15 MOST Mysterious Ancient Structures

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15 MOST Mysterious Ancient Structures
Transcript
00:00Hey everyone, for today's video, we're going to explore 15 of the most mysterious
00:04ancient structures.
00:05Each of these structures showcases the cultural significance of the people who built them.
00:09So let's start with number 15, Machu Picchu.
00:12Machu Picchu has captured the imaginations and awe of historians and the general public
00:17alike for decades.
00:18Now, this structure is perched high in the Andes Mountains in Peru, and it showcased
00:23the sophisticated engineering of the famous Inca Empire.
00:26Machu Picchu was discovered in 1911 by American historian and explorer Hiram Bingham, and
00:31it was built in the 15th century.
00:33The mystery behind Machu Picchu has to do with its construction.
00:37The site features a complex network of terraced stone structures and water management systems,
00:42all of which are intricately built.
00:44The stones of the structures were cut and shaped to fit together without the use of
00:47mortar, and the sheer precision of the stone blocks used continues to baffle historians.
00:52Furthermore, given the site's location, the effort required to transport the materials
00:56to the site is amazing in and of itself.
00:59Machu Picchu is located about 7,900 feet above sea level, and it's surrounded by steep cliffs
01:04and a dense jungle.
01:06Historians still really don't fully understand why the Incas chose such a challenging site
01:10to build it, but it adds to the overall mystery of this famous and not fully understood ancient
01:15structure.
01:17Number 14.
01:18The Moai Statues of Easter Island Now, the Moai Statues of Rapa Nui are probably
01:23some of the most famous ancient statues in the world.
01:26They've been shown in countless movies, TV shows, and the like.
01:29But these massive stone figures, with their distinctive faces, have puzzled historians
01:33for centuries.
01:34As well as they're widely recognized, there's a lot we still don't know about these structures.
01:39The statues are found on Easter Island, and Easter Island is one of the most remote inhabited
01:43places on Earth, and it was first recorded by Europeans in about 1722.
01:48The statues themselves, called Moai, were carved by the Rapa Nui people between about
01:531400 and 1650 CE, and they range from a few feet tall to over 30 feet tall, and some weigh
01:59upwards of 80 tons.
02:01But the question is, how did they get there?
02:03Well, the method of transporting these statues from the quarry to their final locations,
02:07some as far as 11 miles, is a significant mystery.
02:11Some theories center around the use of wooden sledges or rollers, while others focus on
02:15a walking technique where the statues were rocked upright using ropes.
02:20But the truth is, we really don't know.
02:22The truth is, we really don't know the purpose behind the Moai statues.
02:25It's believed by some they were built to honor ancestors and important leaders.
02:29The statues are positioned to face inland, so it's sort of like protectors or intermediaries
02:34between the living and the spiritual world.
02:36Now, the statues are positioned to face inland, and so it sort of looks like they're watching
02:40over the island's villages.
02:42But who knows, they may have been built for reasons we can't fully comprehend yet.
02:45Well, in any case, the iconic statues continue to captivate our imaginations and mystify
02:50historians.
02:51If we want to know more, we just have to be satisfied with enjoying these statues for
02:55their aesthetic appeal.
02:5713.
02:58The Yonaguni Monument The Yonaguni Monument was discovered by local
03:03divers in the late 1980s, and since its discovery, this ancient structure has sparked some pretty
03:08fierce debate in the scientific community.
03:11Geologists and visitors alike have continued to be intrigued by this monument because no
03:16one knows for sure what it is, how it was built, and why it's there.
03:20The Yonaguni Monument is basically a series of colossal rock formations.
03:24Now, it's not uncommon to find rock formations at the bottom of the ocean, but these aren't
03:28your typical rock formations.
03:30This structure has features that look an awful lot like terraces and steps with pillars,
03:35so some people argue the structure must be man-made.
03:38These formations rising from the ocean floor with the tallest reaching heights of up to
03:4282 feet and stretching over 490 feet in length have precision and symmetry.
03:48Some of these features suggest that they weren't just haphazardly formed by nature.
03:52Some historians believe that it was, in fact, shaped over millennia by the forces of erosion,
03:56tectonic activity, and underwater currents, so it's completely natural.
04:00But there's a lot of straight edges and right angles in there, as well as some carved surfaces,
04:05so the argument continues to go back and forth.
04:07If it was man-made, then it was made by an ancient civilization thousands of years ago,
04:12but why was it built and who built it still remains a mystery, if it was man-made.
04:1712. The Karnak Stones
04:20The Karnak Stones are located in the Brittany region of northwestern France, and they continue
04:25to be one of the most extensive and mysterious megalithic sites in the world.
04:30Why?
04:31Because it consists of thousands of standing stones, all arranged in alignments, rows,
04:36and circles.
04:37Within the site are several distinct groups of these megaliths.
04:39The most famous are the alignments of Karnak, the Mennac Alignment, the Camario Alignment,
04:44and the Kurluskan Alignments.
04:47Now, each of these alignments features rows of upright stones, with some as tall as 13
04:51feet.
04:52So what is this crazy slew of arranged stones?
04:55Well, it might just have been some sort of burial marker site, like an ancient cemetery.
04:59Or it might have been some sort of astronomical site.
05:02Or it even could have been something we don't understand, and we're way off base with the
05:06other two guesses.
05:07Because the fact is, no matter how much we study the Karnak Stones, we just don't know
05:10for sure what it was.
05:12Other guesses include things like trade route markers, or boundary markers, or even some
05:16sort of navigational aid.
05:18The stones might have also been placed there as a symbol of power or prestige.
05:23Number 11.
05:24The Nazca Lines The Nazca Lines.
05:27If you haven't seen these before, you're in for a treat.
05:30Because the Nazca Lines are pretty cool looking.
05:32They're vast geoglyphs that have been etched into the desert plains of southern Peru.
05:37They depict a whole slew of things, from geometric patterns to animals.
05:41These Nazca Lines were discovered formally in 1927.
05:45But it wasn't until we really got some aerial shots of the Nazca Lines in the late 1930s
05:49that they really took off on the international front.
05:52They stretch over an area of about 620 square miles, but the real mystery of these lines
05:57is their purpose.
05:58What exactly are they, and what were they used for?
06:02Well, several theories exist, but the most widely accepted theory is that they serve
06:05some sort of astronomical function.
06:08Another theory, though, suggests that they were part of some ritual, perhaps as an offering
06:11to deities associated with water or fertility.
06:14And for those who like a little conspiracy theory with their ancient structures, a more
06:17controversial theory suggests that they were created for extraterrestrial visitors, aka
06:23aliens.
06:24Well, in any case, no one knows for sure why the lines were created, and they're still
06:27being studied today.
06:29There are efforts to preserve them too, which is challenging, given things like climate
06:33change, tourism, and even urban development.
06:35Hopefully though, we'll find a way to preserve them, but until then, the race is on to find
06:39out what these lines really mean before they potentially are lost forever.
06:4410.
06:45The Longyu Caves Oddly enough, the Longyu Caves weren't discovered
06:50until 1992, which is remarkable because they're more than 2,000 years old.
06:56The caves are located in a village in Zhejiang province in China, and since their discovery,
07:00they've sparked more than their fair share of debate and speculation.
07:04The caves are a series of large artificial caverns carved into the solid sandstone bedrock.
07:10They cover an area of more than 98,000 square feet, so to call this massive is a bit of
07:13an understatement.
07:15The caves feature intricate and precisely carved architectural features, pillars, walkways,
07:19chambers, pools, you name it.
07:21But despite extensive study, the origin, purpose, and cultural significance of these caves simply
07:26isn't known.
07:28It's believed the caves were constructed during the Western Han Dynasty sometime between 206
07:32BC and 9 CE.
07:34The caves were carved entirely by hand using primitive tools like hammers, chisels, and
07:39wooden wedges.
07:40Though the precision of the craftsmanship is evident in the caves, it's truly remarkable,
07:44especially given the sheer size of the site.
07:46The largest cavern measures over 98 feet in height, and it's got pillars that stretch
07:50up to 33 feet high.
07:52But the caves themselves extend for thousands of feet underground, connected by a network
07:56of passageways and chambers.
07:58So who built them?
08:00Well, supernatural beings maybe?
08:02Or ancient rulers with magical powers?
08:04At least that's who, according to local folklore, myths, and legends have it.
08:08However, archaeological evidence suggests that they were most likely created by human
08:12hands through a combination of pecking, pounding, and chipping away.
08:16But that sandstone bedrock isn't a joke, and the sheer effort it would take to have created
08:20this ancient structure is just mind-boggling.
08:22Perhaps we'll figure out more about these caves in the future, but for now, they do
08:26remain a source of fascination, wonder, and widespread speculation.
08:31Number 9.
08:32The Cahokia Mounds
08:34The Cahokia Mounds were once an ancient urban complex, but today, they're one of the most
08:39significant and mysterious archaeological sites in North America.
08:43This ancient structure is located near Collinsville in Illinois, and it was constructed by indigenous
08:47peoples between the 9th and 14th centuries CE.
08:51The Cahokia Mounds are one of the largest pre-Columbian cities north of what is now
08:55known as Mexico.
08:57It's a very important site from a cultural and historical standpoint, but even so, many
09:00aspects of this ancient site remain shrouded in mystery.
09:05The site is comprised of a series of earthen mounds, plazas, and residential areas, and
09:08it's spread out across a vast region, totaling roughly six square miles.
09:13In its heyday, it's estimated that between 10,000 to 20,000 people called this place
09:17home, so it would have been one of the most populated areas in North America at that time.
09:21The largest of the mounds is known as Monk's Mound.
09:24It's over 100 feet high and covers 14 acres.
09:27Monk's Mound was likely the central hub of the city, with a large plaza at its summit
09:32that might have been used for public gatherings, rituals, and ceremonies.
09:35However, both the purpose and the people who built it are still subject of debate.
09:40Was it a religious center, a political capital, an economic hub, or even a pilgrimage destination?
09:45No one knows for sure.
09:47Some researchers believe it would have been a multi-ethnic center, with people from diverse
09:50backgrounds come to trade and worship together, while others believe it was a city of political
09:55prowess.
09:56Well, in any case, it is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and new discoveries are
10:00made and technologies improve.
10:02We may unlock the secrets of this ancient city one day and shed some light on the mysteries
10:07of North America's prehistoric past, but until then, the purpose of this ancient city remains
10:12pretty elusive.
10:148.
10:15Pamapunka Pamapunka is a perplexing ancient archaeological
10:20site.
10:21In fact, it's one of the most intriguing ancient ruins on the planet.
10:24It's one of those ancient sites where there seems to be more questions than answers here.
10:28It's located near the site of Tiwanaku in western Bolivia, and it gained international
10:32attention in the 20th century when explorers and archaeologists began to uncover its features.
10:38The site is known for its massive stone blocks, some of which weigh over 100 tons.
10:42The stonework here is so precise that not even a blade of grass can fit between these
10:46joints.
10:47That means that the people who built it had an understanding of architecture and an unrivaled
10:51level of engineering skills.
10:53But the real mystery is how the massive stones got to the site.
10:57How were they quarried and then transported?
10:59The nearest quarry for the stones is over six miles away, and it's not likely ancient
11:03people had trains to carry these things, so how did they do it?
11:07It was far more advanced than other civilizations at the time, and of course, what was the site
11:12used for?
11:13Like all mysterious ancient structures, there are many theories surrounding this place.
11:17But they are only theories.
11:19Was it a religious or ceremonial center?
11:21Was it a royal palace, an ancient observatory, or some sort of administrative complex?
11:26But finally, who actually built it?
11:28Research is ongoing, as are debates and theories about Pumapunku.
11:32And until we know more, it remains a mysterious part of Bolivia's prehistoric past.
11:38Moving on to number seven, the Great Serpent Mound.
11:41In the unassuming area of Adams County, Ohio, is one of the most iconic ancient earthworks
11:46in North America.
11:48The structure is shaped like a giant serpent, complete with an undulating body and a coiled
11:52tail, hence its name, the Great Serpent Mound.
11:56It stretches over 1,300 feet across the landscape, and this makes it one of the largest effigy
12:00mounds in the world.
12:02Needless to say, the Great Serpent Mound has been widely studied for over a century now,
12:06but its purpose, origin, and cultural significance still remain a mystery.
12:10It wasn't until the 19th century, though, that it became known to others, it's believed
12:13the mound was constructed by the indigenous peoples of the Ohio Valley region sometime
12:18between 800 BC and 1000 CE, although the exact date of its creation remains uncertain.
12:24In fact, we don't even really know for certain who actually built it.
12:27It could have been the Adena culture, or it could have been the Fort Ancient culture,
12:31and since the timeframe fits both, and both were known for their monumental earthworks,
12:35this most striking feature, and the most confusing, is the Great Serpent Mound, its unique shape
12:40and design.
12:41The mound was aligned with astronomical phenomena, though, the head and coils of the serpent
12:45correspond to the solstices and equinoxes, so it may have been used as a ceremonial or
12:50ritualistic site.
12:51Well, in any case, despite what it may or may not have been used for, one thing remains
12:55inarguable, the Great Serpent Mound looks really cool from aerial shots, so maybe its
13:00purpose was merely decorative.
13:026.
13:04The Plain of Jars The Plain of Jars doesn't really feature
13:08jars, at least not in the sense of modern jars, but the site is ancient, so maybe this
13:13is what jars looked like in ancient times.
13:15This area is in Laos, and it's the large stone structures that are scattered across
13:19the plains that are the real head-scratcher.
13:22There are thousands of them, these stone jars, they range in size from fairly small to absolutely
13:27towering for a jar.
13:29Some are more than 9 feet tall and weigh several tons, so what are they, who put them there,
13:34and what were they used for?
13:35The Plain of Jars has been studied for decades, and to date, no one has really been able to
13:39come up with a definitive answer to any of those questions.
13:41The Plain of Jars first gained international attention in the 1930s, when French archaeologists
13:46conducted their first real study of them, and along with the jars, those archaeologists
13:50found numerous artifacts like pottery, tools, and even human remains.
13:55So they might have been used for burial practices, and that seems to be the leading theory.
13:59Perhaps the jars were used as funeral urns to hold the remains of the deceased, or as
14:03markers for burials, or some sort of ritualistic burial thing that we don't fully understand.
14:09In any case, it's believed they were brought over from nearby quarries using sledges, rollers,
14:13and plain old manpower, and that they were carved using sophisticated tools.
14:17But as it stands, that's about all we've got when it comes to information about this bizarre
14:21and ancient Plain of Jars.
14:25Number 5.
14:26The Stone Spheres of Costa Rica Also known as the Diki Spheres, the Stone
14:30Spheres of Costa Rica are a stunning sight.
14:33They're also a bit of a mystery.
14:35The Stone Spheres caught international attention in the 1930s, when they were discovered by
14:39workers who were clearing the land for a banana plantation.
14:42They were made from a wide assortment of rocks, including gabbro and limestone, and
14:46since they're all circular, a lot of archaeologists and historians believe they were intentionally
14:50crafted by man.
14:51But what about a difficult task given primitive tools available to the ancient inhabitants
14:55of Costa Rica?
14:57But one of the most intriguing aspects is their sheer number and distribution across
15:01the landscape.
15:02They're found in clusters, or lines, often near important archaeological sites or along
15:06ancient trade routes.
15:08This led some researchers to suggest that the spheres may have only served as boundary
15:11stones or markers, perhaps to divide territories or to mark religious sites.
15:16And still others believe they could have been purely decorative.
15:18Some researchers have speculated that the stones served other purposes, though.
15:22Maybe they were tools that the ancient people used for shaping stone or wood.
15:25Well, the Stone Spheres are most often associated with the Diki culture, a culture that flourished
15:30in southern Costa Rica between 300 BC and 800 CE.
15:33However, it's not known for certain if the stones are actually, in fact, attached to
15:38this ancient culture or not.
15:40Sadly, a lot of the stones are actually on private land today or in very remote areas,
15:44so they're prone to damage and or theft.
15:47Efforts have been made to preserve and protect these Stone Spheres of Costa Rica, especially
15:51since they're still being studied.
15:54Number 4.
15:55Gobekli Tepe Gobekli Tepe.
15:57It was discovered in the mid-20th century, but it actually wasn't thoroughly excavated
16:01until the 1990s.
16:03It's an ancient complex, and its importance really cannot be overstated.
16:08It's completely transformed our modern understanding of prehistoric societies, but even so, there
16:13are still a lot of questions that remain unanswered about this ancient structure.
16:17The first thing to know is that it's old, really old.
16:20It dates to around 9600 BCE, so it predates Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids by several
16:27millennia.
16:28It is the oldest known monumental structure created by humans.
16:32It was first identified in 1963 during a survey conducted by Istanbul University and the University
16:37of Chicago.
16:38However, it wasn't until German archaeologist Klaus Schmidt began excavating the site in
16:431994 that its real significance came front and center.
16:47During the excavation, it was revealed that the site was a complex of massive stone pillars
16:51all arranged in circles.
16:53The stone pillars were carved with images of animals and abstract symbols.
16:57This was important because we previously believed that complex societies and organized religion
17:01only emerged after we developed agriculture.
17:05But the Gobekli Tepe suggests otherwise.
17:07It is kind of like a mic drop moment and it forced us to reevaluate our preconceived ideas
17:12and beliefs about ancient civilizations.
17:15Those pillars are arranged around central stones, creating a series of concentric rings.
17:19The carvings on them depict a variety of animals, including lions, snakes, foxes, and birds,
17:25as well as a whole whack of abstract symbols, symbols that may have held religious significance.
17:29A lot of historians speculate that the site might have been some sort of ceremonial center
17:33where people came from all over to participate in rituals and feasts.
17:37There's a lot of animal bones at the site, including gazelle, boar, and wild cattle,
17:41which support the idea that the site was used for feasts.
17:44However, this is, of course, just speculation.
17:46No one knows for sure why the site was filled.
17:49And even more intriguing is that the site was intentionally backfilled and abandoned
17:52around 8,000 BCE for reasons that remain unclear.
17:56So while Gobekli Tepe changes some of our previous ideas about people from the past,
18:00it forces us to rethink some things we thought we knew, and also raises a lot of questions.
18:06Questions that remain unanswered.
18:083.
18:09The Hypogeum of Halseflieni Hypogeum are fascinating ancient structures
18:14in their own right.
18:15But when it comes to mysterious ones, no one can hold a candle to the Hypogeum of Halseflieni.
18:21The structure is located in Malta, and it dates back to around 4,000 BCE.
18:25This underground complex offers a glimpse into ancient and sophisticated society, but
18:30so many aspects of this Hypogeum remain murky and unclear.
18:34The site consists of a series of interconnecting chambers carved out of limestone across three
18:38levels.
18:39The upper level, which is the oldest, has simple chambers that likely served as a sanctuary
18:43before eventually becoming a burial site.
18:45The middle level features intricate rooms, including the Oracle Room, which is known
18:49for its acoustics, and the main chamber, which has some pretty stellar, finely carved motifs.
18:54So what's the big mystery?
18:56Well, although it's widely accepted that this site was a necropolis that housed thousands
19:00of remains, there are some other strange things here too.
19:04No one's really arguing that it was a burial site, how do you argue with thousands of human
19:08remains?
19:09But there are some strange things that have been found in this place, and those things
19:12have led to some historians questioning the real function of the structure.
19:17Maybe it was used for more than just a burial site.
19:19For example, the Oracle Room, which is a bit puzzling, features some really advanced acoustics,
19:24and no one knows for sure what the real purpose of the room was, though.
19:27There's also a strange, ochre-painted wall, which seems a little bit out of place.
19:31Some believe the wall, complete with carvings, could point towards spiritual remains, but
19:35it could also point to something else entirely.
19:38The room may have had a function, past our current understanding.
19:41But finally, there's the elongated skulls.
19:43Yep, elongated skulls found with other human remains.
19:47And how these skulls were created, maybe cranial deformation, and why they were created remains
19:52a mystery.
19:53So, all in, yeah, there are thousands of human remains, so it was some sort of burial site.
19:58But it very well could have served as something else.
20:01And what exactly that was?
20:03Well, the verdict is still out on that.
20:06Number 2.
20:07Stonehenge
20:08Ah, Stonehenge.
20:09It would be next to impossible to create a list of mysterious ancient structures and
20:13not include the ever-so-famous Stonehenge.
20:17Stonehenge is, hands down, one of the most iconic and mysterious prehistoric monuments
20:20in the world.
20:21It dates back to between 3000 and 2000 BC.
20:24This circular arrangement of massive standing stones has sparked theories, controversies,
20:29and arguments for decades.
20:31The formal discovery and documentation of Stonehenge can be traced back to medieval
20:34and early modern periods.
20:36The earliest recorded mention of Stonehenge appears in the 12th century, but it appears
20:40again later in both the 16th and 17th.
20:43One of the prevailing theories at the time was that Stonehenge was built by the Druids.
20:47However, we do get smarter with time, and that theory has since been debunked.
20:52So, what makes this place so mysterious?
20:54One of the primary reasons surrounding Stonehenge is its construction.
20:58Its monuments consist of two main types of stones, the larger sarsen stones and the smaller
21:03bluestones.
21:04The sarsen stones weigh up to 25 tons each, and it's believed they were brought in from
21:07the Marlborough Downs, which is about 20 miles to the north.
21:11That's a feat in and of itself, but the bluestones, which weigh up to 4 tons each, were sourced
21:16probably from a local hill in Wales, which is over 150 miles away.
21:21So, the logistics of transporting these massive stones that far without any sort of modern
21:26technology is kind of baffling, to say the least.
21:29The monuments are aligned with the solstice, particularly the sunrise on the summer solstice
21:33and the sunset on the winter solstice.
21:36This alignment suggests that Stonehenge may have been used as an astronomical observatory,
21:40allowing the builders to track movement of the sun in the changing seasons.
21:43The site is commonly believed to have served a religious or ceremonial function, but its
21:47exact role in the lives of its builders remain unclear.
21:51Others suggest it was a place of healing, and others still, well, they think it was
21:54built by aliens for reasons unknown.
21:57And while some of us might scoff at the alien theory, at the end of the day, we simply don't
22:01have any concrete answers.
22:04What secrets is Stonehenge hiding?
22:06Perhaps time will tell, or perhaps it won't.
22:08Either way, Stonehenge remains one of the most enigmatic and widely discussed ancient
22:11structures on the planet.
22:14Number 1.
22:15The Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza, of course it's
22:19number one.
22:20It's a gift that keeps on giving on the mystery front.
22:23In fact, it seems like as soon as one question about the pyramid is answered, several more
22:28pop up, as though the pyramid is constantly trying to remind us that the more we know,
22:32the more we realize how much we don't know.
22:34The Great Pyramid of Giza was built around 2500 BCE.
22:37It's got so many mysteries, and it's a bit overwhelming, but the most famous ones regarding
22:42its construction.
22:44How did they build it?
22:45Its purposes?
22:46There are some pretty mysterious rooms.
22:48And the advanced knowledge of its builders?
22:50How did they know to do what they did?
22:53The pyramid was once the tallest man-made structure, and it stayed that way for over
22:563,800 years.
22:58It consists of about 2.3 million blocks of limestone and granite, some weighing up to
23:0280 tons.
23:04But no matter the theory, though, every single one of them would have included a massive
23:07output of manual labor.
23:09Now, the pyramid's alignment with the cardinal points is almost perfect, with a margin of
23:14error of just a fraction of a degree.
23:16Its base is a near-perfect square with less than a 0.05% deviation, so you better believe
23:21those ancient Egyptians had a pretty good understanding of astronomy and geometry.
23:26As for the inside, the pyramid's interior features chambers and passages like the King's
23:31Chamber, Queen's Chamber, and the Grand Gallery.
23:33But the exact purposes of these chambers are still debated.
23:36The King's Chamber, a central granite chamber, houses a sarcophagus.
23:40But its purpose, whether burial, symbolic, or astronomical, does remain uncertain.
23:45And then there's the Grand Gallery, with its impressive passageway with corbelled walls
23:49and a steep incline.
23:51How this was built is another focal point of mystery.
23:53The mainstream view holds that the pyramid served as Farokhufu's tomb.
23:57That's been pretty widely accepted.
23:59But it doesn't mean that there's only one theory out there.
24:01Some propose that because the pyramid was aligned with the stars and celestial events,
24:05it was built for astronomical purposes, of which we fully don't know or understand yet.
24:10And of course, like all things that we don't fully understand, there are even some alien
24:13theories surrounding the pyramid.
24:15These theories tend to believe that the pyramids were actually built by aliens, although nobody
24:20really knows why.
24:21We've learned about the pyramid over the years, but there's still so much that we
24:25don't know, and it's mind-boggling that this old pyramid continues to have us scratching
24:29our heads today.
24:31Will we still be exploring its secrets a hundred years from now?
24:34Probably.
24:35And I guess that's why the Great Pyramid of Giza has earned the number one spot on
24:38this list.
24:39Thanks for watching everyone, I'll see you next time.
24:43Thank you to our channel members.