Certains des endroits les plus densément peuplés de la planète se trouvent dans des villes comme Mumbai, en Inde, où les quartiers peuvent être extrêmement encombrés, avec des gens vivant les uns près des autres dans des immeubles de grande hauteur et des rues étroites. Tokyo, au Japon, se distingue également pour ses zones urbaines densément peuplées et son utilisation efficace des terres. Dans des endroits comme Hong Kong et Singapour, les gratte-ciels et les complexes d'appartements sont courants, hébergeant de grandes populations dans des zones relativement petites. Dans certains endroits, un village entier vit sur un territoire plus petit qu'un terrain de football ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00From tiny islands to giant cities that extend for tens of kilometers,
00:06you will discover the most densely populated places on the planet.
00:10You will wonder about the limits of the impossible.
00:13How far are people willing to go in their quest for a better life,
00:17or simply to try to survive?
00:21Among these places are Hong Kong and the Maldives.
00:25The Egyptian city of Tanta is a tiny island on Lake Victoria in Africa.
00:31Discover how people manage to live there.
00:34Hong Kong has an official population of 7,500,000 inhabitants,
00:39and this figure should reach 8,500,000 by 2041.
00:44The density of the city's population is more than 18,000 people for 2.5 square kilometers.
00:51Despite a rather low birth rate, the population of Hong Kong is increasing.
00:56This paradox has an explanation.
00:58A large number of people constantly migrate to Hong Kong
01:02because of all the opportunities this city offers, especially in terms of employment.
01:07The price of land there is incredibly high.
01:10This is one of the main reasons for its high-density development.
01:14Low-income people, or even middle-income, can only afford to live in skyscrapers.
01:21Hong Kong has more than 9,000.
01:24In addition, more than 300 buildings exceed 150 meters high.
01:29It's more than New York, Shanghai and Dubai.
01:33If Hong Kong has become one of the tallest cities in the world,
01:36it is largely due to its incredible urban planning.
01:41At the same time, housing is incredibly expensive in this region.
01:45The average cost of a house is 18 times higher than the average annual income.
01:50This is why the less fortunate people live in what are called housing complexes,
01:55apartments smaller than a standard parking lot in the United States.
02:00Take, for example, Quarry Bay, a very dense district in eastern Hong Kong, and its Monster Building.
02:07It is not a single building, but a group of five buildings connected to each other.
02:13These five blocks have more than 2,200 units,
02:16and, according to the rumor, they would house about 10,000 people.
02:21Despite the high living conditions faced by most Hong Kong residents,
02:26the city also houses several dozen billionaires.
02:30Look, it's half a football field.
02:33And this is what a third of Bill Gates' house looks like.
02:36Another example, the two fifths of the White House.
02:39These figures are not random.
02:42They correspond to the territory of the island of Migingo,
02:45located in Lake Victoria, between Kenya and Uganda.
02:49More than a hundred people live on this little piece of land.
02:52Don't you think these metal roofs look like a huge turtle floating on water?
02:58Unfortunately, because of the size of its territory,
03:01there is almost no vegetation.
03:04Most of its surface is covered with rocks,
03:07except for this tiny area covered with grass, where barely five shrubs grow.
03:13The island is entirely dedicated to fish and fishing.
03:17The docking point turns into a fish market every day at noon.
03:21The trade does not last long.
03:23It usually ends at 2 p.m. when the boat leaves.
03:27The island's inhabitants only have fish.
03:30That's why they stock up every morning in Kenya
03:33on first-need products for small businesses.
03:37That's also why it is possible to buy everything you need in local stores,
03:41food, fishing equipment, etc.
03:45The inhabitants do not just fish.
03:47They scour their fish on the rocks, fry it and eat it in cafes.
03:53Indeed, there are about 13 cafes and bars on the island.
03:57People eat there, play dice and cook Lugali,
04:00a typical dish made with corn flour.
04:03But let's go back to the gigantic cities and lively streets.
04:06Welcome to Shenzhen, the most densely populated city in China.
04:11This metropolis has about 17,500,000 inhabitants.
04:15With so many residents, the city is faced with many challenges,
04:19such as schools and overcrowded beaches.
04:22As for the latter, some areas have even set up a reservation system
04:27to control daily influx.
04:29The most surprising thing about this metropolis
04:32is that it has reached its current size in just 40 years.
04:36Before, it was a fishing village.
04:40Then, thanks to the support of the authorities and the proximity to Hong Kong,
04:45the city became a very active financial and economic center.
04:49Today, it has the status of one of the most active container ports in the world,
04:54with Shanghai and Singapore.
04:57Shenzhen has also seen the highest increase in the number of millionaires
05:01in the last ten years, 140%.
05:04This increase is much greater than in other leading Chinese cities,
05:08including Beijing and Shanghai.
05:11Ile-à-Broué is an island in the Caribbean that is part of Haiti,
05:15and it is one of the densely populated islands in the world.
05:18About 500 people live there on a surface of barely 0.04 km².
05:24You might think it's a simple fishing village,
05:27but Ile-à-Broué looks more like a factory.
05:30As soon as you set foot on this island, you will see a maze of alleys.
05:35Following them, you will pass in front of twisted cabins,
05:38covered with rubble and tar,
05:40and you will find yourself in the center of the city.
05:43The main sites of interest are two concrete buildings,
05:46one of which is a shop.
05:48In the middle, you will see a modest public square
05:51equipped with two solar-powered lighthouses.
05:54One is old and no longer in use, the other is brand new.
05:58On the island, men are more numerous than women and children.
06:02Many people leave the city to fish during the day.
06:06The horizon surrounding the island is scattered with sails and pirogues.
06:10Those who stay on the island do other work,
06:13such as repairing boats, nets and traps,
06:16and preparing tons of fish that they ship to Haiti and elsewhere.
06:20As for the children, they spend their days swimming.
06:24Our next destination is the Egyptian city of Tanta,
06:28which is also one of the densely populated places in the world.
06:32It has about 7,000 inhabitants for 2.5 km².
06:36As a comparison, New York has a little less than 3,000 inhabitants for 2.5 km².
06:43This city is located between Le Caire and Alexandria.
06:47It has huge cotton plantations and, in 1856,
06:51it became a stage of the railway network,
06:54mainly for the export to Europe of the cotton grown in the region.
06:59Although the surroundings of Tanta are essentially made up of fields,
07:03the colony turned into a large overpopulated city.
07:06At the end of October,
07:08the locality becomes the center of the celebration of the cotton harvest.
07:123 million people come from all over the delta
07:15and other parts of the Arab world for this colorful holiday that lasts 8 days.
07:20Tanta is famous for its sweets.
07:23They are made of gelatin, coconut, sesame, peanuts and chickpeas.
07:28Tons of these sweets are sold during the festivals to the many Egyptians who visit the city.
07:34Nothing surprising about that.
07:36These sweets have been famous since the 18th century.
07:39Tanta also has many cotton transformation plants,
07:43as well as textile industries.
07:45It is also a university city.
07:47The University of Tanta was founded in 1972.
07:51Malé, the capital of the Maldives,
07:53has more than 200,000 inhabitants,
07:55that is 49,000 people for 2.5 square kilometers.
07:5980% of the land is about 1.2 meters above sea level,
08:04which means that if a part of the island is submerged,
08:07the inhabitants will have to be relocated.
08:09The artificial island created to manage waste is already overloaded.
08:13In 1997, Hulu Malé, another artificial island,
08:17was built to reduce the immense demographic pressure.
08:21Today, it is already as developed as Malé.
08:24The Maldives are made up of more than 1,000 islands,
08:27extending along an axis of 805 kilometers.
08:30They are all coral islands.
08:32They have developed around prehistoric underwater volcanoes.
08:35Only 188 islands are inhabited,
08:38but most of them have less than 1,000 inhabitants.
08:41More and more Maldivians give up the island life
08:45and settle in the capital.
08:47But Malé is already at the limit of human habitation.
08:51If an even larger number of people settle there,
08:54the physical structure of the island will have to be completely rethought.
08:58Authorities have already begun to surround Malé with maritime bridges
09:02and habitable artificial islands.