5. How Mitochondria Produce Energy
5. How Mitochondria Produce Energy
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00:00Our body is made up of trillions of cells.
00:11They all require energy to function.
00:14This energy is created within our cells, in the mitochondria.
00:19Here, food is converted into chemical energy called ATP.
00:24ATP is released by the mitochondria so cells can use it.
00:30Mitochondria consist of two membranes,
00:33an outer membrane, separating it from the cytosol,
00:36and an inner membrane, surrounding the so-called matrix.
00:41The area between these membranes is called the intermembrane space.
00:47ATP is generated at the inner membrane of mitochondria
00:51by an efficient mechanism called oxidative phosphorylation,
00:56involving several membrane protein complexes.
01:03Nutrients provide high energy electrons in the form of NADH,
01:08which are used by the protein complexes to pump protons
01:12from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
01:16This continuous pumping creates a proton gradient
01:20where the positively charged protons are attracted to the more negative matrix.
01:27When the protons re-enter the matrix through the ATP synthase protein complex,
01:33they catalyze the production of ATP.