪♪
01:17:52♪♪
01:18:07Some 3,000 craft were employed to land an initial force of 160,000 troops.
01:18:13♪♪
01:18:30Almost 14,000 vehicles, about 600 tanks, nearly 2,000 guns.
01:18:36♪♪
01:18:41But Sicily was held by more than 200,000 Italian and German troops,
01:18:45strongly entrenched on rugged terrain.
01:18:48It was to be a tough, hard-fought campaign.
01:18:51♪♪
01:19:05♪♪
01:19:17In 1940, our army numbered a little more than a quarter of a million men.
01:19:22♪♪
01:19:25Three years later, in 1943, it numbered almost 7 million
01:19:30and would continue to grow to 8 million.
01:19:34But numbers alone do not make an efficient force
01:19:37capable of winning the final victory.
01:19:41Undisciplined and unequipped rabble,
01:19:43even though the cause be just,
01:19:45never won a war against a trained and well-disciplined,
01:19:48well-armed, and well-led force.
01:19:51♪♪
01:19:55Thanks to the intensive training program under General Leslie McNair,
01:19:59commander of Army Ground Forces,
01:20:01American soldiers had never before been as well-trained and equipped
01:20:05to fight as were our soldiers in World War II.
01:20:10Certainly the veterans of the North African campaign
01:20:13learned that intensive training pays off,
01:20:16and now they were continuing to prove it in Sicily.
01:20:20Arrive across Sicily was aimed at the key port of Messina,
01:20:24just across the narrow straits which separate Sicily
01:20:27from the toe of the Italian mainland.
01:20:30♪♪
01:20:36The Germans fought stubbornly,
01:20:38utilizing every defensive advantage offered by the rugged terrain.
01:20:42Italian forces offered little resistance.
01:20:45♪♪
01:20:57Patton's 7th American Army attacked from one side,
01:21:01while General Montgomery's 8th British Army pressed forward from the other.
01:21:05♪♪
01:21:10Citizen soldier G.I. Joe had fought and defeated
01:21:14the best the Nazi had to offer in North Africa
01:21:17and had taken the enemy's measure.
01:21:19♪♪
01:21:28♪♪
01:21:33Now he was a veteran who had growing confidence
01:21:36in himself and in his leadership.
01:21:38He was a soldier.
01:21:40Whether he knew it or not, he was adding new glory
01:21:43to the traditions of the American fighting man.
01:21:45And at war's outcome, the word defeat
01:21:48had never been written on the scrolls of that fine tradition.
01:21:52♪♪
01:22:02♪♪
01:22:07In many areas, there was nothing more than a rut or a road.
01:22:11♪♪
01:22:17So units of the 7th Army did a little amphibious leapfrogging
01:22:20along the coast in their push for Messina.
01:22:23♪♪
01:22:33♪♪
01:22:43♪♪
01:22:53While our 7th Army pushed the Nazis across Sicily,
01:22:56in faraway New Guinea, the 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment
01:23:00made an airdrop at Nadzam,
01:23:02while American and Australian ground forces
01:23:04continued to press forward.
01:23:06♪♪
01:23:16♪♪
01:23:22Our growing air power made a daylight raid
01:23:24on military objectives in the heart of Italy
01:23:26with 500 bombers.
01:23:28♪♪
01:23:38♪♪
01:23:45On Sicily's north coast, Patton's 7th captured Palermo
01:23:49and drove on eastward toward Messina.
01:23:52♪♪
01:24:01In the air, 177 American B-24 bombers raided
01:24:05the oil refineries at Loesti in Romania
01:24:08with 300 tons of explosives.
01:24:11♪♪
01:24:21♪♪
01:24:31♪♪
01:24:41♪♪
01:24:47The initiative no longer belonged to the Nazi fascist axis
01:24:50in the air or on the ground.
01:24:53♪♪
01:25:03♪♪
01:25:13♪♪
01:25:23♪♪
01:25:29The ruthless rise for world conquest
01:25:32had been stopped all the way around the earth,
01:25:35from North Africa to the Pacific,
01:25:37where U.S. Army troops and Marines
01:25:39captured the Munda airfield on the island of New Georgia.
01:25:42♪♪
01:25:52♪♪
01:26:02On the same day our troops took Munda,
01:26:05Soviet forces smashed German defenses in central Russia.
01:26:09♪♪
01:26:19♪♪
01:26:29♪♪
01:26:41Key military targets on the Italian mainland
01:26:44were being mauled by our Air Force.
01:26:47♪♪
01:26:57♪♪
01:27:07♪♪
01:27:11Our ground forces were also hitting the enemy with devastating power.
01:27:15♪♪
01:27:21♪♪
01:27:41♪♪
01:27:45The crushing defeat suffered by the Axis in North Africa
01:27:48and Patton's advance toward the Straits of Messina
01:27:51were psychological poison to a badly shaken fascist regime.
01:27:55♪♪
01:27:58The once triumphant Caesar God,
01:28:00who had looked like this at the height of his power,
01:28:02when his fascist legions had slaughtered and conquered Ethiopian tribesmen
01:28:06who fought with spears and ancient guns,
01:28:10now looked like this.
01:28:12Mussolini had led his people through a nightmare of military disasters.
01:28:16His arrogant dictatorship had come to an end.
01:28:19Retributive justice was close at hand.
01:28:24The King of Italy ordered Marshal Pietro Badoglio
01:28:26to organize a new government
01:28:28and conduct secret negotiations for surrender.
01:28:33A separate peace by Italy was the last thing Hitler wanted.
01:28:37The collapse of Mussolini and his fascist regime
01:28:39brought additional German forces pouring into Italy.
01:28:42♪♪
01:28:52From fighting a lie, the Nazi was now the unwelcome intruder
01:28:56who would wage his battles of fierce resistance on Italian soil,
01:29:00bringing further ruin and suffering to an exhausted and warsick people.
01:29:04♪♪
01:29:14On the 17th of August, 1943, 38 days after the invasion began,
01:29:19Patton's 7th Army took Messina and all Sicily was in Allied hands.
01:29:24♪♪
01:29:31As well as 100,000 Italian prisoners.
01:29:35♪♪
01:29:41Most of the Nazis had escaped to the mainland across the Straits of Messina.
01:29:46♪♪
01:30:0111 days after the fall of Sicily,
01:30:04Allied headquarters in the Pacific announced the end
01:30:07of all Japanese resistance on New Georgia Island.
01:30:11♪♪
01:30:19General MacArthur's forces were starting on the road back.
01:30:22We had already begun our island hopping in the Central Solomons.
01:30:26♪♪
01:30:33But the battle for Nazi-held Italy was only beginning.
01:30:37♪♪
01:30:46On the 3rd of September, two British divisions crossed the Straits of Messina
01:30:50to land on the toe of the Italian boot.
01:30:53♪♪
01:31:06Six days later, American forces struck the beach at Salerno,
01:31:1030 miles south of Naples.
01:31:13They met stiff enemy resistance.
01:31:16♪♪
01:31:26♪♪
01:31:36♪♪
01:31:46♪♪
01:31:56♪♪
01:32:06♪♪
01:32:17Four days after the landings,
01:32:19the hurriedly reinforced enemy launched a strong counterattack,
01:32:22pouring in some of its best troops.
01:32:25♪♪
01:32:30For a time, our foothold was precarious.
01:32:35But supported by a concentration of combined firepower from aircraft,
01:32:41naval guns,
01:32:44and artillery, the Allies held the beachhead.
01:32:48♪♪
01:33:10The heavy pounding by land, sea, and air was too much for the Nazis.
01:33:14They fell back as our own forces pushed on toward Naples.
01:33:18By then, Italy had surrendered unconditionally,
01:33:21was officially out of the war.
01:33:24♪♪
01:33:35October 1st, 1943,
01:33:38elements of General Mark Clark's Fifth Army entered the city of Naples.
01:33:42They were greeted not as conquerors, but as liberators.
01:33:46The citizens of Naples knew that we and our Allies
01:33:49were the only hope of driving the Germans from their homeland.
01:33:53♪♪
01:33:57Here, as elsewhere, a new problem confronted our invasion forces,
01:34:02how to provide government for the civilian population.
01:34:05Years of fascism had promised plenty,
01:34:08but delivered only strife and hunger.
01:34:11Unless such centers of hungry population along a route of advance are well controlled,
01:34:16the advance is hampered, communications break down,
01:34:19supply channels clog up.
01:34:21In Naples, the Allies met the challenge and thwarted chaos.
01:34:28The Naples water supply presented another challenge to the Allied forces.
01:34:32This problem was also mastered.
01:34:35♪♪
01:34:45♪♪
01:34:54Military government was a necessity,
01:34:57one which also had a direct influence on post-war rehabilitation throughout Europe.
01:35:02♪♪
01:35:05Following the fall of Naples, we expected our advance to continue.
01:35:09It did, but only for a brief period.
01:35:12♪♪
01:35:17♪♪
01:35:22♪♪
01:35:27♪♪
01:35:34The mountainous regions of central Italy provided the Germans with a number of natural defense lines.
01:35:41These, together with the closing in of the Italian winter,
01:35:45virtually stopped our forces in their tracks, scarcely 80 miles from Rome.
01:35:50♪♪
01:36:00♪♪
01:36:08While our fighting men in Italy were leased with a veritable stalemate,
01:36:12an entirely different kind of war was going on in the faraway Pacific,
01:36:16where Allied forces landed on Mono and Sterling Islands
01:36:19in a campaign launched to drive the Japanese from Bougainvillea.
01:36:23♪♪
01:36:33♪♪
01:36:43♪♪
01:36:52We invaded the Gilbert Islands.
01:36:55♪♪
01:37:04The 2nd Marine Division took Tarawa after 76 hours of bloody fighting.
01:37:09♪♪
01:37:19♪♪
01:37:29♪♪
01:37:39♪♪
01:37:49♪♪
01:37:56♪♪
01:38:02Heavy casualties were suffered.
01:38:05♪♪
01:38:10But the Japanese were wiped out.
01:38:14♪♪
01:38:22Elements of the Army's 27th Infantry Division took Macon and the neighboring atolls.
01:38:29♪♪
01:38:39♪♪
01:38:45Our Army Air Corps was engaged in massive bombing of the industrial heart of Germany,
01:38:50devastating Nazi plants and marshalling yards.
01:38:53But the Nazis' gutterdämmerung, the twilight of the gods, had yet to come.
01:38:59♪♪
01:39:16The bitterest of large-scale battles had yet to be fought,
01:39:20and some of these were soon to come on the Italian front,
01:39:23where strong defensive positions were held by a tough and stubborn enemy.
01:39:27♪♪
01:39:34That and the weather had bogged down our advance.
01:39:38♪♪
01:39:51It was winter, 1943.
01:39:54The stage was set for the Cairo-Teheran talks.
01:39:57Roosevelt and Churchill met with Chiang Kai-shek at Cairo.
01:40:03Even at the moment fighting was most intense in Italy,
01:40:06high-level master plans continued to be made for the invasion of France
01:40:10and for other Allied operations throughout the world.
01:40:14At Cairo, talks centered on the relation of European operations to the war in the Pacific.
01:40:20♪♪
01:40:26From Cairo, Roosevelt and Churchill flew to Teheran,
01:40:30where for the first time during the war they met with Marshal Stalin,
01:40:34dictator of Soviet Russia.
01:40:36The Allied leaders failed to agree on everything,
01:40:39but one thing they did agree upon
01:40:41was that the invasion of Normandy and southern France
01:40:44must and would take place sometime during the following summer of 1944.
01:40:49♪♪
01:40:53For some time there had been doubt as to who would command Overlord,
01:40:57the invasion of Normandy.
01:40:59Roosevelt, en route home from Teheran,
01:41:02stopped off at Tunis to see General Eisenhower
01:41:05and to tell him that he was to command Overlord.
01:41:08The grand design for victory in Europe was now completed.
01:41:13♪♪
01:41:17But so far as the Allies in Italy were concerned,
01:41:20France and the cross-channel invasion were a long way off.
01:41:24It was to be a tragically long winter of hard fighting in Italy.
01:41:28♪♪
01:41:38♪♪
01:41:47There was the battle for Monte Cassino.
01:41:50♪♪
01:41:55♪♪
01:42:00♪♪
01:42:05♪♪
01:42:11To bypass the mountainous terrain holding up our advance in southern Italy,
01:42:15forces made an amphibious landing at Anzio,
01:42:18only 35 miles south of Rome.
01:42:21Heavy Nazi resistance stalled the breakout from the beaches.
01:42:24♪♪
01:42:44Finally, we blasted our way out of the pocket.
01:42:47The landings at Anzio convinced Hitler
01:42:50that we were launching an all-out campaign in Italy.
01:42:53♪♪
01:42:56He rushed eight more divisions to reinforce his army in Italy
01:42:59and the stalemate was resumed.
01:43:02♪♪
01:43:17In the Pacific, quadrilling in the Marshall Islands
01:43:20is taken by an amphibious force
01:43:23as our advance in the central Pacific continues.
01:43:26♪♪