地球上で最も恐ろしいクモの種類
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00:00Arachnophobia is one of the most common fears.
00:03It's experienced by millions of people all around the world,
00:06and with 45,000 different known spider species,
00:09there's plenty to be afraid of.
00:11Today, we'll be taking a look at the top 15 most scary spider species in the world.
00:17Number 15. Mouse Spider
00:19Of the 21 species of mouse spider,
00:22which were so named because they were originally believed to have dug deep burrows,
00:26one is native to Chile, and the rest are found across Australia.
00:29Growing up to 1.2 inches across,
00:31they're identifiable by their surprisingly shiny upper sections,
00:35along with wide heads, spread out eyes, and often vivid colors.
00:39Rather than spinning webs, mouse spiders live in burrows that are up to 12 inches deep,
00:44and will scour the surrounding area in search of prey.
00:47Typically hunting insects and other small animals,
00:50they are highly aggressive spiders that will pounce to deliver a venomous bite,
00:54and once their target has been incapacitated,
00:56they will drag them back to their burrow for consumption.
00:59Fortunately, mouse spiders aren't considered dangerous to humans,
01:02as they aren't able to inject enough venom to cause potentially lethal consequences,
01:06but this doesn't mean a bite will be pain-free.
01:08In fact, their bites are considered to be one of the most painful of any type of spider,
01:12and you'll definitely be aware of it for several hours after it happened.
01:16They rarely bite humans though,
01:17because they try to keep their venom for uses solely on potential prey.
01:21This means you're only at risk of being attacked
01:23if they feel that they've been backed into a corner,
01:25and it's their only means of escape.
01:32While they may not be dangerous to humans,
01:33ogre-faced spiders are certainly one of the strangest looking species.
01:37If you ever unexpectedly find one looking back at you,
01:40it'll almost certainly make you jump back in fright.
01:43They're a type of net-casting spider,
01:45that rather than spinning large webs to capture prey,
01:48instead have stick-like elongated legs,
01:51and weave a series of flexible silk strands between their two front legs.
01:55These webs can be stretched up to three times the size of their relaxed state,
02:00and when the spider sees a target,
02:02it leaps forward and entangles it before it has a chance to escape.
02:06Spiders like these can be found throughout the tropical regions of the world,
02:10in Australia, Africa, and the Americas,
02:12and rely hugely on their eyesight for hunting.
02:15This is made more difficult by the fact that they're mainly nocturnal animals,
02:19and this is why they develop such large eyes,
02:22that on occasion make them look like ogres.
02:25One of the more surprising things about their eyes,
02:27is that they're more sensitive than those of cats and owls,
02:30and each night a brand new light-sensitive membrane is produced within them.
02:34It's so effective at detecting light,
02:36that the next morning when the sun rises,
02:38it's burnt away,
02:39and essentially leaves the spiders completely blind until it's dark again.
02:44Number 13. Goliath Birdeater
02:47Native to the jungle floors of South America,
02:50the Goliath Birdeater is the largest species of spider in the world,
02:54when judged by mass and body size.
02:57A type of tarantula,
02:58they can grow a body length of up to 5.1 inches,
03:01with a leg span of up to 12 inches,
03:03and may weigh as much as 6.2 ounces.
03:06Despite their name, they've only been seen to eat birds on rare occasions,
03:11and instead prefer to prey on worms, amphibians, insects, and other spiders.
03:16They are though an opportunistic species,
03:18that roam relatively vast distances each day,
03:21and will take their chance with anything they feel they'll be able to overpower.
03:25Equipped with fangs that can be as long as 1.6 inches,
03:29they bite into their prey and deliver a deadly dose of venom,
03:32before dragging the victim back to their burrow.
03:35It's there that the toxins will do their work,
03:37by liquefying the prey's insides,
03:39and the spider simply sucks the liquid out.
03:42These fangs can easily pierce human skin too,
03:45but the venom isn't as powerful as some others,
03:47meaning it's been described as similar to being stung by a wasp.
03:51Their urticating hairs, which are on their abdomens,
03:54are what you really need to watch out for,
03:56as they can be released into the air,
03:58and may prove to be harmful,
03:59especially if you were ever to breathe them into your lungs.
04:03Number 12. Australian Funnel-Web Spider
04:07There are 35 known species of funnel-web spider,
04:10each of which are native to Australia,
04:12and at least 6 of which are considered to possess venom
04:15that's medically significant to humans.
04:17With bodies that can grow as large as 2 inches,
04:20their front parts are completely hairless,
04:22and you'll usually be able to see their large fangs
04:25that point straight downwards, rather than towards each other.
04:28If they decide to bite a person,
04:30these are big and powerful enough to pierce through a fingernail or a soft shoe,
04:34and so would almost certainly give the spider the opportunity
04:37to deliver a dose of their potent venom.
04:40Fortunately, instances of them biting people are extremely rare,
04:43and antivenoms now exist that can treat such an injury.
04:47But certain species do have a tendency to live close by to human structures,
04:51which increase the chances of an encounter.
04:53They like digging their burrows in moist, cool, and sheltered habitats,
04:57which means shrubberies and rockeries in backyards are ideal for them.
05:01And they're also attracted to water, so are often found in swimming pools.
05:05If you ever see one floating, be cautious.
05:08They can survive submerged for several hours,
05:10and can still deliver a bite as soon as they've been removed.
05:17With almost 3,000 known species,
05:20wolf spiders are found virtually everywhere on the planet,
05:23apart from the most isolated locations,
05:25or those that are covered in ice.
05:27Some do have venom that can be painful if injected with a bite,
05:30but it's more the way they look and their behavior that ups their scare factor.
05:35Growing bodies that measure as much as 1.4 inches across,
05:38they're solitary creatures that don't spin webs,
05:41and tend to patrol the areas around their small burrows.
05:44They are highly opportunistic and aggressive,
05:46which means they'll strike at anything that's small enough for them to subdue
05:49and drag back to their burrow,
05:52and as a result have one of the most varied diets of any spiders.
05:55Frequently found in homes because of the warmth,
05:58in cars and on boats,
06:00wolf spiders have a startling appearance,
06:02with two main large eyes at the front of their heads.
06:05But it's the females that can be the most terrifying.
06:08That's because instead of leaving their eggs in the burrows or on a web,
06:11they actually carry the sack around with them wherever they go.
06:14And once they've hatched,
06:16the spiderlings will remain clinging onto their mother for several weeks
06:19before venturing off on their own.
06:21This means if you ever see a wolf spider,
06:23you could potentially be looking at several hundred of them
06:26that are ready to scatter at any moment.
06:33Yellow sack spiders are found across the globe,
06:35with as many as 212 distinct species having so far been recorded.
06:39And while they tend to be small and aren't particularly dangerous,
06:42they can be quite scary when you discover a cluster of them inside your home.
06:47Usually growing to no more than 0.4 inches in size,
06:50they're much paler in color than you'd normally expect a spider to be,
06:54and have large abdomens that take on a bolder yellow or beige hue.
06:58They look noticeably different to other spiders that often live in homes too,
07:02and these ones can, if startled, be painful if they decide to bite.
07:06Despite being so minuscule,
07:08their venom has the potential to cause swelling,
07:10severe pain and lesions in humans.
07:12But one of the biggest risks posed by yellow sack spiders
07:15is the fact that they are, for some reason,
07:17attracted to the smell of certain volatiles that are released by gasoline.
07:21In the past decade, this actually led to the recall of Mazda 6 sedans
07:25that were built between 2010 and 2012,
07:28because an element of their design meant that the spiders
07:30were able to crawl into the canister vent and weave webs.
07:34This caused blockages and a build-up of pressure
07:36that, in serious cases, could result in fuel leakages
07:39and an increased chance of fires,
07:41with the manufacturer now installing software
07:43that's able to alert owners of any developing problems
07:46before they've reached a critical point.
07:49Number 9. Huntsman Spider
07:52Native to tropical regions around the world,
07:55there are at least a thousand known species of huntsman spider,
07:58one of which, the giant huntsman,
08:00is the largest spider in terms of leg span of all.
08:04With eight eyes arranged in two forward-facing rows of four
08:08and able to grow as large as 11.8 inches across,
08:11they're often confused for tarantulas,
08:13but are a distinctly separate family of spiders.
08:16They usually grow brown or gray in color,
08:19and you may see reddish tones around their mouth
08:21and black or white markings on their undersides,
08:24and they'll often have noticeable spines on their legs.
08:27They use the natural environment for shelter,
08:30so will often hide beneath rocks and fallen branches,
08:33but they may also use objects around the quieter parts of homes
08:36as their lairs, too.
08:38They're also known for their quick speed,
08:40and in some cases, unusual way of moving around,
08:43such as the wheel spider in the Namib Desert
08:46that uses a cartwheeling motion.
08:48And while the main risk from them is their size
08:50and the potential to startle people who unexpectedly encounter one,
08:54they do also possess venom that can be painful
08:56and problematic if injected in large enough doses.
08:59It's normally only when they feel they or their eggs are in danger
09:03that they'll actively attack a human, though,
09:05so if you move slowly around one,
09:07you should be able to avoid any harm.
09:108. Brown Recluse Spider
09:12Native solely to a region of the United States
09:15throughout Texas, Georgia, Kentucky, and the surrounding states,
09:18the brown recluse spider is definitely a species to be wary of.
09:22They may not look as threatening as others,
09:25but their venom packs a punch
09:26and could well see you needing to seek medical attention.
09:29They grow to just under an inch across,
09:31but on occasions can be larger
09:33and are normally a light brown color,
09:35although this, too, can vary from white to dark gray.
09:38One of their defining features that helps to identify them, though,
09:41is a marking on their backs that almost looks like a violin
09:44and is why they're also known locally as fiddleback spiders.
09:48They build and live on haphazard webs,
09:51often in woodlands, but also in sheds,
09:53garages, cellars, and other undisturbed places.
09:56Due to their size, their preferred prey is mainly small insects,
10:00and they'll normally try to run away if anything larger comes along.
10:03They will, however, try to defend themselves if they feel under threat,
10:07and it's at times like this that they'll lash out with their bite.
10:10Normally, this will simply be painful enough to make an aggressor back off,
10:14but if the spider happens to inject a larger dose of toxin through your skin,
10:18you could suffer from skin necrosis, deep scarring, and severe pain.
10:22It's unlikely to be deadly,
10:24but would be extremely unpleasant for several days afterwards.
10:31Spiders are very well adapted to the environments where they live,
10:35and while you may think you are safe from coming face-to-face with one when you're in water,
10:39this couldn't be further from the truth.
10:41Around the world, there are at least a hundred species of fishing spider,
10:45which are also known as raft spiders,
10:47and they're found on every continent where there's free-flowing water.
10:51Normally quite large, with potential leg spans of up to 3.1 inches,
10:55their bodies are covered in short, velvety hairs that are hydrophobic,
10:59and these allow the spiders to use the surface tension of the water
11:02to walk or run across, as if it were solid ground.
11:05The surface of the water actually acts in the same way as a web does for other species,
11:09because by lying flat on it,
11:11fishing spiders can detect slight vibrations and use them to locate potential prey.
11:16They hunt small flies, other insects, and some small fish,
11:20and usually do so at night to avoid the risk of being hunted themselves by birds.
11:24They don't pose any actual risk to humans at all,
11:27but it can be quite a frightening experience
11:29seeing one of these scamper across a swimming pool when you're taking a relaxing dip.
11:37The brown widow, which is thought to have originated in South America,
11:40but can be found worldwide,
11:42is one of the species of widow spiders,
11:44and are closely related to black widows.
11:46Usually a light brown color,
11:48with an orange or yellow hourglass marking on the undersides of their abdomens,
11:52their bodies typically grow to a length of around half an inch.
11:56Like their relatives, these spiders have a neurotoxic venom
11:59that can cause severe pain, swelling, and muscle stiffness,
12:02and may even lead to death in some instances if problematic symptoms aren't treated.
12:07They aren't, however, able to deliver as much toxin in a bite as a black widow,
12:11so are generally regarded as being a less dangerous species.
12:15What's interesting about this is that they're far more aggressive,
12:18and when they live in an area where black widows are present,
12:20they're believed to take over and eliminate their cousins.
12:23This means that while you should definitely be wary of brown widows
12:26and the danger they pose,
12:28it's probably a good sign if you see one,
12:30because the chances of coming across a more deadly black widow are much reduced.
12:39There are ten known species of golden silk orb weaver spiders,
12:42which are found in Australia, Asia, Africa, and the Americas,
12:46where they like to live in environments that are moist and full of vegetation.
12:50This provides the perfect surroundings for them to build their webs and produce offspring,
12:54and if you ever encounter one, you'll notice they're very different
12:57to how you'd normally expect a spider to be.
13:00The first unusual thing about them is that, as the name would suggest,
13:03the webs they spin have a slight golden color instead of appearing to be white,
13:07which happens because of the presence of carotenoids in their silk.
13:11Rather than purely being an aesthetic choice,
13:13this is a form of camouflage,
13:15because the spiders spend virtually their entire lives on their webs.
13:19Normally, this would mean they're at much higher risk of predation,
13:22but the properties of their webs make them glimmer in the sunlight
13:25and makes the spider much harder to see.
13:28Growing up to five inches across,
13:30reddish, greenish, or yellow spiders can be formidable animals to encounter,
13:34and they will eat anything that gets trapped in their webs,
13:37even if the food is much larger than themselves.
13:40Luckily, their venom isn't anywhere near powerful enough to harm a human,
13:43but you'd surely get a shock if you walked face-first into one of their webs,
13:47especially if you aren't entirely sure where this spider itself is waiting.
13:56The tiger spider is a species that's native to Chile and other nearby countries,
14:00and like its feline namesake,
14:02is known for its heightened aggression and predatory nature,
14:05and as being the only known hunter of the common and dangerous Chilean recluse spider.
14:10Known to grow a leg span as much as three inches across,
14:13they have relatively small bodies
14:15and are quite often found at dark recesses in homes across South America.
14:19They eat insects, other spiders,
14:21and virtually anything else that's a manageable size for them,
14:24and won't ever attack anything that's more than twice their size,
14:27meaning humans are completely safe.
14:29The reason for this is because of their unique hunting method, though,
14:33and if you see this in action, even knowing it won't be turned on you,
14:36it'll probably still make you run a mile.
14:39Instead of biting with fangs and injecting venom to begin with,
14:42tiger spiders are able to squirt a sticky web from their abdomens
14:46that incapacitate their target before moving in for the kill.
14:49This is why they're also known as spitting spiders,
14:52and it is incredible to see, if not a little frightening too.
15:00The name trapdoor spider is given to various different species
15:03that, while they belong to different classifications,
15:05have developed similar techniques in how they build their burrows and capture prey.
15:10Found in regions across the globe,
15:12they are ground-dwelling spiders that can, in some instances,
15:15grow up to six inches across,
15:17and they spend the majority of their time hiding underground.
15:20Unlike other spiders that dig burrows, though,
15:23they attach lids at the top of theirs,
15:25so that from the outside it's hardly noticeable that there's a hole there at all.
15:29Different species have been known to use a range of materials to do this,
15:33such as bamboo, coconut, or twigs,
15:35and they normally have a silk hinge that allows them to be opened.
15:38Around the outside of the burrow,
15:40trapdoor spiders lay silk threads that are all connected to a strand that runs inside,
15:45and the moment that something passes close by the spider is alerted,
15:48it can then pounce out of the hole,
15:50grab a hold of the target,
15:51and pull it back into the burrow and close the door in an instant,
15:55which gives the prey very little chance to fight back or escape.
16:02While they're not technically spiders or scorpions,
16:05the thousand or so known species of Solofugae,
16:07which are commonly called camel spiders or wind scorpions,
16:11are some of the creepiest things you'll ever see with eight legs.
16:14They're closely related to spiders,
16:16with the main difference being that they're not able to produce silk
16:19and are usually found in hot deserts around the world,
16:22with the only continents devoid of any species being Australia and Antarctica.
16:26Each species has its unique traits,
16:28but the largest camel spiders can grow to around six inches long,
16:32and while it may seem as if they have ten legs,
16:34the two at the front are classed as pedipalps
16:36that don't touch the ground when they're walking,
16:38but are used for feeding and fighting.
16:40There are carnivorous and omnivorous species of camel spider,
16:43and they're relatively fast for creatures like this,
16:46with a top speed of up to ten miles per hour across flat land.
16:49They don't have venom like many spiders,
16:51but they're highly aggressive creatures,
16:53known to prey on insects like termites, beetles,
16:56and even lizards, birds, and rodents.
16:58Once they find a meal,
17:00they use their mouthparts to cut the victim into tiny pieces
17:03before liquefying the remains and drinking them through the pharynx.
17:06And while they never see a human as a potential target,
17:09there have been a number of instances where they've bitten a person,
17:12something that's said to be pretty painful.
17:18Australia is known for the number of dangerous animal species that live there,
17:22and it seems fitting that that's where you'll find
17:24what's often claimed to be the deadliest spider of all.
17:27Known as the redback, it's a type of widow spider,
17:30but far more dangerous than the closely related black and brown widows.
17:34With a body length of about a half an inch,
17:36they're identifiable by their spherical black body
17:39with a red stripe along the back
17:41and an hourglass-shaped marking on the underside of the abdomen.
17:44They're a nocturnal species that build messy webs
17:47in warm, sheltered locations,
17:49and this means that quiet human structures are ideal for them.
17:52Their usual diet is made up of insects, spiders,
17:55and other small animals that get caught in their web,
17:58and when this happens, the redback will crawl up to it,
18:01squirt it with a sticky web-like substance to prevent it from moving,
18:04inject its highly potent venom with its two fangs,
18:07and then wrap the prey in silk before sucking up the liquefied remains.
18:11Due to the way they often build their webs near human activity
18:14and the fact they'll aggressively defend themselves if they feel at risk,
18:18redbacks are one of the most potentially problematic spider species for humans,
18:22with bites often resulting in extreme pain, nausea, vomiting, and hallucinations.
18:27The redback is said to have historically been responsible
18:30for more human envenomations that require treatment
18:33than any other animal in Australia,
18:35with as many as 10,000 people being thought to be bitten each year.
18:39And while this sounds bad and will have been extremely unpleasant
18:42for all who are attacked, there's a very good chance you'll survive.
18:46In fact, the most recent death associated with one happened in 2016,
18:50and there are only 15 confirmed deaths by redbacks in the last 150 years.
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