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00:00:00 One day, all the crabs disappeared.
00:00:03 People searched in the seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, tropical forests.
00:00:08 Not a single crab was alive. Only old carapaces.
00:00:12 Crabs moult several times throughout their lives.
00:00:15 Their bodies continue to grow, but not their envelopes.
00:00:18 So they get rid of their old costumes and hide.
00:00:21 They wait for their new carapaces to grow.
00:00:24 But why did all the crabs moult on the same day?
00:00:27 Where are they hiding?
00:00:29 Six months later, "Great!" says an old fisherman.
00:00:32 He pulls on his fishing rod.
00:00:34 He's on his boat, catching fish in the Atlantic.
00:00:37 The rod hasn't moved for an hour,
00:00:39 but something big has just taken hold of his hook.
00:00:42 The fisherman pulls on the fishing rod with all his might.
00:00:45 Then, joy on his face gives way to fear.
00:00:48 A giant crab claw comes out of the water and cuts the fishing line.
00:00:52 A second claw comes out and breaks the boat in two at once.
00:00:56 At this point, a cargo ship passes by and makes the monster flee.
00:01:00 Sailors drag the fisherman onto the deck of their boat
00:01:03 and look over the shore.
00:01:05 A huge crab, the size of a car, swims around them.
00:01:09 Its claw comes out again and clings to the ship's metal hull.
00:01:13 The metal's grease is deafening.
00:01:16 The captain orders the boat to speed up,
00:01:19 and suddenly, the crab's huge claw comes off.
00:01:22 The boat sails to the shore.
00:01:24 The tide is mysteriously low.
00:01:27 A strange vibration is felt on the shore.
00:01:30 The sand begins to collapse on itself, and holes appear.
00:01:33 Monstrous crabs come out, crawling.
00:01:36 There are hundreds, thousands of them, and they all head for the water.
00:01:41 It's panic. People flee, screaming.
00:01:44 People film this general outcry, and the videos go viral.
00:01:48 But this is not an isolated event.
00:01:51 These monsters appear all over the world, and nobody knows why.
00:01:56 Crabs dig out earthworms to eat.
00:01:59 In the depths of the sand, they are protected from predators and bad weather.
00:02:03 This time, something strange happened.
00:02:05 They hid much deeper than usual,
00:02:08 which gave them more time to grow.
00:02:11 For six months, they stayed in their hole, waiting for their new carapace.
00:02:15 Now they are outside, and they want only one thing, food.
00:02:20 Most crabs eat fish, alive or not,
00:02:23 snails, and even other crabs,
00:02:25 everything that gets in their way.
00:02:28 They love to fight, and are naturally aggressive.
00:02:31 But now that they are huge, small shells and algae are no longer enough.
00:02:36 Big fish would be perfect, but they are impossible to catch for crabs that are not good swimmers.
00:02:41 On the other hand, on land, they move rather quickly.
00:02:45 Big fish have no problem with this, but can we say the same about other creatures?
00:02:50 The next day, thousands of gods appear on the surface of the water, like periscopes.
00:02:56 Crabs have excellent vision. They can spot a prey from far away.
00:03:00 Their eyes can tell the difference between houses and moving objects,
00:03:04 cars and people.
00:03:06 Thousands of pointed and sharp pliers come out of the water and head for the city.
00:03:11 It's chaos in the street.
00:03:13 Crabs run everywhere, cut off electric poles, overturn cars and break windows.
00:03:18 People rush to a street.
00:03:21 A crab cuts in their way.
00:03:23 They look at their prey, but the street is too narrow.
00:03:27 People are safe.
00:03:29 Or maybe not.
00:03:31 The crab pivots to the side, then slides into the alley.
00:03:34 It's hungry and slaps its claws.
00:03:37 People are stuck on all sides.
00:03:39 Crabs are everywhere. The only way out is up.
00:03:43 People rush to the elevator leading to the roof.
00:03:46 Crabs try to follow them, but everything they cling to,
00:03:49 trees, even the metal elevator, collapse under their enormous weight.
00:03:54 Crabs stay down, their eyes raised, hungry.
00:03:58 From the top of the roof, people watch the monsters destroy the city.
00:04:02 Most humans have gone to their homes, but this does not stop the arthropods.
00:04:06 They demolish doors and walls.
00:04:09 The entire population must gather on the roofs,
00:04:12 and help can only come from heaven.
00:04:15 Finally, helicopters arrive to evacuate everyone.
00:04:18 The huge crabs cause huge problems on Christmas Island.
00:04:22 It is located between Indonesia and Australia.
00:04:25 Its inhabitants pack their bags, head for the rock and leave.
00:04:29 They are afraid and do not know what to expect.
00:04:32 Once the last human has left, calm returns to the island.
00:04:35 But no more crabs are seen. What is happening?
00:04:38 The sky is covered, and it starts to rain heavily.
00:04:41 As soon as the first drop hits the ground, a small vibration spreads over the land.
00:04:46 The tropical forest in the center of the island begins to change shape.
00:04:50 Trees fall and the earth trembles.
00:04:52 But this is not a earthquake. It's worse.
00:04:55 Gigantic red crabs begin to appear.
00:04:58 Not hundreds, not thousands, but tens of millions.
00:05:02 The crabs migrate every year from the tropical forest to the coast of the Indian Ocean to reproduce.
00:05:07 Even when their size is normal, their multitude covers the roads.
00:05:11 It looks like a long red river.
00:05:13 The migration lasts about three weeks.
00:05:15 But now, they have become huge, they cover almost half of the island.
00:05:20 They cut down trees, demolish cars, houses, everything in their path.
00:05:25 Then, just like that, they disappear into the Indian Ocean.
00:05:29 It looks like a typhoon has passed on the island.
00:05:32 Crab hunters appear all over the world.
00:05:34 They capture monsters and tame them.
00:05:36 But no, these crustaceans do not become pets.
00:05:39 People mount them to fight.
00:05:42 In the Middle Ages, two mounted knights of spears rushed on each other on horseback,
00:05:46 trying to overthrow each other.
00:05:48 Today, it is on crabs that we settle in tournaments.
00:05:52 Giant crabs instead of horses, and spears instead of spears.
00:05:57 The strongest crabs live in the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.
00:06:01 These are the crocodile crabs.
00:06:03 They do not need a lot of water.
00:06:05 They live especially in the forests.
00:06:07 And they have the most powerful claws of their species.
00:06:10 The only thing that comes close is the formidable jaw of alligators.
00:06:14 Try to cut a coconut tree.
00:06:16 You will need a hammer and maybe other tools.
00:06:19 These crabs do it with their claws.
00:06:21 Now that they are this size, they can cut a palm tree in two without blowing.
00:06:25 But there is good news.
00:06:27 The waters of Japan house a very useful species, the giant spider crab,
00:06:32 whose size is unequaled.
00:06:34 It is about 3.5 meters in width from claw to claw,
00:06:37 the length of a car.
00:06:40 Its long legs make it look like a spider.
00:06:43 Rare are the animals that would want to measure themselves to such a big crab.
00:06:47 The new spider crabs are as large as a five-story building.
00:06:50 And they make steps about three meters long.
00:06:53 What is really cool is that these crabs can live up to 100 years.
00:06:58 Even better, they are not aggressive.
00:07:00 These large, friendly giants mainly eat plants.
00:07:03 And you can raise them and mount them.
00:07:05 It's a bit like sitting on the back of a gigantic camel.
00:07:09 Now that crabs have no more predators or enemies,
00:07:12 their numbers keep growing.
00:07:14 They take control of the planet and humans are powerless.
00:07:18 Their solid shells protect them from attacks.
00:07:20 And their claws are formidable weapons.
00:07:22 Cities are rich in gigantic walls to protect themselves from these new creatures.
00:07:26 And scientists are desperately trying to find a solution.
00:07:30 Crabs do not live only near the shores.
00:07:33 They live in forests, rivers, lakes,
00:07:36 almost everywhere where there is moisture.
00:07:38 It is already very difficult to repel a giant crab.
00:07:41 So, hundreds?
00:07:43 People are starting to take refuge in the great dry deserts.
00:07:46 It is difficult to survive there.
00:07:48 Humans need food and water,
00:07:50 just like giant crabs.
00:07:52 Crabs are everywhere and humans have no way to stop them.
00:07:56 There seems to be no hope.
00:07:58 But just at that moment, they remember something.
00:08:02 No need for scientists and inventors.
00:08:04 There is an old fisherman's trick that could be the solution to the problem of crabs.
00:08:09 It's called a crab jump or a crab trap.
00:08:12 If you put a group of crabs in a jump, they will not be able to escape.
00:08:16 Instantly, they will start to bother each other.
00:08:19 When a crab climbs, the other crabs catch it and pull it down.
00:08:23 It is not necessary that it is a jump.
00:08:25 Traps can have all kinds of shapes,
00:08:28 in funnels, cubes, even pyramids.
00:08:30 So this is the solution we found.
00:08:33 People dig deep ditches all over the world and cover them with concrete walls
00:08:37 so that the monstrous crabs cannot escape by digging.
00:08:41 Then they attract crabs with fish and appetizing algae.
00:08:45 Once the crabs have entered, they are trapped for good.
00:08:49 Victory!
00:08:50 And soon, supermarkets around the world offer crab at a discount.
00:08:54 Do not forget the sauce!
00:08:56 Get ready to see some weird things.
00:09:00 We are going to plunge into the fascinating world of sea cucumbers.
00:09:03 These detritivores with soft bodies, the recyclers of nature.
00:09:07 These exotic marine creatures may not be the first pet we imagine at home.
00:09:13 But believe me, they have unique talents in their kind that are worth a look.
00:09:19 Sea cucumbers are small colorful creatures,
00:09:22 whose digestive system consists mainly of a hole at each end.
00:09:26 Their bodies are fat and soft, covered with a coreous skin.
00:09:30 And guess what?
00:09:31 They breathe through their buttocks and their tail.
00:09:34 These amazing creatures have indeed found a way to pull the best part of each part of their body,
00:09:39 however small it may be.
00:09:41 You may be wondering what sea cucumbers do with their unique skills.
00:09:46 Well, they play a crucial role in the cleaning of the waters of our planet.
00:09:50 They feed on all the debris found on the seabed.
00:09:54 Their digestive system breaks down debris and thus eliminates all bad substances.
00:09:59 It's a bit like little vacuum cleaners cleaning the bottom of the ocean.
00:10:02 Believe it or not, sea cucumbers are also very popular in the kitchen.
00:10:07 They are harvested and marketed in many countries.
00:10:10 The Asian market in particular is in full swing.
00:10:13 They are sold cooked and dried, under all kinds of fanciful names.
00:10:18 If you prefer a more popular name, you can simply call them "sea slugs".
00:10:24 Now, you won't believe your eyes.
00:10:27 A dried sea cucumber can cost you up to $ 1,400 per pound.
00:10:32 These viscous delights are really worth their weight in gold.
00:10:35 But let's go back in time a bit.
00:10:37 The tradition of sea cucumbers goes back a long way.
00:10:42 More than 1,000 years in Asia, to be precise.
00:10:45 And as demand for these curious creatures has increased rapidly,
00:10:49 this has led to an over-exploitation of local fisheries
00:10:52 and thus to a decrease in sea cucumber stocks in many countries.
00:10:56 Not good for our little sea cucumbers friends.
00:10:59 Thus, the need to find them elsewhere quickly became felt.
00:11:03 One of the most interesting examples of sea cucumbers is the Hennepiniast.
00:11:08 Not only does it have an astonishing appearance,
00:11:11 but it also has an excellent defense system
00:11:14 that allows it to use bioluminescence to scare its predators.
00:11:18 Fortunately, brilliant researchers from all over the world have decided to act
00:11:21 and have set out to raise sea cucumbers and restore the exhausted stocks.
00:11:27 They are also studying how these creatures can be a reasonable food resource
00:11:31 and contribute to reducing the damage caused by fish farming.
00:11:35 In Scotland, for example, a team of enthusiastic students has created a company for this specific purpose.
00:11:40 Their goal?
00:11:42 To understand how sea cucumbers are able to absorb so many harmful substances in water.
00:11:46 They could well be the aquatic superheroes we were waiting for.
00:11:50 Meanwhile, in Sweden, marine biologists are working hard
00:11:54 to restore the population of Cucumaria miniata.
00:11:57 These poor creatures have disappeared from the local waters because of fishing,
00:12:01 but specialists are determined to give them a second chance.
00:12:05 By studying how sea cucumbers can integrate into the culture of sea products,
00:12:11 our laborators are gathering at one of the sea cucumber kitchens
00:12:15 where they deal with the approach to generate a new assessment of the virus.
00:12:21 And let's not forget Canada.
00:12:23 There, researchers are focusing on the Apostichopus californicus.
00:12:28 These magnificent sea cucumbers can measure up to 50 cm long
00:12:33 and are perfectly suited to co-cultivation with other species.
00:12:37 They are even trained to better open the systems of the species
00:12:40 which allow them to conserve more easily,
00:12:42 and the sea cucumbers they are the most useful.
00:12:45 Speaking of amazing marine creatures,
00:12:48 have you heard of a fish that can fly?
00:12:51 You heard right.
00:12:53 We are about to discover a world where swimmers can fly
00:12:56 and where the ocean becomes a landing site for these air acrobats.
00:13:00 You won't believe your eyes.
00:13:02 It's not me who wrote that.
00:13:06 So, imagine the scene.
00:13:08 You take off in the hot ocean.
00:13:11 You don't care what it is,
00:13:14 when suddenly you see a fish flying in the air like a torpedo
00:13:20 and yes, they exist well and they have a great style
00:13:25 with their body, fins and pectoral fins that look like wings.
00:13:30 These are the great flying beings of the ocean.
00:13:33 So, you may be wondering why a fish needs to fly.
00:13:36 Well, it turns out that these magnificent creatures
00:13:39 have developed this ability to glide to escape their underwater enemies.
00:13:43 And they have a lot of enemies.
00:13:45 And all of them are very friendly and tasty flying fish.
00:13:49 As for the diet of these flying creatures,
00:13:52 it is made up of a wide variety of snacks.
00:13:55 Because these fish are truly greedy.
00:13:58 They love, for example, plankton, "Miam",
00:14:01 who would have thought that tiny floating organisms could be so delicious.
00:14:06 Let's take a closer look at the album of flying fish families.
00:14:10 About forty species are known to hover in the sky.
00:14:13 And here's a funny fact.
00:14:15 All these species have a forked and asymmetrical tail.
00:14:18 The lower lobe is longer than the upper lobe.
00:14:22 Besides, it reminds a bit of the fish version of a bizarre hairstyle.
00:14:26 And that's not all.
00:14:27 Some of these funny flying creatures even have oversized pelvic fins.
00:14:31 Which gives the impression that they have four wings.
00:14:34 Can you imagine the jealousy of the rest of the fish
00:14:37 when they see Bones pass these fashion pioneers?
00:14:40 Now, let's get to the heart of the matter, their aerial exploits.
00:14:44 Flying fish is a real show.
00:14:48 First of all, it takes speed underwater
00:14:51 to reach a staggering speed of 37 miles per hour.
00:14:55 It's faster than some speed limits on cars.
00:14:59 Then, like a rocket ready to take off,
00:15:01 it tilts upwards and breaks the surface of the ocean to fly.
00:15:05 But it doesn't stop there.
00:15:07 These amateurs of strong sensations can reach heights of more than one meter in the air.
00:15:12 Can you imagine the view from above?
00:15:15 They glide through the sky and travel long distances.
00:15:19 The equivalent of a fish marathon.
00:15:21 They go back to the sea.
00:15:23 When they approach the water again,
00:15:25 they can fight from the neck and continue their flight without returning completely into the depths.
00:15:31 These flying fish are also adepts of nightlife.
00:15:34 Just like the fireflies are pressed around a sparkling disco ball,
00:15:38 flying fish are attracted by light.
00:15:41 The clever fishermen take advantage of this and set up canoes with just the right amount of water
00:15:47 so that the fish are comfortable but can't escape.
00:15:51 They then add a lamp hour to the scene
00:15:54 and in a blink of an eye, the flying fish are captured from one place to another,
00:15:58 offering an abundant harvest to the lucky fishermen.
00:16:01 Don't worry, these flying fish are not on the list of species on the verge of extinction.
00:16:06 At least, not yet.
00:16:08 The next time you're at sea, be careful.
00:16:11 You never know when you can witness a flying fish show.
00:16:15 Our next adventure takes us to the eccentric world of underwater romance.
00:16:20 Imagine a scene where someone is doing tango with their lunch.
00:16:24 Wait, what?
00:16:25 No, it's not a vomit contest, I promise you.
00:16:29 We are now going to dive head first into the tango coupling ritual.
00:16:34 These creatures have chosen a home in the coral reefs of the Caribbean and the West Atlantic
00:16:40 and they know how to give themselves a show.
00:16:43 Forget the flirting lines or the gallant gestures.
00:16:46 These fish with jaws rely on the unique movements of their jaws to pursue their potential partner.
00:16:52 It's like a dance contest, but with the mouth.
00:16:55 Not only are these fish skilled at picking up sand, but they are also stubborn parents.
00:17:00 So much hidden talent.
00:17:02 Males pass their parental duties to the higher levels
00:17:05 by carrying the precious eggs in their giant mouths until they are ready to hatch.
00:17:10 It's like they have their own aquatic nursery.
00:17:13 When they are not busy feeding their offspring,
00:17:16 these jawfish transform their mouths into fighting tools.
00:17:20 And yes, it's time for the fighting championship.
00:17:22 Fights.
00:17:24 They face each other in epic battles of strength and buccal agility.
00:17:28 Mouth against mouth.
00:17:30 Do you know the old saying, "Join the gesture to the speech"?
00:17:34 Well, it's "mouth to mouth" that applies it to a whole other level.
00:17:38 Whether it's romance, parentalism or friendly competition,
00:17:43 "mouth to mouth" shows us that acts are sometimes more eloquent than words.
00:17:48 They can sometimes feel like they're having a bad experience.
00:17:51 But rest assured, it's their unique way of expressing themselves and finding love.
00:17:58 There are many fish in the sea.
00:18:00 Some look like Nemo or Dory,
00:18:04 then there's the butterfly fish,
00:18:06 and the charming guppy, who is indeed very elegant.
00:18:09 And then there's...
00:18:11 Ah, what is that?
00:18:13 I certainly wouldn't pay a baptism of diving to see this thing.
00:18:17 The jawfish officially holds the title of the most ugly animal in the world.
00:18:22 But I would never dare to tell him the news.
00:18:25 There are more than 200 species of jawfish
00:18:28 lurking somewhere in the dark depths of the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans,
00:18:34 and more than 1,000 meters deep.
00:18:37 Some of them prefer other living conditions,
00:18:40 like shallow tropical waters.
00:18:42 The different species of jawfish vary in shape and size,
00:18:46 from the famous dragon of the abyss to the frog fish,
00:18:49 the otter, the bat fish,
00:18:51 the football fish,
00:18:53 the sea bream and the sea bass.
00:18:55 The largest can reach half the length of an adult bed,
00:18:58 but most of them are less than 30 centimeters long.
00:19:02 Since the options in terms of meals are numerous where they live,
00:19:07 they had to develop a unique hunting technique.
00:19:10 They don't waste their precious energy chasing potential prey.
00:19:14 Instead, they use a piece of dorsal fin
00:19:17 that protrudes from their mouths like a fishing rod,
00:19:20 hence their English name "dangler fish".
00:19:23 At the end of this fishing rod is a bag of bioluminescent bacteria
00:19:27 that shines in the dark.
00:19:29 The light attracts the prey,
00:19:31 and the jawfish just has to wait
00:19:33 and enjoy its meal delivered directly into its mouth.
00:19:36 The jawfish's body is large and flexible,
00:19:39 which allows it to easily swallow prey twice its size.
00:19:43 The jawfish of the deep sea eat everything they find.
00:19:46 Species that live in less deep waters don't have a fine mouth either.
00:19:50 They can devour everything they come across,
00:19:53 from shrimp to snails, to small fish.
00:19:56 Only female jawfish are endowed with such a fishing rod.
00:20:00 But what about males?
00:20:02 Finding the female in the depths of the ocean is not so easy.
00:20:05 I mean, there is literally no light down there.
00:20:08 In addition, the temperatures are glacial,
00:20:11 and the oxygen level is very low.
00:20:13 Jawfish cannot afford to have many gallant dates in these conditions,
00:20:18 so they mate for life.
00:20:20 And before you think that's too cute,
00:20:22 it must be said that they do it in a rather special way.
00:20:26 Male jawfish are much smaller than their female.
00:20:30 The contrast is so striking
00:20:32 that when researchers first became interested in their love life,
00:20:36 they thought that these males were actually rejections,
00:20:40 or albinos, hanging around their mother.
00:20:44 Some species of male jawfish have receptors
00:20:47 that tell them that a female is nearby.
00:20:51 After mating, the male dies with his companion
00:20:54 and remains attached to his head, his belly,
00:20:56 near his tail, or any other place he has access to.
00:20:59 While they merge together forever,
00:21:02 the female receives the cells, DNA, and reproductive organs of the male,
00:21:06 but loses its immune cells.
00:21:09 The male is therefore housed and fed for free all the time.
00:21:13 Given the current prices of real estate,
00:21:15 it seems to be the worst.
00:21:17 But this housing is shared by a maximum of 8 males,
00:21:20 and they cannot move if the desire takes them one day.
00:21:23 It is unlikely that you will encounter this fish of the depths in real life,
00:21:27 but if you are a fan of ARK, Survival,
00:21:29 and you come across a jawfish,
00:21:31 do not forget that you can easily catch it by swimming
00:21:34 and swaddle it with tranquilizing arrows.
00:21:36 Once you have made a bond with it,
00:21:38 the jawfish can become your light,
00:21:40 and help you discover new areas thanks to its bioluminescent capsules.
00:21:45 Back in the real world,
00:21:47 in the twilight zone of the ocean,
00:21:49 between 200 and 1000 meters deep,
00:21:51 the jawfish is not the only creature you are lucky to never meet.
00:21:55 Many inhabitants of the region seem straight out of a horror movie
00:21:59 or science fiction,
00:22:01 but it is because they had to adapt to this dark and abyssal world.
00:22:05 I did my best to prepare you for the creatures you are about to meet,
00:22:09 starting with the jawfish.
00:22:12 The latter spends most of their life in the depths,
00:22:16 but at night, they go back to the surface to feed.
00:22:19 These animals are more active than most other inhabitants of the abyss.
00:22:23 They do not wait for food to come to them,
00:22:26 but catch it with their long carnivorous teeth.
00:22:29 As they do not have integrated bulbs like the jawfish,
00:22:32 they have developed an excellent sense of smell and exploit the weak sunlight
00:22:37 that they manage to dissolve in the depths to find themselves.
00:22:41 Sometimes, the shadow of a potential prey passing by is enough to make them go into action.
00:22:46 Although they do not look very charming,
00:22:48 they are quite harmless to humans,
00:22:50 sometimes you come across one of them.
00:22:53 Malacosteus seems to be the name of a forbidden spell,
00:22:57 but it is actually another inhabitant of the depths,
00:23:00 which has quite sneaky hunting habits.
00:23:03 It has special photophores producing light under each eye.
00:23:07 These emit green and red light like a traffic light.
00:23:11 Unlike other fish,
00:23:13 they hardly ever leave the twilight zone
00:23:16 and the midnight zone which is between 1000 and 4000 meters.
00:23:20 Their lower jaw represents a quarter of the total length of their body,
00:23:24 and they keep it open all the time in the hope of getting a meal.
00:23:28 It looks like a fierce predator,
00:23:30 but it prefers plankton,
00:23:32 with an occasional dessert of shrimp,
00:23:35 krill or small fish.
00:23:37 You probably didn't expect to meet a hybrid of eel and bird, but here it is.
00:23:42 The Nemictis eel has a beak similar to that of a bird,
00:23:45 with curved tips.
00:23:47 This beak is provided with tiny, hooked teeth,
00:23:49 that eels use to catch the antennae of delicious shrimp.
00:23:54 This fish is very thin.
00:23:56 It can reach 1.5 meters and does not weigh more than 200 grams.
00:24:00 Researchers do not yet know all the secrets of this eel,
00:24:03 because it is quite difficult to study it in its natural habitat.
00:24:06 But it seems that it only reproduces once in its life,
00:24:09 and that it dies then.
00:24:11 Green calmar like to swim gently,
00:24:14 and let themselves be carried by the current.
00:24:16 They are fed with a solution of ammonium chloride lighter than water.
00:24:20 They therefore have no effort to move in the underwater depths,
00:24:24 in search of food and partners.
00:24:27 These creatures are transparent,
00:24:29 which allows them to melt in any landscape,
00:24:32 and not cast shadows by moving,
00:24:35 which constitutes an excellent survival tactic.
00:24:38 In case of danger, this eel can turn into a grumbling ball
00:24:42 by pushing its head and its tentacles into its paleal cavity.
00:24:46 It can also release ink in its coat,
00:24:49 and go from transparency to a blackish black.
00:24:52 This same ink can protect it against whales and starved sea birds.
00:24:56 Another tactic they use to scare predators
00:24:59 is to activate the bioluminescent organs around their eyes.
00:25:03 I'm starting to get hungry.
00:25:06 I could maybe nibble this sea cucumber.
00:25:09 Ouch, it moves.
00:25:10 I guess it has nothing to do with my salad, after all.
00:25:13 These soft-boiled animals live in all parts of the ocean,
00:25:16 from shallow waters to the depths of the abyss.
00:25:20 Most of them move slowly with their small feet,
00:25:24 but some crawl by moving their whole body.
00:25:27 Sea cucumbers can get rid of their internal organs
00:25:31 when approaching a predator.
00:25:33 These adjoining organs divert the attention of the intruder,
00:25:36 and the happy cucumber continues its journey
00:25:39 while letting its organs grow.
00:25:41 What is that sparkling in the distance?
00:25:44 It looks like someone dropped precious stones in the water.
00:25:47 It's a sapirina, also known as
00:25:50 "the most beautiful animal ever seen".
00:25:53 Some males among these copepods can change color,
00:25:56 going from deep blue to purple, red or gold.
00:25:59 A second later, everything has disappeared.
00:26:02 Then it starts again, shining with a thousand lights.
00:26:05 The secret of this magic is that their body is transparent
00:26:08 and reflects light differently from certain angles.
00:26:11 It looks like it's their way of communicating with each other
00:26:13 and attracting partners.
00:26:15 Female sapirinas don't have the same ability,
00:26:18 but their eyes are bigger than those of males,
00:26:21 probably to spot them from afar.
00:26:23 Males live in freedom,
00:26:25 while their souls remain in strange crystals-made ice palettes
00:26:28 in the form of barrels, called "salps".
00:26:31 Most of the ocean is still surrounded by mystery,
00:26:36 whether it's dark corners or creatures hiding in the abyss.
00:26:40 But sometimes, it gives us a glimpse of the scary things
00:26:43 that hide in these cold and dark depths.
00:26:46 For example, when you hear the news that creatures of the depths
00:26:49 have failed on the shore after the last storm,
00:26:52 some just look weird,
00:26:55 while others are real scary monsters
00:26:57 living at more than a thousand meters deep.
00:27:00 The coldest and deepest parts of the ocean
00:27:03 have generated a specific phenomenon called "gigantism".
00:27:06 Thus, sea spiders, calamari, worms
00:27:09 and many other animals,
00:27:11 mainly invertebrates,
00:27:13 that is, creatures without a spine,
00:27:16 are all much bigger and scarier
00:27:18 than the versions we observe in the less deep areas.
00:27:21 In the depths of the Pacific,
00:27:23 you can find a sea sponge as big as a monospace,
00:27:26 or the Mesonychotitis hamilton,
00:27:29 or the colossal calamari,
00:27:31 which lives in the sub-antarctic waters
00:27:33 and is nearly 14 times longer than the Anchorneae Minami
00:27:36 or Nototodarus Loani,
00:27:38 a type of calamari that lives mainly offshore New Zealand.
00:27:41 Researchers have found quantities of these underwater monsters
00:27:44 in the abyssal area of the ocean,
00:27:46 between 4,000 and 6,000 meters deep.
00:27:49 In 2021, researchers managed to bring back images
00:27:52 of the giant phantom jellyfish.
00:27:54 It was at a depth of 1,000 meters,
00:27:57 and its tentacles extended over 10 meters long.
00:28:00 I wouldn't like to fall on that on the beach.
00:28:02 It probably only feeds on small fish and plankton,
00:28:05 but it can swim to depths of over 6,500 meters.
00:28:09 And over there, this giant jellyfish doesn't find enough food.
00:28:13 How does it survive then?
00:28:15 Scientists have not yet found the answer to this question.
00:28:19 And there are even more questions about the giant calamari,
00:28:23 the largest member of its species ever discovered.
00:28:26 This monster is 13 meters long and weighs nearly a ton.
00:28:30 Imagine that its tentacles grab your car
00:28:33 or any object of this kind.
00:28:35 It would crush it like a toy.
00:28:38 There is no light in the abyss,
00:28:40 because the sun's rays cannot penetrate so deeply.
00:28:44 So there are no algae or underwater plants.
00:28:47 The local fauna therefore mainly feeds on snow.
00:28:50 Marine snow is not like the one used to make snowballs.
00:28:54 It's all the little debris or debris
00:28:56 that rains from the ocean's surface,
00:28:59 maybe even the remains that predators couldn't finish up there.
00:29:02 So it's not much.
00:29:04 But apparently, it's enough for creatures hiding in the depths,
00:29:08 like giant calamari.
00:29:10 Calamari that generally live at such depths
00:29:12 don't bother to go and get their prey.
00:29:15 They just wait for the poor animal to swim
00:29:18 to their long tentacles and fall into the pan.
00:29:21 This may not be the most efficient technique,
00:29:24 because few animals risk swimming in these dark and cold areas.
00:29:28 But this method saves energy.
00:29:31 A giant calamari eats only about 30 grams of fish per day,
00:29:34 which is about 45 calories.
00:29:37 That's about 50 times less calories
00:29:39 than what an average person should eat per day.
00:29:43 So when a calamari eats a fish,
00:29:45 it keeps it for a few days.
00:29:48 We hope that giant calamari won't have the idea
00:29:50 to go back to the surface to look for food
00:29:52 when they won't have enough in the abyss.
00:29:55 And we really hope that the giant sharks of the Groenland,
00:29:58 even more numerous, won't have the same idea.
00:30:01 We find them at depths up to 2,200 meters.
00:30:05 They swim three times slower than we move on foot,
00:30:08 a speed of 1.2 km/h.
00:30:12 This slow speed is part of the energy saving mechanism
00:30:15 that creatures in the depths need to survive.
00:30:19 But these sharks can perform short speed jumps
00:30:22 when they try to catch a prey.
00:30:25 However, they have changed their diet,
00:30:28 from predators to predators,
00:30:31 depending on their environment,
00:30:33 because there will always be more remains
00:30:35 falling from the surface than animals to hunt.
00:30:37 The sharks of the Groenland only grow 1 cm per year,
00:30:40 and an average individual is usually 6.5 meters long,
00:30:44 which means they live extremely long,
00:30:47 sometimes up to 400 years.
00:30:49 They also have a very slow metabolism,
00:30:51 which is one of the main factors of their longevity.
00:30:54 The sharks of the Groenland like to spend time in cold waters.
00:30:57 They are adapted to it because their tissues contain specific chemical compounds
00:31:01 that prevent the formation of ice crystals on their entire bodies.
00:31:05 This means that they have a kind of natural antifreeze.
00:31:09 What makes them so big?
00:31:11 Scientists are still not sure,
00:31:13 but some theories try to explain it.
00:31:16 According to Kluyber's law,
00:31:18 larger animals tend to be the most effective.
00:31:21 Just compare a small fish to a whale,
00:31:24 whose mass is hundreds of times higher.
00:31:27 The whale has a much better metabolism.
00:31:30 It conserves energy more efficiently
00:31:32 and disperses it less in the environment in the form of heat.
00:31:35 Larger animals can ingest larger prey.
00:31:38 They are more likely to face difficult problems in their environment
00:31:43 or to defend themselves against predators that come to them.
00:31:46 In addition, the body thickens when the temperatures are lower.
00:31:50 The shark of the Groenland is a perfect example of this,
00:31:53 just like giant sea spiders.
00:31:55 Sea spiders are quite common,
00:31:57 and there are very small ones,
00:31:59 even 1 mm in size.
00:32:01 But in the deepest areas of Antarctica,
00:32:03 they become giants 1 meter long.
00:32:06 If they become so big,
00:32:08 it's because the cold water contains more oxygen.
00:32:11 The oxygen is therefore more dispersed in the animal's body,
00:32:14 which allows it to grow.
00:32:16 Yes, both as an organism and as a creature of nightmares.
00:32:19 And what about this giant green tubicle, the Riftia pachyptila?
00:32:23 Researchers accidentally discovered it
00:32:25 while they were studying the mysteries of the Pacific Ocean.
00:32:28 They came across unusual hydrothermal chimneys.
00:32:32 It is volcanic heat that is at the origin of this.
00:32:35 When water infiltrates through cracks or cracks in the rock,
00:32:39 these winds change direction.
00:32:41 And when the water comes out,
00:32:43 it is rich in minerals and chemical compounds.
00:32:46 Most animals could never survive this toxic soup,
00:32:50 but not these green tubicles.
00:32:52 This was a real surprise.
00:32:54 Because not only are they not bothered by these toxic chimneys
00:32:58 and by the almost boiling water temperature,
00:33:01 but they have developed entire ecosystems there.
00:33:04 They are unique because they do not need sunlight to survive.
00:33:08 Instead, small bacteria are their main source of energy.
00:33:13 These bacteria draw their energy directly from these toxic chemical compounds.
00:33:17 So it's not photosynthesis, but a process called chemosynthesis.
00:33:22 And these green tubicles have no mouth.
00:33:24 The bacteria live inside them.
00:33:26 Funny story, isn't it?
00:33:28 In addition, these scary green can reach up to 2.4 meters.
00:33:32 The batinomus, or giant isopods, are no better off either.
00:33:37 They hide in the depths of the ocean,
00:33:39 500 meters or more away from sunlight,
00:33:43 and look like monstrous clopards.
00:33:46 They spend most of their time on the ocean floor,
00:33:49 hoping to get food from the upper layers of the ocean.
00:33:53 Look at these small, pointed claws at the end of their legs.
00:33:56 These isopods are used to remain stable
00:33:59 when they move on the bottom of the ocean.
00:34:02 As there is no light, they have long antennas that allow them to locate themselves.
00:34:07 These sensory antennas measure about half the length of their body,
00:34:11 and the batinomus also have fairly large eyes in proportion.
00:34:14 These isopods can measure more than 30 centimeters from head to tail.
00:34:18 These are very patient animals.
00:34:20 Do you remember that we said that creatures of the depths rarely found food?
00:34:25 Sometimes, they have to wait years before getting a real meal.
00:34:29 That's why their metabolism is incredibly slow.
00:34:32 They can spend five years without eating anything.
00:34:34 Imagine that! I'm hungry just to talk about it.
00:34:37 In 2006, a biologist named Craig MacLean
00:34:40 did research to observe the differences between the abysses
00:34:44 and the shallow regions of the ocean.
00:34:46 He realized that the deep sea was reflected by the law of Foster.
00:34:50 First of all, the most isolated parts of the globe
00:34:53 develop a biodiversity that can't be found anywhere else.
00:34:56 Secondly, small organisms develop much more when they are isolated
00:35:01 than life on the large terrestrial expanses.
00:35:03 Resources are limited, but so are competition and predators.
00:35:08 And we still don't know much about these creatures of the depths.
00:35:12 It's too expensive and too complicated to do such research.
00:35:16 We'll have to wait until other storms show us at least
00:35:19 a part of the monstrous world that the frozen depths of the oceans hide.
00:35:24 Do you want to give a high-five to a marine creature?
00:35:27 Well, raise your swimsuit, or rather your hand, for the Tasmanian red-handed fish.
00:35:33 This fish doesn't swim, it walks.
00:35:35 It uses its hands in the form of a swimsuit to walk on the bottom of the ocean,
00:35:39 and it is very often disturbed by swimmers and boats.
00:35:43 Some people even want to bring them back as pets,
00:35:46 but it's better to give them a simple hand sign and keep swimming.
00:35:50 The Abyss Vampire
00:35:52 Its scientific name is Vampirotetis Infernalis,
00:35:57 which translates to "Vampire Calamary of Hell".
00:36:00 That's all.
00:36:01 This Calamary seems to be meant to terrify everyone with its name,
00:36:05 its dark red color, its spikes,
00:36:07 and the frightening fact that it can turn inside like a sock.
00:36:11 It loves to show off, but it is as harmless as a kitten to humans.
00:36:17 It's as if Dracula was scaring you, but he didn't have a crow to suck your blood.
00:36:22 The Abyss Vampire feeds on food particles from plants and animal matter floating near the ocean surface.
00:36:30 Since it's not a predator, it needs an effective defensive strategy,
00:36:34 and its vampiric appearance is designed to keep big creatures away from eating it.
00:36:39 Retracting is also a defensive mechanism,
00:36:42 because the areas of the inner skin are more intimidating.
00:36:46 It also expels a substance that has no color,
00:36:49 but is filled with bioluminescent particles to distract predators.
00:36:54 The Pacific Sea Vampire
00:36:56 Going on a cruise off the Mexican coast seems to be the perfect holiday recipe.
00:37:01 The sun, turquoise water, the most threatened marine creature.
00:37:05 Wait, what?
00:37:07 The Pacific Sea Vampire is not dangerous,
00:37:09 but don't expect it to stay in the parishes to say hello or sign autographs.
00:37:14 It's incredibly shy.
00:37:16 This little cow, which is the meaning of its name in Spanish,
00:37:20 "Vaquita", is a tiny marine mammal.
00:37:23 With its black marks around its eyes, it looks more like a sea panda.
00:37:28 Seeing one is a good luck.
00:37:30 They are on the brink of extinction,
00:37:32 especially because they accidentally get caught in the fishing nets.
00:37:35 It is estimated that there are only 10 left in the wild.
00:37:39 The Blue Dragon
00:37:41 This little creature seems to come out of a fantasy film for children.
00:37:45 It is the Atlantic Glocus, also called the Blue Dragon or Sea Heron,
00:37:50 which can be found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
00:37:55 It is a kind of mollusk and it is only 3 cm long.
00:37:59 What you think is its back is actually the shiny belly of the mollusk.
00:38:03 It floats regularly on its back so that its blue colors help it to camouflage in the waves.
00:38:08 The Blue Dragon is not only pretty, it is also intelligent.
00:38:12 It usually feeds on the Portuguese gallery, also known as Fisalie.
00:38:17 The Blue Dragon stores the stinging cells of the latter to use them later.
00:38:22 In a way, it thus flies its mechanisms defensively.
00:38:26 When the Blue Dragon is threatened, it releases the stinging cells it has stored
00:38:30 and directs them to the enemy to sting it with a power superior to that of the Fisalie.
00:38:36 As it can store a huge amount of stinging cells, it can be a threat to humans.
00:38:42 So if you see one, do not pick it up. It is better to admire it from a distance.
00:38:47 The Blue Dragon lives in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
00:38:52 You may be wondering why a fish has a transparent head.
00:38:56 That's a good question. Since the species was discovered in 1939,
00:39:00 it was thought that this fish had such eyes to see straight ahead of it without being able to make any movement.
00:39:06 So it was assumed that its vision was a tunnel.
00:39:10 But scientists Bruce Robinson and Kim Risenbichler from the Aquarium Research Institute in Monterrey Bay
00:39:16 have recently discovered that the fish can move its eyes vertically through the top of its translucent head
00:39:22 and thus notice if there are predators or prey nearby.
00:39:27 The transparent head also allows more light to enter so that it can better detect prey.
00:39:32 It is thought that the returning fish feeds on jellyfish and small species of fish.
00:39:37 If you dive in the ocean at night, you may have the chance to see
00:39:41 how the coral imorph, the orange ball, is flourishing in the dark.
00:39:45 But make sure you are quick because as soon as you turn on your flashlight to look at it,
00:39:50 it will retract its tubes inside.
00:39:53 Megalodon. The whale shark is not the largest known human shark.
00:39:58 If all species of sharks formed a kingdom, the prehistoric megalodon would be the undisputed sovereign.
00:40:04 The megalodon crossed the ocean a very long time ago.
00:40:07 About 15.9 to 2.6 million years ago, between the beginning of the Miocene and the end of the Pliocene.
00:40:14 Although it has disappeared for a long time, people are still surprised to learn about the existence of these gigantic marine creatures.
00:40:21 The megalodon could reach a length of 14 to 18 meters and its jaws more than 1.8 meters wide.
00:40:28 A fossil of a tooth belonging to a megalodon measured 18 centimeters.
00:40:33 It is reassuring to know that these animals have disappeared for a long time.
00:40:37 But there are still adventurers who hope to meet this monster one day.
00:40:41 The Dumbo octopus. This adorable creature, or scary creature,
00:40:46 it all depends on how you see it, is officially called "Grimpotitis".
00:40:51 More simply, it is called the Dumbo octopus, the name of the Disney character.
00:40:56 Although Dumbo, the elephant, not the octopus, has been mocked for its large ears,
00:41:01 it is very unlikely that this octopus is mocked by its aquatic neighbors.
00:41:05 These are the deepest octopuses, which live in the most abyssal depths of the sea.
00:41:10 And you know how scary this place is.
00:41:13 They only measure about 20 centimeters and spend their day wandering just above the bottom,
00:41:18 eating snails, worms and other food that they find in the current or in the deep.
00:41:24 There are about 17 species of Dumbo octopus and they all have different sizes, colors and body parts.
00:41:31 If you are not tired of strange animals, you will be happy to learn that the depths of the sea
00:41:37 have barely been explored by humans. So keep your eyes open.
00:41:41 Other fascinating animals of the depths will certainly be discovered in the future.
00:41:46 The sea angel. These marine creatures look rather cute, but their diet is not.
00:41:54 Their favorite food is sea butterflies.
00:41:57 They try to trap them in mucus and wait for them to take them in a bucket.
00:42:01 The anemone squat shrimp. This shrimp is tiny, it only measures 1.3 centimeters long.
00:42:08 It is also known as a dancing shrimp because of its particular behavior.
00:42:13 When it is agitated, it raises its back above its head and makes a little dance.
00:42:19 Divers also say that it voluntarily jumps on their hands and cleans them.
00:42:23 The crocodile crab. This crustacean can seem quite scary, especially when the sun sets.
00:42:30 Adult crocodile crabs measure about 90 centimeters long.
00:42:34 They look like hermit crabs that would have been allowed to grow.
00:42:38 Their favorite food is coconut, but they can also hunt lizards and even large birds.
00:42:43 The striped seal. The striped seal is a thin and long creature that remains a mystery to marine scientists.
00:42:51 It measures 122 centimeters long and has at least 750 bones in its spine,
00:42:58 which is much more than any other animal in the world.
00:43:03 The sea plume. The sea plume is 2.2 meters long and there are many varieties,
00:43:09 but most of them look like a pen or a plume.
00:43:13 The resemblance is even more striking when the animal has its bulb filled with water that it digs into the ground.
00:43:19 The green perching carpet. This creature actually looks like a carpet,
00:43:24 although it is very small in comparison, measuring only 10 centimeters long.
00:43:28 Capable of becoming both male and female, it does not mate with the other green.
00:43:34 It fights with them to carry the offspring.
00:43:37 The flamingo snail. Tourists love these extraordinary snails for their pretty colors, thinking they are shells.
00:43:45 But in reality, the shell is quite tender and is hidden under colored soft tissue.
00:43:51 These snails eat the soft and toxic parts of corals and store their toxins to protect themselves.
00:43:58 Do you think you know what is hidden in the depths of the ocean?
00:44:02 While nearly 95% of our oceans have not yet been explored,
00:44:06 it is difficult not to let your imagination run wild.
00:44:09 But thanks to brave explorers, underwater cameras and formidable archaeologists,
00:44:15 we know of some pretty incredible marine creatures that have lived in our waters today and for millions of years.
00:44:21 From the 2.7-meter-long sea spider to the 18-meter-long prehistoric megalodon,
00:44:26 these inhabitants of the sea are of all shapes and sizes.
00:44:29 But let's focus on the underwater creatures famous for their gigantic size.
00:44:34 Can you guess which living species of whale is the largest?
00:44:38 Well, it's not the orca, but it could have been, yes.
00:44:42 Orcas are toothed whales that can reach a size of 7 to 9.8 meters, which is slightly smaller than a school bus.
00:44:50 And the narwhal? No, they are not the biggest either.
00:44:54 These sea unicorns mainly live in the Arctic and measure between 4 and 6 meters long,
00:45:00 not counting their 2.7-meter-long defense.
00:45:04 Tired of looking? Okay, I'll drop it.
00:45:08 The largest whale still in existence today is the blue whale, with its 25 to 32 meters.
00:45:14 The blue whale is not only the largest whale we know,
00:45:18 but also the largest animal ever to live on Earth.
00:45:22 Seriously?
00:45:24 These animals are larger than a T-Rex and even the prehistoric megalodon.
00:45:29 If you put a blue whale next to a school bus, you might think it's going to swallow it.
00:45:35 Imagine that! According to the National Geographic, the tongue of a blue whale can weigh as much as an elephant,
00:45:42 and its heart can weigh as much as a car.
00:45:45 It doesn't even seem possible.
00:45:48 It's no wonder that these giants must eat about 4 tons of krill a day.
00:45:53 Although there are not many animals that can compete with the gigantic proportions of the blue whale,
00:45:59 there is a species that is entirely different, and a good competitor.
00:46:03 And it's not exactly what you might expect. It's a jellyfish.
00:46:07 No, I'm not talking about the little jellyfish that dry out on the seashore and waste a beautiful day at the beach.
00:46:13 I'm talking about the lion's mane jellyfish, the largest jellyfish that exists.
00:46:18 This invertebrate can reach up to 36.6 meters long.
00:46:22 They also exist in different splendid colors, such as red, purple, or even orange shades.
00:46:29 And as if their length wasn't impressive, the lion's mane jellyfish has 8 sets of 70 to 150 tentacles,
00:46:37 which means it can have up to 1,200 in total.
00:46:42 And here is the oceanic manta ray giant, the largest type of ray in the world.
00:46:48 Their wingspan can be longer than a bus.
00:46:51 These animals can reach up to 9.1 meters long.
00:46:54 They also have the largest brain in relation to the size of the body among all fish.
00:47:00 Unlike their cousins, the rays, the mantas have no venomous tails.
00:47:05 And while the lion's mane jellyfish and the blue whale have not yet been named the longest marine creature,
00:47:12 there is a marine creature that can become even larger in length.
00:47:16 The Portuguese galley, with its tentacles, can reach a length of 50 meters, according to the site mentalfloss.com.
00:47:25 Although this thing looks like a jellyfish, it is actually a siphonophore.
00:47:30 And there are hundreds, if not thousands, of them that are genetically identical.
00:47:36 Their long tentacles help the organism to catch its prey,
00:47:40 and their sting is deadly for most animals, and even for humans in some cases.
00:47:45 What is even more frightening is that if one of the tentacles detaches from the organism for some reason,
00:47:50 it can float in the water for days before decomposing.
00:47:55 Even if it detaches, this tentacle can still sting you.
00:47:59 But don't run away from the ocean right away.
00:48:02 The chances of being injured by a Portuguese galley sting are rather slim.
00:48:08 However, if you get stung, the side effects are not beautiful to see,
00:48:12 with clots, stomach cramps, a high heart rate and stomach pain.
00:48:18 Even if you don't want to approach these long creatures, they are really beautiful to look at.
00:48:23 Look at all these colors.
00:48:26 The chastasaurus is the largest marine reptile that has ever existed.
00:48:31 Its predators lived at the end of the Triassic, about 210 million years ago.
00:48:36 These incredible giants could reach a length of 21 meters and weigh more than 75 tons.
00:48:43 The chastasaurus was therefore as heavy as a blue whale.
00:48:47 And if you could put this creature vertically, it would be as high as a 7-story building.
00:48:53 Despite its appearance, it was actually quite small for its size.
00:48:57 Its thoracic cage was only 2 meters wide.
00:49:01 One might think that this great gaiar would devour other dinosaurs, but that is not the case at all.
00:49:07 This reptile survived thanks to a diet made up of small fish and cephalopods, such as octopuses and chalmar.
00:49:15 The albertonectus is an excellent representative of the plesiosaur family,
00:49:20 which means that this marine reptile had a small head on an incredibly long neck and large membranes in the shape of fins that helped it move in the water.
00:49:29 These creatures occupied the seas around North America 76 to 70 million years ago.
00:49:35 The length of this monster of the seas could reach 11.5 meters, the neck taking 7 meters of this length.
00:49:43 Its neck broke all records.
00:49:46 It counted 76 bones.
00:49:49 No other known animal in humanity had so many vertebrae in its neck.
00:49:54 Scientists do not know exactly why they needed such a long neck.
00:49:59 They may have used it to pick up shells on the seabed or to capture their main prey, fish and chalmar.
00:50:06 This aquatic reptile also had gastrolytes in its stomach, some of which could reach a diameter of 14 centimeters.
00:50:14 The thylosaurus belonged to the mosasaur family.
00:50:18 It dominated the shallow seas of North America about 85 to 80 million years ago.
00:50:24 It was a huge predator, the largest of which reached 13 meters in length.
00:50:30 It had a narrow hydrodynamic body and a fossilized and powerful head that it used to prey and strike its prey.
00:50:38 Its body was equipped with agile fins and a long tail decorated with a fin that was easy to maneuver.
00:50:44 The thylosaurus was a carnivore and its diet included not only fish, turtles and small sharks,
00:50:51 but also other mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and birds unable to fly.
00:50:56 Here is the ophthalmosaurus.
00:50:59 This prehistoric reptile lived at the end of the Jurassic period in the oceans of the world.
00:51:05 It weighed about 2,722 kilos and was about 4.9 meters long.
00:51:12 According to the site newdinosaurs.com.
00:51:15 It is about the same length as the beluga of our days.
00:51:19 It is a shame that these animals went extinct before we had the chance to see them ourselves,
00:51:24 because their caricatured big eyes and their dolphin features are rather cute.
00:51:28 Of course, the ophthalmosaurus have evolved over time to become ophthalmologists,
00:51:33 or eye doctors as we know them today.
00:51:36 No, it's not true, I just wanted to see your reaction.
00:51:40 The mosasaur is a truly gigantic predator that dominated the seas of the world about 66 million years ago.
00:51:47 According to fossil evidence, some specimens could measure more than 15 meters long.
00:51:53 It made it the largest marine carnivore of its time.
00:51:57 One of the most terrifying aspects of this creature was its crocodile head,
00:52:02 decorated with hundreds of sharp teeth like razors, organized in two rows on both jaws.
00:52:09 The fact is that it was quite difficult for the mosasaur to catch its prey in the water.
00:52:14 That's why it had all these teeth as well as a particularity,
00:52:18 pterygoid teeth anchored on the waters of the palace.
00:52:22 This made hunting and catching its prey much easier.
00:52:26 The stixosaurus belonged to the plesiosaur family and lived at the end of the Cretaceous,
00:52:32 about 85 to 70 million years ago.
00:52:35 At first glance, you could confuse this dinosaur with a sea snake,
00:52:39 and it would be understandable to make this mistake.
00:52:42 The stixosaurus measured about 10.6 meters long,
00:52:45 but their snake-shaped long neck measured more than 4 meters.
00:52:49 They had a relatively small body and weighed about 4 tons.
00:52:54 Their mouths were full of sharp and conical teeth that they used to catch fish.
00:53:00 They didn't need to chew their prey thanks to the 200 small stones called gastroliths in their bellies,
00:53:06 which probably helped them digest.
00:53:08 At the same time, some scientists think that the stixosaurus used its stones
00:53:13 to sink to the bottom of the ocean in search of a particular type of fish.
00:53:17 Hmm, for me, it looks a bit like the Loch Ness monster, doesn't it?
00:53:21 The stone fish
00:53:24 Stone fish will not win beauty contests,
00:53:28 unless the contest is the one with the best rock appearance.
00:53:31 Their small, non-reflective eyes and rough skin blend perfectly into their environment.
00:53:37 A big head, an even bigger mouth, and a house full of…
00:53:42 Yeah, these are stones.
00:53:44 And it's not because you're on the beach that you're safe.
00:53:47 The stone fish can survive for 24 hours out of the water.
00:53:51 Walking on one of them, or even manipulating it, wouldn't be very fun.
00:53:56 The spines of their dorsal fins contain an extremely powerful venom.
00:54:01 It is released when you walk on them, and can cause paralysis or even a heart attack.
00:54:06 You'll need help, and quickly.
00:54:09 No wonder it's one of the most dangerous creatures in the water or elsewhere.
00:54:13 Be careful when you sneak into rocky areas.
00:54:16 They love to play hide and seek.
00:54:18 The deep sea dragonfish
00:54:21 If there was a price for the most awful fish in the ocean,
00:54:25 the deep sea dragonfish would win.
00:54:27 With its skin that's sticky, without scales, its huge teeth,
00:54:31 and a face that only a mother could love,
00:54:34 this ugly boy from the sea has nothing to fear.
00:54:37 It loves to swim between 213 and 1829 meters under the ocean's surface,
00:54:42 where the water is the darkest and the coldest.
00:54:45 Like other creatures on this list,
00:54:47 the deep sea dragonfish uses the bioluminescent parts of its body to catch its prey.
00:54:53 It also uses its appendix, which hangs, with a small red light at its end,
00:54:58 and comes out of its lower jaw.
00:55:00 Many fish use this small light for a prey,
00:55:03 which attracts them directly into the jaws of the dragonfish.
00:55:06 Very clever, dear dragonfish, very clever indeed.
00:55:10 The ogre fish
00:55:13 The Marianne Foss is a underwater foss of 10,668 meters deep,
00:55:19 which is about 11 kilometers under the ocean's surface.
00:55:23 Let yourself sink.
00:55:24 Scientists know that the Marianne Foss exists,
00:55:27 but it's one of the least explored places on the planet.
00:55:30 It's also the deepest area of the oceans on Earth.
00:55:33 And although many creatures have probably not yet been seen by humans,
00:55:37 scientists had the frightening pleasure of meeting the ogre fish.
00:55:43 The ogre fish bears its name.
00:55:46 Just look at this thing.
00:55:48 This fish is a carnivore, and feeds on about everything it can find,
00:55:52 which it finds in its mouth, with pointy teeth.
00:55:55 These fish rely on their chemical reception by contact to find their prey.
00:56:00 In other words, they can feel the chemical residues
00:56:03 coming from other living organisms in the deep waters.
00:56:06 Indeed, they do not have light-producing cells on their bodies,
00:56:10 unlike many other deep-sea fish.
00:56:13 In addition, it's rather dark over there,
00:56:16 so everything it encounters on its way devours it.
00:56:20 Although they look scary, they are not a threat to humans.
00:56:24 They are only 18 centimeters long.
00:56:27 Nevertheless, I wouldn't want to fall on one of them
00:56:30 while having a pleasant swim in the ocean.
00:56:33 The Dincleosteus
00:56:36 Curiously, this prehistoric fish, nicknamed the "Tyrrex of the seas",
00:56:41 had no teeth.
00:56:43 Instead, it had bone plates,
00:56:46 which allowed it to have the strongest bite among other fish of its size.
00:56:51 The shark
00:56:54 If you thought shark movies were scary,
00:56:57 the next creature of the deep sea will make you swear
00:57:00 to never dive in the ocean again.
00:57:03 However, it lives 914 meters underwater,
00:57:06 and you will probably never see it face to face.
00:57:09 The Goblin shark looks like a cross between a shark
00:57:12 and a creature from your worst nightmare.
00:57:15 These sharks have a prominent muscle in the shape of a sword
00:57:18 and a jaw that moves forward to adapt.
00:57:21 Unlike other sharks, which have a rather gray shade,
00:57:24 this scary thing is not very pretty in pink.
00:57:27 Apart from their scary behavior,
00:57:30 what do scientists really know about the shark?
00:57:33 Well, not much, unless it can reach 5 meters long.
00:57:37 It looks like there's still a lot to learn about these guys,
00:57:40 if you dare to dive.
00:57:43 By the way, did you know that sharks do not sleep?
00:57:46 Many species have to let water flow through their gills
00:57:49 to get oxygen.
00:57:51 They can't fall into a deep sleep like we do.
00:57:54 That's why they stay half awake during their rest.
00:57:57 In general, sharks don't even close their eyes.
00:58:01 The Ferocious Scalelift
00:58:04 This shark is a living horror,
00:58:07 with large and pointy lower teeth,
00:58:10 while the upper ones are much smaller.
00:58:13 When its teeth fall, the shark eats them to get its calcium level.
00:58:17 A rather smart solution for a shark.
00:58:20 The lizard shark
00:58:23 Studying the lizard shark is like looking through a portal
00:58:27 to prehistoric times.
00:58:30 Indeed, scientists think that these sharks,
00:58:33 or lizards, haven't changed much since their oldest ancestors
00:58:36 went deep into the water,
00:58:39 so they are sometimes called living fossils.
00:58:42 The mouth of these animals is filled with 25 terrifying rows of pointy teeth
00:58:46 facing backwards, 300 in total.
00:58:49 They are designed to grab prey and hold them firmly
00:58:53 so that they can't escape,
00:58:56 according to the first studies on the shark,
00:58:59 published in 1884 in the Essex Institute's bulletin.
00:59:02 Fortunately for swimmers,
00:59:05 these animals live between 119 and 1280 meters
00:59:08 under the ocean surface,
00:59:11 so they will probably never meet them.
00:59:14 Everything is in the "probably".
00:59:17 It's probably the worst nightmare of all dentists.
00:59:20 The Astroscopus gutatus
00:59:23 Look at this little piece of shoe.
00:59:26 The Astroscopus gutatus is certainly not a creature
00:59:29 that can be seen in the ocean.
00:59:32 This horrible creature hides its body under the sand
00:59:35 and leaves its face above to wait for its prey.
00:59:38 The bearded carp
00:59:40 Here is another carp in our list.
00:59:43 It lies at the bottom of the sea
00:59:46 and patiently waits for its prey to pass.
00:59:49 The ghost shark of Australia
00:59:52 The ghost shark of Australia is not really a shark,
00:59:55 but a very bone-eating fish.
00:59:58 It has not changed in the last 400 million years.
01:00:01 Believe it or not,
01:00:04 sharks and humans have a common ancestor
01:00:07 that lived about 440 million years ago.
01:00:10 Even if we have both evolved in our own way,
01:00:13 there are still signs of this link.
01:00:16 For example, the genome of an elephant shark
01:00:19 is very similar to that of humans.
01:00:22 The lyopleurodon
01:00:25 This list of terrifying creatures would be incomplete
01:00:28 without mentioning the terrifying and prehistoric lyopleurodon.
01:00:31 This carnivorous marine reptile
01:00:34 existed in the calovian stage of the Middle Jurassic
01:00:37 and reigned over the waters with its 2.7 meters long.
01:00:40 Scientists believe that the lyopleurodon
01:00:43 lived in a deep underwater pit
01:00:46 thanks to its ability to swim over long distances
01:00:49 and its four pallet-shaped limbs.
01:00:52 Although it was probably unable to propel itself
01:00:55 towards its prey like other animals in the region,
01:00:58 it nevertheless managed to accelerate and attack
01:01:01 in an absolutely ruthless and effective way.
01:01:04 In addition, it used its long muzzle to sense its prey,
01:01:07 which leads scientists to believe
01:01:10 that it did not depend on sight to hunt.
01:01:13 This means that it could have survived
01:01:16 in the darkness of the Marian Floss.
01:01:19 The lyopleurodon died
01:01:22 due to competition for prey with other marine reptiles
01:01:25 in full bloom.
01:01:28 And I think I speak on behalf of everyone when I say
01:01:31 "thank God for that".
01:01:34 If we consider that scientists have explored only 5% of the marine bottom
01:01:37 and that they have found some of the scariest marine creatures
01:01:40 that we can imagine,
01:01:43 we can only dream of other animals
01:01:46 that are not as dangerous as the lyopleurodon.
01:01:49 I'm wrong?
01:01:52 The big-mouthed shark
01:01:55 This shark is a filter and it is nice to humans,
01:01:58 although its huge mouth may seem quite threatening.
01:02:01 Like the pelarine shark, it swims with its mouth constantly wide open,
01:02:04 as if it were on Twitter.
01:02:07 The pelican giant
01:02:10 This eel of depths has a easily distended belly
01:02:13 and has prey that is twice its size in one monster mouth.
01:02:16 It has a very unusual shape of jaw
01:02:19 and can reach a length of 61 to 91 cm.
01:02:22 You see this big log near the bottom of the ocean?
01:02:25 It may be part of an old ship,
01:02:28 a treasure, gold, diamonds,
01:02:31 I'm rich!
01:02:34 As you approach, you notice something.
01:02:37 It swims. It's not a shark or a dolphin,
01:02:40 it's a saltwater shark.
01:02:43 Now, don't panic.
01:02:46 If you come across one of these reptiles in the sea,
01:02:49 it is unlikely that they will consider you as food.
01:02:52 Crocodiles have a special valve in their throat
01:02:55 that prevents them from drowning underwater.
01:02:58 But that doesn't mean they can't bite.
01:03:01 Normally, they go to a neighboring island
01:03:04 and the fastest way to get there is to body surf.
01:03:07 They can swim from far away,
01:03:10 but don't swim straight to the shore.
01:03:13 They like to stretch a bait for their meal in shallow waters.
01:03:16 If there is a moment when I would like to see a big white shark,
01:03:19 it is when I dive with crocodiles.
01:03:22 They willingly accept a meal the size of a crocodile
01:03:25 if you know how to motivate them correctly.
01:03:28 The Heikegani crab lives off the coast of Japan
01:03:31 and has a distinctive pattern on its shell
01:03:34 that reminds us of a angry samurai,
01:03:37 hence its nickname, the "samurai crab".
01:03:40 The striped and scarlet striped shrimp
01:03:43 is a nature stopper.
01:03:46 It stays on the bottom of the sea and shakes its long antennae
01:03:49 so that fish and marine animals can go down and pick it up.
01:03:52 It then pays for the trip by cleaning its host
01:03:55 of bacteria and plankton.
01:03:58 We often confuse salpidae with jellyfish,
01:04:01 although they are closer to Portuguese jellyfish.
01:04:04 They are very quick to mature,
01:04:07 from the stage of newborns to that of adults in less than 48 hours.
01:04:10 The Galapagos Islands are legendary.
01:04:13 There are giant turtles,
01:04:16 blue-footed crazy people,
01:04:19 light-footed salipi and red-lipped batfish.
01:04:22 But if you have already swum there,
01:04:25 you may have seen something really unexpected in the water.
01:04:28 These large marine reptiles eat the algae
01:04:31 that grow on the underwater rocks.
01:04:34 They are strict vegetarians.
01:04:37 Fish must be happy.
01:04:40 A long, flat tail designed to swim helps them move
01:04:43 and clasped claws keep them on the rocks
01:04:46 for their daily tanning sessions.
01:04:49 But look at them, they are very stubborn.
01:04:52 Not that they are smelly, they are stubborn with salt.
01:04:55 They are not afraid of getting in their noses
01:04:58 and they have to get rid of it one way or another.
01:05:01 And what's great is that they don't mind us being in the water with them.
01:05:04 As these islands have been so isolated for so long,
01:05:07 creatures are not afraid of humans.
01:05:10 Fish can also fly.
01:05:13 Thanks to their fins similar to wings,
01:05:16 flying fish can fly at a distance of about 180 meters,
01:05:19 almost as long as two football fields.
01:05:22 They can fly to escape their predators.
01:05:25 The skeleton shrimp could be a nightmarish creature
01:05:28 if it wasn't so small.
01:05:31 It looks like a phasm, but is almost entirely transparent.
01:05:34 The next creature seems to come out of a horror movie
01:05:37 rather than from the oceans.
01:05:40 The sea devil's stingray resides at an impressive depth
01:05:43 of 975 meters
01:05:46 and does not lack strange characteristics.
01:05:49 It has sharp teeth like razors,
01:05:52 a deformed body and a disturbing look.
01:05:55 But what is perhaps the most frightening about this fish
01:05:58 is the way it catches its prey.
01:06:01 It has a appendix resembling a fishing rod on its forehead
01:06:04 and which has a bright light attached to the end to attract animals.
01:06:07 Once they get close enough to the light,
01:06:10 CLACK!
01:06:13 They are captured by the massive jaws of the stingray.
01:06:16 The creatures are even able to eat prey
01:06:19 bigger than them.
01:06:22 Sea stars can cover their prey with their stomach
01:06:25 and eat it from the outside of their body.
01:06:28 Then they just have to repatriate their stomach inside.
01:06:31 It's practical.
01:06:34 Their cousins, sea cucumbers, can do the same trick,
01:06:37 except they leave part of their entrails behind them
01:06:40 to scare their attackers.
01:06:43 The missing part grows back quickly.
01:06:46 The cacatoes or green squid
01:06:49 are a species whose limbs can reach a rather impressive size.
01:06:52 Moreover, they all have one thing in common.
01:06:55 Their body is transparent and their internal organs shine in the dark.
01:06:58 Even if the stingray
01:07:01 seems to have forgotten to do her hair in the morning,
01:07:04 it is actually her skin that sticks in all directions.
01:07:07 Marine predators thus have more trouble
01:07:10 spotting her.
01:07:13 The hairy stingray lives in the reefs,
01:07:16 hiding from its enemies in crevasses.
01:07:19 If you are lucky enough to see it,
01:07:22 you will immediately notice the radical difference
01:07:25 between its white hair and its pink and purple claws.
01:07:28 If you walk on a bear, you will know right away.
01:07:31 Look at its tips instead.
01:07:34 Even if they are not aggressive,
01:07:37 they have an excellent defense against any creature
01:07:40 that would want to eat them.
01:07:43 Venomous tips and a poisoned bite.
01:07:46 They live in all the oceans of the world,
01:07:49 so it is difficult to avoid them.
01:07:52 They mostly hang in shallow waters,
01:07:55 hiding in rocky basins and reefs.
01:07:58 People being careless often walk on them.
01:08:01 The long venomous tips of the bear look like needles
01:08:04 and release a strong toxin.
01:08:07 So what is the remedy?
01:08:10 You have to quickly remove the tips and wash them in salt water.
01:08:13 Sea turtles constantly cry.
01:08:16 Not that they are particularly sad,
01:08:19 the tears are only due to the fact that they excrete
01:08:22 the excess salt from their bodies through their tears.
01:08:25 The tentacles of the jellyfish can reach 3 meters long,
01:08:28 and each tentacle has 5000 urticating cells.
01:08:31 It is a creature that is mostly made of water.
01:08:34 Its venom is powerful enough to paralyze everything it wants to eat.
01:08:37 If you get stung, it hurts.
01:08:40 Very bad.
01:08:43 These toxins contain proteins that affect the heart,
01:08:46 skin cells and even the nervous system.
01:08:49 No wonder it is considered one of the most dangerous creatures on the planet.
01:08:52 It is not recommended to use sunscreen,
01:08:55 soda, coffee or other grandmother's methods.
01:08:58 It is not a good idea to use sea water.
01:09:01 It is not a good idea to use sea water.
01:09:04 It is not a good idea to use sea water.
01:09:07 Unlike appearances, the Atlantic glocus is not a real lizard.
01:09:10 It is a kind of sea limacus that lives near the surface of the water.
01:09:13 It swims upside down and gallops to find food.
01:09:16 It is a very cute creature.
01:09:19 When a foreign body enters the shell of a oyster,
01:09:22 whether it is a grain of sand,
01:09:25 a parasite or a waste,
01:09:28 it irritates the internal walls of the shell.
01:09:31 As the animal cannot spit out the object,
01:09:34 it wraps it in thin layers that separate it from its body.
01:09:37 These layers accumulate until a round pearl is formed.
01:09:40 These layers accumulate until a round pearl is formed.
01:09:43 In the past, people believed that pearls were the tears of mermaids.
01:09:46 Now we know that they are only decorated debris.
01:09:49 Dolphins have a very developed communication system.
01:09:52 They call each other by their name.
01:09:55 Each dolphin responds to a specific sound.
01:09:58 The orca is the largest of the species of dolphins.
01:10:01 Orcas have different cultures.
01:10:04 Two orcas belonging to different social groups
01:10:07 will not even understand each other's language.
01:10:10 They are the only known animal to do so.
01:10:13 The boxer shrimp bears its name.
01:10:16 It has stripes all over its body and always stands
01:10:19 in a boxer pose ready to hit.
01:10:22 The Idatina physis is another sea slug
01:10:25 with a special ability.
01:10:28 It can quickly dig holes in the bottom of the sea
01:10:31 and hide from the enemies that roam.
01:10:34 As its name suggests, the snakehead fish looks a lot like a snake,
01:10:37 but it has a very particular characteristic.
01:10:40 It can walk on its fins.
01:10:43 Thanks to this particularity, it easily climbs from one nest to another,
01:10:46 choosing habitats to its liking.
01:10:49 On the way, the snakehead fish can be hungry,
01:10:52 so it often crows of small birds and rodents.
01:10:55 But it can also become very big
01:10:58 and hunt even bigger animals.
01:11:01 Would there be anything stranger than walking in nature
01:11:04 and suddenly seeing a huge toothed fish tracking a rabbit?
01:11:07 The alligator turtle catches its prey by going fishing.
01:11:10 Its tongue looks like a worm,
01:11:13 and the turtle waits, its mouth wide open,
01:11:16 at the bottom of a stream, a lake or a pond,
01:11:19 until a fish, without any hesitation, bites the turtle.
01:11:22 Then, clack!
01:11:25 Its jaws close in a wink,
01:11:28 and dinner is served.
01:11:31 The jellyfish, called the treff,
01:11:34 is normally invisible in the dark abysses where it resides.
01:11:37 But when it is exposed to light,
01:11:40 it reflects it and shines magnificently.
01:11:43 The big swallow, paradoxically small,
01:11:46 does not fear it.
01:11:49 It could easily swallow your dog.
01:11:52 It can open its extremely wide mouth,
01:11:55 allowing it to swallow prey twice as big as it.
01:11:58 The African tiger fish eats everything it finds,
01:12:01 and given its size and those monstrous teeth,
01:12:04 you can imagine that it finds a lot of food.
01:12:07 It mainly feeds on other fish,
01:12:10 but when food is scarce,
01:12:13 it can jump out of the water and catch insects and small birds in the act.
01:12:16 It is not big enough to eat a human, of course,
01:12:19 but its name should warn you
01:12:22 that it can easily take a bite from your arm or leg.
01:12:25 Your brain controls your arms and legs,
01:12:28 but in the octopus, each arm is actually a little independent
01:12:31 with its own special brain.
01:12:34 Maintained together by a larger central brain
01:12:37 that would act like an orchestra conductor.
01:12:40 The central brain sends signals from the highest level to each arm,
01:12:43 saying things like "move to the left",
01:12:46 "there is a crab behind you"
01:12:49 or "touch the foot of this stupid human, let's have some fun with him".
01:12:52 But regardless of the intelligence of its arms and legs,
01:12:55 an octopus still has to take care of it all the time.
01:12:58 Hi, what would you say about a little dive in the ocean
01:13:01 and in time more than half a billion years ago?
01:13:04 But be careful, this time we are not looking for a Megalodon
01:13:07 or giant marine reptiles.
01:13:10 It is rather a strange creature with a supernatural aspect
01:13:13 called Anomalocaris.
01:13:16 The name does not mean like the other shrimps,
01:13:19 and you will see that it is well deserved.
01:13:22 The creature looks like a nightmarish cross between a shrimp and a millipede.
01:13:25 Two tentacles protruding from its face,
01:13:28 each of them having teeth as sharp as razors.
01:13:31 And this thing is about the size of your leg.
01:13:34 Thanks to an undulating movement of its fins on each side of the body,
01:13:37 it was rather gracious for such a terrifying creature.
01:13:40 It was also more advanced than any other form of life on the planet at the time.
01:13:43 Especially with regard to its huge eyes.
01:13:46 You have a lens in each of yours.
01:13:49 This giant shrimp had 16,000 of them.
01:13:52 That is four times more than a common fly.
01:13:55 And you know how good their vision is?
01:13:58 Enough to dodge your hand every time.
01:14:01 All this allowed Annie to become one of the first animals on the planet
01:14:04 to feed on other animals.
01:14:07 In other words, the very first predator on Earth.
01:14:10 His favorite dish was the Trilobites.
01:14:13 These are the old ancestors of crabs.
01:14:16 Some of their fossils bear marks that have the same shape
01:14:19 as the buccal pieces of the monstrous shrimp.
01:14:22 These errors of the past have become so enormous
01:14:25 thanks to a higher amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
01:14:28 A perfect example of this is Meganoropsis.
01:14:31 Imagine a dragonfly as big as a cat.
01:14:34 And with a wingspan larger than your arm.
01:14:37 Megan, the dragonfly the size of a monster,
01:14:40 could easily catch other insects or even small animals.
01:14:43 And she made the air with fast movements.
01:14:46 At the time, there were no big birds or other air enemies
01:14:49 for this monstrous creature.
01:14:52 So she was safe and free to develop
01:14:55 as widely as this planet allowed her.
01:14:58 The piranhas of the past were also monstrous.
01:15:01 The Megapiranhas were about three times larger
01:15:04 than today's carnivorous fish.
01:15:07 Their bite force was about the same as that of a tiger.
01:15:10 Knowing that its striped felines bite twice as hard as lions.
01:15:13 This means that not only did they probably eat other fish
01:15:16 and terrestrial creatures that were too close to the water,
01:15:19 but they could also easily attack
01:15:22 big unlucky turtles and other carapace creatures.
01:15:25 And fun fact, modern piranhas bark like dogs
01:15:28 when they are about to confront,
01:15:31 even if it sounds more like the sound of a frog.
01:15:34 But then what could the roar of their giant cousins look like?
01:15:37 What would you say to the creatures of the past?
01:15:40 What would you say to the giant sea scorpions the size of your bed?
01:15:43 Go back about 460 million years and you'll see some.
01:15:46 But be careful with this tail.
01:15:49 Scientists still don't know if these creatures could use it
01:15:52 to inject venom like modern scorpions.
01:15:55 But in doubt, it's better not to get too close.
01:15:58 And then there's this guy,
01:16:01 Terizinosaurus.
01:16:04 Teri looked like a kind of finger with a long arm,
01:16:07 measuring about two floors high
01:16:10 and longer than a bus.
01:16:13 These arms gave the T-Rex an even more compact look
01:16:16 since each one was 2 meters long,
01:16:19 almost triple that of the T-Rex.
01:16:22 And at the end, they had claws like razors,
01:16:25 the size of your entire arm.
01:16:28 But don't worry too much about these long claws.
01:16:31 Teri probably used them to dig in giant termite nests.
01:16:34 This huge reptilian "wa"
01:16:37 was in fact more interested in insects and plants.
01:16:40 Megaterium is another mega monster.
01:16:43 This giant lazy guy could look a giraffe straight in the eye
01:16:46 and weigh as much as a hippopotamus.
01:16:49 He mainly moved on his hind legs
01:16:52 and used his massive tail as a support.
01:16:55 He had huge legs with colossal claws the size of a knife.
01:16:58 The lazy guy could use them to defend himself from his enemies
01:17:01 or to bend the branches of trees in search of food.
01:17:04 But the biggest danger for the lazy giant
01:17:07 was not the dinosaurs or the saber-toothed tigers.
01:17:10 It was our own species.
01:17:13 Yes, humans just arrived in time to meet this guy
01:17:16 and to kill him.
01:17:19 The Titanoboa was a terrifying 15-meter snake,
01:17:22 as long as the Megalodon itself.
01:17:25 It was also more than twice as heavy
01:17:28 as the modern day snakes, the green anaconda.
01:17:31 Crocodiles were regularly on the menu of this snake.
01:17:34 The Titanoboa could swim three times faster
01:17:37 than the fastest Olympic swimmer
01:17:40 that our species has ever seen.
01:17:43 It was also faster and more dangerous in the water than outside.
01:17:46 And don't forget the "boa" part of its name.
01:17:49 This massive snake was not venomous,
01:17:52 but it loved the narrow places.
01:17:55 Do you remember this giant shrimp from earlier?
01:17:58 Well, Opabinia could be its little cousin,
01:18:01 but the size of a finger.
01:18:04 And instead of two tentacles, this thing had a kind of
01:18:07 vacuum tube coming out of its face.
01:18:10 At the end of this trunk, it had what looks like
01:18:13 a crab claw. Add five eyes and a mouth under its head
01:18:16 and you'll have the portrait of a creature
01:18:19 that seems to come from another planet.
01:18:22 This creature used its trunk like an elephant.
01:18:25 Its claw caught food at the bottom of the ocean
01:18:28 and brought it to its mouth.
01:18:31 It was so weird that apparently,
01:18:34 when the scientist who discovered it showed his findings
01:18:37 to an audience, they all laughed like they were kidding.
01:18:40 And now a monster from real life,
01:18:43 the monster Tully.
01:18:46 From afar, it looks a bit like Loch Ness, Nessie,
01:18:49 with its long neck and its jaws in it.
01:18:52 But get closer and you'll see that it's more like
01:18:55 a long nose with a mouth attached to the end, like a mosquito.
01:18:58 Its eyes are further away and come out of tubes
01:19:01 in the shape of snails.
01:19:04 Tully was an old mollusk the size of your forearm.
01:19:07 It probably fed on jellyfish and shrimp 300 million years ago.
01:19:10 Tilakos Minus will make you smile
01:19:13 as long as you don't get too close.
01:19:16 Tully is not a cousin of the saber-toothed tiger.
01:19:19 It's a marsupial, which makes it closer to a kangaroo than anything else.
01:19:22 And if you bring them back to the size of its body,
01:19:25 its claws were actually longer than those of a saber-toothed tiger.
01:19:28 And they kept growing.
01:19:31 As for this beard on its chin, it's actually all its chin.
01:19:34 The bone of the lower jaw grew
01:19:37 to a point under the mouth.
01:19:40 Its claws were rooted in the skull and went up to its eyes.
01:19:43 When the mouth was closed,
01:19:46 this bone beard protected the sharp long teeth from the rupture.
01:19:49 Stagonolepis may have looked like a big crocodile
01:19:52 with a crushed muzzle, but it was mostly harmless.
01:19:55 Its small head and its small number of teeth
01:19:58 left the reptile quite disarmed to protect itself.
01:20:01 But that's what all these armored scales were for.
01:20:04 And no need for huge holes or long rows of teeth
01:20:07 as sharp as razors when you're a plant eater.
01:20:10 The tip of its beak-shaped muzzle
01:20:13 allowed Stagonolepis to dig up plants.
01:20:16 So, in reality, this reptile looked more like a 3-meter-long
01:20:19 scale pig.
01:20:22 The basilosaurus was a kind of ancient whale
01:20:25 that lived on our planet about 45 million years ago.
01:20:28 It wasn't as big as a blue whale, but still big enough
01:20:31 to feed other whales and even sharks.
01:20:34 Some people think these monsters could still exist today.
01:20:37 Eyewitnesses claim to have seen a giant sea dragon.
01:20:40 And the basilosaurus matches the description.
01:20:43 In addition, 90% of our oceans are still unexplored,
01:20:46 which makes a lot of room to hide a sea monster,
01:20:49 no matter how big it is.
01:20:52 But scientists haven't found fossils of this ancient whale
01:20:55 for less than 3.7 million years.
01:20:58 This myth is therefore destroyed.
01:21:01 The stegosaur is one of the most recognizable dinosaurs
01:21:04 ever lived.
01:21:07 It is easily distinguished by the huge tips of its tail
01:21:10 and the bone plates on its back.
01:21:13 It was twice as big as a giraffe and almost five times heavier.
01:21:16 But compared to its size, it had the smallest brain in the world.
01:21:19 It wasn't bigger than a dog's.
01:21:22 Pelagornis was the largest bird ever discovered.
01:21:25 It was twice as big as today's biggest bird,
01:21:28 the albatross howler.
01:21:31 Its huge wings made taking off from the bird difficult.
01:21:34 It could only do it by jumping off cliffs.
01:21:37 And when it finally deployed its wings,
01:21:40 this giant could only fly at about 65 km/h.
01:21:43 The fastest bird today can reach a speed five times higher.
01:21:46 If you walk on a bear, you'll know right away.
01:21:49 Look at its spines.
01:21:52 You see what I mean?
01:21:55 Although they are not aggressive,
01:21:58 they are very sensitive to all creatures that want to eat them.
01:22:01 Venomous spines and a venomous bite,
01:22:04 you have a lot of choice, don't you?
01:22:07 They live in all the oceans of the world,
01:22:10 so it's impossible to avoid them.
01:22:13 They mostly move in shallow waters
01:22:16 and hide in rocky basins and reefs.
01:22:19 So people can notice their walk on them.
01:22:22 The long venomous tips of the bear look like needles.
01:22:25 They are very sensitive to all the creatures that want to eat them.
01:22:28 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:31 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:34 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:37 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:40 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:43 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:46 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:49 They are also very sensitive to the smell of their food.
01:22:52 Their fur is the densest fur on the planet,
01:22:55 up to 150,000 hairs per square centimeter.
01:22:58 We only have about 300.
01:23:01 They are also good with tools.
01:23:04 They can use stones to open shells.
01:23:07 Hey, how else would you open a bear?
01:23:10 You should also try from time to time.
01:23:13 Stone fish will not win beauty contests
01:23:16 unless the contest is for the best rock look.
01:23:19 They have a great look and their porous skin fits perfectly into their environment.
01:23:22 A big head, an even bigger mouth and a house full of ...
01:23:25 Yes, it's rocks.
01:23:28 And it's not because you're on the beach that you're safe.
01:23:31 Stone fish can survive 24 hours out of the water.
01:23:34 Walking on one of them or even manipulating one
01:23:37 will not be very fun.
01:23:40 The spines of their dorsal fins have an extremely powerful venom.
01:23:43 It is expelled when you walk on them
01:23:46 and can cause paralysis or even heart failure.
01:23:49 You will need help and fast.
01:23:52 No wonder it's one of the most dangerous creatures in the water
01:23:55 and anywhere else.
01:23:58 Be careful when you move in rocky areas.
01:24:01 They love to play hide and seek.
01:24:04 The tentacles of the jellyfish can reach 3 meters long.
01:24:07 And each tentacle has 5,000 urticating cells.
01:24:10 Not bad for a creature that is mainly made up of water.
01:24:13 But jellyfish can paralyze anything they want to eat.
01:24:16 So know that if you get bitten, it will hurt you.
01:24:19 These toxins contain proteins that affect the heart,
01:24:22 skin cells and even our nervous system.
01:24:25 No wonder it is considered one of the most dangerous creatures on the planet.
01:24:28 To fight the pain, I recommend you not to use sunscreen,
01:24:31 soda, coffee or other older methods.
01:24:34 It does not work.
01:24:37 The best thing to do is to use good old seawater.
01:24:40 It looks like jellyfish are the masters of the ocean,
01:24:43 not the sharks.
01:24:46 Hey, look around your local stone pool.
01:24:49 You could see this sweet little octopus.
01:24:52 It is tiny and has blue rings.
01:24:55 Too cute, but don't get fooled.
01:24:58 This octopus is everything but a nice pet.
01:25:01 If you provoke it, it will start to sparkle in blue fluo
01:25:04 to warn everyone not to approach.
01:25:07 It is as dangerous as cyanide.
01:25:10 The worst thing is that there are no known antidotes for this.
01:25:13 The best thing to do is to take a quick photo and run away.
01:25:16 Even better, run away right away.
01:25:19 Even octopus are not normal in Australia.
01:25:22 I'd rather stay with my shrimp on the barbecue, you know what I mean?
01:25:25 OK, you see this big log near the bottom of the ocean.
01:25:28 Maybe it belongs to an old boat,
01:25:31 a gold treasure, diamonds, yes, I'm rich.
01:25:34 But you notice something.
01:25:37 This thing is swimming.
01:25:40 It's not a shark or a dolphin, no, it's a salty water crocodile.
01:25:43 OK, breathe, don't panic.
01:25:46 If you come across one of these sea reptiles,
01:25:49 it is unlikely that they will choose you as a meal.
01:25:52 Crocodiles have a special valve in the throat
01:25:55 that prevents them from drowning under water,
01:25:58 but that doesn't mean they can't bite.
01:26:01 The only thing that can bite them is body surfing.
01:26:04 Oh yes, because you know, they can't really take the ferry.
01:26:07 If you see them, stay a good distance.
01:26:10 But don't swim right away to the shore,
01:26:13 because they love to catch their lunch in shallow waters.
01:26:16 That said, if there is an occasion where I would like to see a big white shark,
01:26:19 it's when I dive with crocodiles.
01:26:22 I'm sure if I can motivate them,
01:26:25 they would be delighted to taste a crocodile's mouth.
01:26:28 If you see a sea reptile,
01:26:31 it's a sea crocodile.
01:26:34 It's a little bit like a sea lion.
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01:30:58 We're swimming in the tropical waters of the island of Nanuia, Balavu, near Fiji.
01:31:03 Do you see these huge animals the size of a Volkswagen cocktail?
01:31:07 They're remanta.
01:31:09 They have a long tail in the shape of a whip and large, flat bodies in the shape of a lozenge.
01:31:14 There are two species of remanta, the reef remanta and the giant remanta.
01:31:19 They belong to the same family as sharks, but they only have small teeth in their lower jaws.
01:31:25 They feed on plankton, small fish and crustaceans.
01:31:29 Remanta are social animals and they like people.
01:31:32 If you let them approach you, they'll swim around you to watch you,
01:31:36 but don't expect to be able to follow them because they swim extremely fast.
01:31:40 Their name translates to "coat" or "cover"
01:31:43 and of all marine creatures, they have the largest brain compared to the weight of their body.
01:31:48 They are able to recognize themselves in a mirror.
01:31:52 Next, we meet the sheephead labra.
01:31:55 It's not very beautiful, but it's one of the nicest fish you'll find in the shallow waters of Japan, China and Korea.
01:32:03 It has protuberances on its jaw and head.
01:32:06 It likes to hide in its anemone and is generally afraid to go out, even with its 100 cm long.
01:32:12 30 years ago, one of these labras made friends with a Japanese diver.
01:32:17 When he found him, he was injured and the man helped him recover.
01:32:21 The diver was the guardian of an aquatic Shinto shrine.
01:32:25 He called the fish by ringing an underwater bell.
01:32:29 Let's now swim with the biggest fish in the world, the whale shark.
01:32:33 Although it is a shark, this creature has many things in common with whales.
01:32:39 It can live for 100 years, but has a tiny brain.
01:32:43 Whale sharks are indifferent to humans.
01:32:45 What they can't eat, they just ignore.
01:32:48 Unlike other species of sharks, they won't bite you.
01:32:52 Whale sharks are filterers.
01:32:54 They have many teeth, even 3,000, but they don't use them.
01:32:58 Their mouth is huge, a bit like mine, but their throat is the size of a 50 cm piece.
01:33:04 Next, we have the moonfish, a fish without a tail that seems to have been cut in half.
01:33:10 It has large fins and when you see it pierce the surface of the water, you will think it is a shark.
01:33:15 The moonfish dives into the depths and lets the other fish exfoliate its skin and eliminate its parasites.
01:33:21 Once that's done, it returns to the surface to sunbathe.
01:33:25 It is also a voracious eater.
01:33:27 If it sees you in the water, it will probably approach you and watch you.
01:33:31 By spending the day there, you could feed it directly with your hand.
01:33:36 But here is the animal that always seems to smile, the great dolphin.
01:33:40 It is one of the most sociable marine creatures and it travels in groups.
01:33:44 It likes to play, hunt, raise its dolphins and help its community.
01:33:48 The great dolphin is an excellent swimmer with speeds reaching 30 km/h.
01:33:54 It usually goes back to the surface to breathe through the vents located on its head.
01:33:59 These animals communicate very well with each other and even send messages.
01:34:03 They use their collocations to orient themselves and find food.
01:34:07 When they spot humans, they show themselves to be very warm,
01:34:10 so much so that they lower their guard, making them vulnerable to other marine creatures such as sharks.
01:34:16 Now we are heading to the Pacific coast, where we will meet some gray whales.
01:34:21 Their skin is covered with parasites and other organisms that make their rostrum look like a piece of rough rock.
01:34:28 With them, you must first show white paw.
01:34:31 Gray whales will attack a large boat if they feel that their whales are in danger.
01:34:35 But in general, they are pretty nice and will let the kayaks sail quietly.
01:34:40 It may happen that they approach small boats and allow humans to touch them.
01:34:44 But the law forces you to keep your distance.
01:34:47 If it wants to get to know you, the gray whale will come to you.
01:34:50 If it feels threatened, you will understand it quite quickly.
01:34:54 Let me show you a fish that wears a tool on its head, the hammerhead shark.
01:34:59 Its skull helps it to hunt.
01:35:01 Its eyes are placed on the outside edges of the hammer and allow it a 360-degree vertical view.
01:35:06 But right in front of its nose, it sees nothing.
01:35:09 Its head is like a metal detector.
01:35:11 What it is looking for is usually hidden under the sand.
01:35:14 It therefore dives its head and brings up everything that is underneath.
01:35:18 You will meet these animals in temperate and tropical waters, as well near the coast as offshore.
01:35:23 They usually move in groups.
01:35:25 They are rather harmless to swimmers and divers, but it happens that they become aggressive.
01:35:30 Before attacking, however, they will give you some signs before running.
01:35:34 Divers, in general, know what to do in this case.
01:35:37 Here is now a slightly smaller creature, the sea lion.
01:35:41 With them, it's a bit complicated.
01:35:44 They are players, aggressive, arrogant, intelligent and above all curious.
01:35:49 Sea lions cannot breathe underwater, but they can dive to nearly 300 meters deep and hold their breath for a long time.
01:35:56 They breathe air through their noses and once they are underwater, their nostrils close completely.
01:36:02 If they see humans on the beach, they stay away and wait for them to leave.
01:36:07 These creatures in the wild are not the most friendly, especially if they feel threatened.
01:36:12 Docile sea lions are only there because they have been captured and trained.
01:36:17 It's the turn of the beluga now.
01:36:19 They are white, have a voluminous head and are among the most sociable and noisy animals you can meet.
01:36:25 The shape of their mouth will give you the impression that they are smiling.
01:36:28 At birth, belugas are dark gray.
01:36:31 It takes 8 years for their skin to turn white.
01:36:34 They can also change the shape of their head by blowing air around their sinuses.
01:36:38 Belugas love people.
01:36:40 Once they have made friends, they don't want to leave.
01:36:43 Even if they are wild animals, they are sometimes too trusting of humans.
01:36:47 Biologists advise to keep their distance for their safety.
01:36:51 Have you ever heard of sea cows?
01:36:54 These are the lamentins.
01:36:56 You will meet some in rivers and others in the oceans.
01:36:59 Despite their large size, they generally live in shallow coastal areas,
01:37:03 eating marine grass, leaves and algae.
01:37:07 Lamentins raise their heads to the surface every 4 minutes or so to breathe.
01:37:11 But they can hold their breath longer than that.
01:37:14 They are slow travelers and even if they are not as smart as dolphins, they can understand colors.
01:37:20 They are nice giants and they like to approach humans in search of warmth.
01:37:25 Then we have the pelarine shark, the second largest shark in the world.
01:37:30 Its mouth is its most impressive feature.
01:37:33 What does my mouth have?
01:37:35 It can open over a meter wide.
01:37:37 These animals look rather intimidating.
01:37:39 But despite their size, they are safe for humans and divers swim with them.
01:37:44 They are very sociable and can travel in groups of 100 individuals.
01:37:48 They stay near the surface of the water and feed on plankton.
01:37:51 They also have a lot of teeth that they do not use.
01:37:55 Do you know which creature is able to sing at a very high volume for 30 minutes?
01:37:59 This guy!
01:38:01 Well, you may be a little too young to know him.
01:38:04 Among animals, it is the humpback whale.
01:38:06 Scientists do not really know why they sing like that,
01:38:09 but they think it is to communicate and seduce their congeners.
01:38:12 You will see them near the coasts feeding on very fine food
01:38:16 and using their fins to propel themselves in the water.
01:38:19 Humpback whales are less friendly than gray whales because they are very cautious.
01:38:23 But they are the heroes of the ocean.
01:38:25 They were seen coming to the rescue of creatures attacked by orcas.
01:38:29 And experts say they are able to make decisions and solve problems.
01:38:33 Once, a humpback whale intervened to save a biologist from a shark-tiger attack.
01:38:39 Now let's try to spot the camouflage specialist, the Caribbean reef octopus.
01:38:45 Its cells allow it to melt in the texture of the sand and rocks of the ocean.
01:38:49 But this octopus is lonely and prefers to manage on its own.
01:38:53 It is a tiny creature.
01:38:55 It can reach 13 cm and its tentacles are as long as an average human foot.
01:39:00 If you get too close to it, it will probably turn blue to warn you that it is threatened.
01:39:06 And even if it is a little suspicious, it is better that you keep your distance and leave it alone.
01:39:11 A creature with a strange appearance walks like a living vacuum cleaner in the dark depths of the ocean.
01:39:17 I mean the sea pig.
01:39:19 It owes its name to its pinkish body and it holds in the palm of your hand.
01:39:23 These creatures do not swim but walk at the bottom of the sea.
01:39:26 Their legs contain 5 to 7 pairs of voluminous tubular feet.
01:39:30 And they have tentacles around their mouths to dig in the mud in search of crumpled waste.
01:39:36 Miam ! Rather vulnerable, it is thanks to their venomous skin that sea pigs protect themselves from other marine creatures.
01:39:43 If you meet one, it will be very friendly.
01:39:46 But if you want to take it home and keep it, you will need a very deep aquarium.
01:39:51 And since we are talking about viscous aquatic creatures, here is the ctenophore.
01:39:55 It is a nice animal that likes to swim near the coast during hot summer parties.
01:40:00 There are two types of ctenophores.
01:40:02 Those with two tentacles and those without.
01:40:05 You can spot them at night because they shine in the dark and illuminate the waters.
01:40:10 Among this species, we find the sea pig.
01:40:13 On the sand, it looks like a transparent jelly ball and it can hold in a coffee spoon.
01:40:18 Unlike jellyfish, ctenophores do not sting.
01:40:21 They do not have any itching cells and you can swim with them without danger.
01:40:26 Look at this pretty little ferocious squirrel.
01:40:30 At first glance, it looks like a oversized anchovy.
01:40:33 But in reality, it is a very small shark.
01:40:36 It never exceeds 50 centimeters.
01:40:40 But that does not make it less dangerous than its congeners.
01:40:43 It is called ferocious because of its unique food strategy,
01:40:47 which consists of biting small pieces of much larger animals before fleeing.
01:40:52 These little animals live in the depths of the water column,
01:40:56 which makes them quite mysterious and difficult to study.
01:40:59 We do not know exactly where they live.
01:41:01 But we have been able to observe them all over the world,
01:41:04 especially in tropical and temperate areas.
01:41:07 The ferocious squirrel is a real parasite.
01:41:10 It feeds on larger animals while keeping them alive.
01:41:13 It uses its upper teeth to cling to the skin of sharks,
01:41:17 fish and even marine mammals.
01:41:20 Then, with its powerful lower teeth, it takes a bite of flesh or fat.
01:41:26 Ouch! Even the big predators like the red tuna,
01:41:29 the great white shark and the dolphin can be victims of these vile creatures.
01:41:35 And there is a crazy story about a ferocious squirrel and a unfortunate swimmer.
01:41:41 This athlete swam at night between the islands of Hawaii,
01:41:44 surrounded by boats whose bright lights attracted all kinds of prey.
01:41:47 Our friend was badly bitten by the mullet.
01:41:50 And he still has the scar, even if his injury was without gravity.
01:41:55 The lesson?
01:41:57 You should never talk about ferocious squirrels when they have a small appetite.
01:42:02 To hunt, they have a well-equipped mouth.
01:42:07 The opening is quite small, but it is surrounded by large, fleshy lips
01:42:11 that form a powerful and effective suction.
01:42:14 The jaws have several rows of teeth,
01:42:17 30 to 37 in the upper part and 25 to 31 in the lower part.
01:42:22 And these rows increase as the animal grows.
01:42:25 The upper teeth are small, narrow and very pointed.
01:42:29 The lower teeth are much larger and wider.
01:42:33 They look like knives and they are arranged in such a way to form a kind of saw.
01:42:38 Like any shark, the ferocious squirrel loses its teeth throughout its life.
01:42:42 But the difference is that it swallows them.
01:42:45 Scientists think that it acts this way because it lives in deep, poor waters,
01:42:50 and it tries to recycle some important elements for its body, such as calcium.
01:42:55 A whole new approach to food supplements.
01:42:59 As it feeds near the surface at night and more deeply during the day,
01:43:03 it is almost always in the dark.
01:43:06 But this little ferocious squirrel has on its belly light-producing organs called photophores.
01:43:12 These photophores serve as camouflage by imitating the lights on the surface.
01:43:17 It is an ordinary phenomenon in the world of bioluminescence.
01:43:21 The ferocious squirrel also has a non-light collar around its throat.
01:43:26 Scientists think it is a sophisticated lure.
01:43:30 Seen from below, it looks like a small fish that is appetizing.
01:43:34 Imagine how irresistible it must seem for all these hungry sharks.
01:43:38 Such an invitation to dinner. Who could refuse it?
01:43:44 Some sharks have the strange ability to spit out their stomach and put it back in place.
01:43:50 It would be very practical.
01:43:52 Most sharks eat a huge amount of food.
01:43:55 But the problem is that they cannot digest all that they have swallowed.
01:43:59 They need a way to get rid of waste, such as carapaces and sea turtle beaks,
01:44:04 feathers and bird's eggs, lobster claws and others.
01:44:08 These amazing creatures voluntarily vomit their entire stomach with all its contents.
01:44:14 Once they have finished, they reintroduce their main digestive organ into their body.
01:44:19 The whole process usually takes no more than a second.
01:44:23 Some species of sharks, such as the great white or mackerel,
01:44:27 have a special system to warm their eyes and brain with their retina.
01:44:31 This helps them not only better detect movements,
01:44:34 but also to improve the resolution of their vision.
01:44:37 What characterizes the mackerel is that this species often moves vertically through different temperatures.
01:44:44 Unlike most people who have only one mobile jaw,
01:44:47 sharks can move freely their lower and upper jaws.
01:44:51 This allows them to have a better grip on their meal and chew it faster and more completely.
01:44:57 That's reassuring!
01:44:59 Sharks give birth to a large number of young at the same time.
01:45:02 It depends on the species, of course.
01:45:04 But the blue shark, for example, is famous for giving birth to more than 130 young at the same time.
01:45:09 The great white sharks have a bite that is more powerful than most felines in the jungle and savannah.
01:45:15 An aquatic predator 6 meters long can produce a force of more than 276 kg per square centimeter,
01:45:22 which is a bite four times more powerful than that of a lion or tiger.
01:45:26 Humans, with their miserable bite of 10 to 14 kg per square centimeter, are not at all in the race.
01:45:33 The swelling sharks defend themselves by swallowing a huge amount of water.
01:45:37 The shark's body then becomes twice as large as its normal size.
01:45:41 And that makes potential predators flee.
01:45:43 Sharks can grow more than 50,000 teeth over their lifetime.
01:45:47 But all their teeth are not the same.
01:45:49 The strongest and most massive are at the front.
01:45:52 And those closest to the rear are smaller and less powerful.
01:45:56 But if the front teeth are damaged, these weaker teeth can replace them.
01:46:00 This is possible because shark teeth are not as deeply rooted as human teeth, and they can move.
01:46:06 The shark's skin has the same touch as glass paper.
01:46:09 It is made of small scales resembling teeth pointing towards the animal's tail.
01:46:14 This reduces the friction that occurs when sharks move in the water.
01:46:19 Whale sharks have extremely thick skin.
01:46:22 At certain places in their body, it can reach 15 cm thick.
01:46:26 It is one of the most resistant skins in the animal world.
01:46:29 Scientists have to make a lot of effort if they want to collect a sample of this creature's blood.
01:46:34 Sharks have an incredible sense of smell.
01:46:37 But in addition to that, they use another sense to detect other animals.
01:46:41 They have special ports around their heads, near the nostrils and under the muzzle.
01:46:46 These are special organs, a bit like a second sight.
01:46:49 Each creature generates a tiny electric field.
01:46:52 Thanks to these ports, sharks can detect these electric fields and know where other animals are.
01:46:59 Sharks have incredibly thin ears.
01:47:02 They can hear their potential meal at a distance of 900 meters.
01:47:06 They can also capture low-frequency sounds, like those produced by the contraction of a fish's muscle tissue.
01:47:12 Sharks have existed for more than 400 million years.
01:47:15 This means that they have experienced four massive extinctions out of five.
01:47:19 This makes them much older than Mount Everest, humans, dinosaurs and even trees.
01:47:24 These creatures date back to the time when coral reefs were just starting to form.
01:47:29 Some species of sharks can jump out of the water, like the great white shark or the pelican shark.
01:47:35 They are known to be able to jump to more than 2.5 meters in the air.
01:47:39 Thanks to this maneuver, they can catch animals such as seals or sea birds.
01:47:44 But unless you are in South Africa, it is unlikely that you will see a shark jump out of the water.
01:47:50 The shark skeleton is made up of muscles and cartilage, which are lighter and twice as dense as the bones.
01:47:56 This makes sharks more flexible and allows them to make tight turns when they chase other animals.
01:48:02 It is not for nothing that hammerhead sharks have such a weirdly shaped head.
01:48:06 Thanks to it, these creatures have an incredible 360-degree vision.
01:48:11 Their eyes are slightly tilted forward, which allows them to have a field of vision that overlaps.
01:48:16 The terrifying jaws of the goblin shark are attached to elastic ligaments.
01:48:21 They can unfold from the animal's muzzle up to 8 cm.
01:48:25 This allows the animal to catapult its mouth forward to catch other marine creatures.
01:48:31 Sharks do not sleep like you. Some species must never stop swimming.
01:48:35 Otherwise, the water will stop flowing into their gills and they will no longer be able to breathe.
01:48:40 Others rest, but do not enter a state of unconsciousness.
01:48:43 They simply enter special rest periods.
01:48:46 These creatures have no eyelids.
01:48:48 This is why their eyes are always open and their pupils monitor their environment.
01:48:53 They also keep their mouths open so that water can pass through their gills.
01:48:57 Sharks can travel remarkably long distances without needing rest.
01:49:02 All this thanks to their strange sleeping habits.
01:49:05 For example, the great white sharks can swim over distances of more than 3,200 km without stopping to eat or rest.
01:49:12 How come these creatures don't starve?
01:49:15 They leech in the fat stored in their liver.
01:49:18 By the way, this organ can represent up to a third of the animal's body weight.
01:49:23 Contrary to popular belief, sharks do not swim backwards and cannot go backwards.
01:49:29 Their tails propel them forward and their pectoral fins help them maintain their balance and turn.
01:49:34 This means that these animals can only move forward.
01:49:38 Sharks have no vocal cords.
01:49:40 They cannot produce sound to communicate with each other or express their emotions.
01:49:44 This is why they must use bodily movements such as twisting their bodies or turning around.
01:49:49 Sharks live in all the oceans of the world, but several species also inhabit rivers and freshwater lakes.
01:49:55 For example, bull sharks have been found in tropical rivers.
01:49:59 They are also known to be able to swim between fresh and salt water.
01:50:03 The smallest shark that exists is the dwarf lantern shark.
01:50:07 This unique creature is not more than 20 cm long, but it is smaller in many other ways.
01:50:13 For example, some of its organs emit light.
01:50:17 And since the creature lives in shallow waters, it helps it to camouflage in the sun's rays.
01:50:22 Blue sharks eat a lot, often more than they need.
01:50:26 Some of this food can remain undigested for weeks until it is necessary to provide them with energy.
01:50:33 Sharks have something that looks like a tongue, but this organ is called the basihal.
01:50:38 It is the front part of the cartilage that goes from the shark's chest to its mouth.
01:50:42 It does not move and is almost useless.
01:50:45 This so-called tongue does not participate in the feeding process.
01:50:49 It is not covered with gustative papillae.
01:50:51 Its only real use could be that it supports some of the bones that connect the gills of the shark.
01:50:57 There are hundreds of species of sharks in the world, about 500.
01:51:01 Some of them are rather bizarre.
01:51:03 Just look at the goblin shark, the pelican shark or the ferrous scaly-faced shark.
01:51:08 All these sharks vary in size, from a few centimeters to tens of meters long.
01:51:13 They also live in very different environments.
01:51:15 Tiger sharks eat everything that falls under their jaws.
01:51:19 And the strangest things they have eaten?
01:51:21 We found camiscopes, billiard bags, registration plates,
01:51:25 from almost all American states, dog leashes and much more.
01:51:30 Each whale shark has a unique pattern on its skin.
01:51:33 These spots and stripes can be used to identify each specimen,
01:51:37 just as digital prints are used to identify people.
01:51:41 The gray shark can dive to a depth equivalent to 5 Empire State Buildings.
01:51:46 When they are born or hatch, baby sharks are already fully fed.
01:51:50 And if they choose to swim far from their mother,
01:51:53 they do not need to look for food for at least several weeks.
01:51:57 You swim 3 km in the depths of the ocean.
01:52:00 Don't ask me how, but play the game.
01:52:03 It's cold and the pressure is intense.
01:52:05 There are no fish in sight.
01:52:07 Then you notice something green and shiny.
01:52:10 It's a ferrous scaly-faced shark.
01:52:12 Its neck shines in the dark to attract fish and other delicious goodies.
01:52:16 This shark looks like nothing.
01:52:18 It is small, about the size of a cat.
01:52:20 It has brown skin and big green eyes.
01:52:23 But appearances can be misleading.
01:52:25 Every night, this creature goes back to the surface
01:52:28 and attacks large white sharks, whales and even sparrows.
01:52:32 If you look closely, you will see its round mouth with a lot of pointed teeth.
01:52:37 Its teeth do not only bite, but they work a bit like a saw.
01:52:41 This shark is called "scaly-faced ferrous", "cookie cutter shark" in English,
01:52:45 because when it sees something delicious,
01:52:47 it squeezes and bites into a cookie.
01:52:51 These sharks are even known to defrost submarines.
01:52:54 We wonder what flavor they have.
01:52:56 Our next shark is about the length of a car.
01:53:00 Only a hundred of these sharks have been spotted,
01:53:03 but if you ever meet one, you will never forget it.
01:53:06 It has a big mouth, a huge mouth, a mega mouth, like mine.
01:53:12 It is the "big-mouthed shark".
01:53:14 You could easily hold it in if you put yourself in a ball.
01:53:17 But they are not dangerous, at least not for humans.
01:53:20 They feed by swimming with their mouths open,
01:53:23 filtering plankton and other underwater products.
01:53:26 The shark has special organs in its mouth that shine to attract small crustaceans.
01:53:31 They swim in the depths of the ocean, in total darkness.
01:53:35 But it probably also has a big smile.
01:53:38 Fox sharks also have a very voluminous body part, the tail.
01:53:42 It is almost half the length of the shark itself,
01:53:45 and looks like a helicopter blade.
01:53:47 It is one of the rare animals that hunts by using its tail.
01:53:50 The shark surprises a bunch of fish and starts shaking its gain.
01:53:54 This scares some of the fish, which is precisely the desired goal.
01:53:59 In a wink, it can also use its tail to defend itself.
01:54:02 What's really cool about this shark is that it doesn't attack people.
01:54:06 The angelfish, although there are several types of angelfish,
01:54:10 are more sharks than angels.
01:54:12 They are flat like pastenag rays,
01:54:14 and their skin is covered with patterns that help them melt in the seabed.
01:54:19 Because of this camouflage, divers sometimes accidentally touch them.
01:54:23 Which is not necessarily a good idea.
01:54:25 They are fast and have powerful jaws.
01:54:28 Yet they prefer the taste of small fish to yours.
01:54:31 The angelfish has two crests that look like horns just above its eyes.
01:54:37 It is without a doubt the grandfather of the world of sharks.
01:54:40 It is not aggressive, it swims quite slowly and goes to bed late almost every night.
01:54:45 Its two favorite meals are the urchins and the crustaceans.
01:54:49 It moves its fins on the seabed, a bit like it has legs.
01:54:53 But don't underestimate this guy, he has one of the strongest bites of all sharks.
01:54:58 It needs its big teeth to crush the shells of its dinner at the end of the evening.
01:55:02 And if something tries to attack it, you have to be careful.
01:55:05 The horned sleeper sharks have pointed fins on their fins.
01:55:09 The price of the most ugly shark is determined by the shark of the Utah, and it is far ahead.
01:55:14 From the outside, it already looks a bit weird,
01:55:17 and it is about the size of a pink submarine motorcycle.
01:55:21 It has a long tail and a very long nose.
01:55:23 It lives in the depths of the ocean and loves to eat squid.
01:55:27 It is not as fast as its congeners, but it is much more sly.
01:55:31 It has a secret and totally wild technique to catch squid.
01:55:36 The shark swims behind the squid, catches it and gets closer and closer.
01:55:41 But no question that the squid slows down.
01:55:44 It looks like the poor Utah shark will not have lunch today.
01:55:47 And then, it opens its mouth.
01:55:50 Its jaw is attached to folds of skin that allow it to literally throw it out of its mouth.
01:55:56 And as it is a shark, its teeth are sharp.
01:55:59 This additional range allows it to capture its meal,
01:56:02 and once the feast is over, it simply puts its jaw back in its mouth.
01:56:07 These sharks have been spotted many times off the coast of Japan.
01:56:11 They owe their name to the myths and fairy tales of Japanese.
01:56:15 There is only one thing cooler than a ninja shark.
01:56:18 It is the ninja lantern shark.
01:56:20 Imagine that there is a tube that you can slide down and that takes you to the bottom of the ocean.
01:56:25 It is too dark, you can not see anything.
01:56:28 Suddenly, you notice a bright spot that moves away.
01:56:31 It gets closer and heads for you.
01:56:34 It is a blue and shiny head.
01:56:36 Worse, it looks like this head has no body.
01:56:39 The ninja lantern shark has black skin.
01:56:42 It is therefore almost invisible in the dark.
01:56:44 It has the size of a human arm, but its small, sharp teeth are far from being gadgets.
01:56:49 Nobody really knows why this shark shines.
01:56:52 Maybe to attract tasty fish.
01:56:54 Another theory advances that it uses this light to communicate with its friends.
01:56:59 Does it really have friends?
01:57:01 The hammerhead shark.
01:57:03 This ferocious shark can weigh up to half a ton.
01:57:06 It lives in the tropical waters of the world and is one of the easiest sharks to recognize.
01:57:11 Its eyes are actually located on the sides of its head in the shape of a hammer.
01:57:15 This means that it can see in almost all directions.
01:57:18 It even has special muscles at the neck level to raise and lower its head to see a little better.
01:57:24 His favorite food?
01:57:26 The pastenag rays.
01:57:27 You know, those flat things that swim at the bottom of the sea, camouflaged to look like sand and pieces of rock.
01:57:33 The pastenag rays get by by melting in their environment, while the danger is only passing.
01:57:39 But the hammerhead shark's eyes see everything.
01:57:42 Oh oh!
01:57:43 The great white sharks, the hammerhead sharks and other great sharks live about 25 years.
01:57:48 But there is a shark that can live much longer.
01:57:51 The Greenland shark can live between 300 and 500 years.
01:57:56 It is mainly found in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
01:58:00 He likes to swim in the depths where it is dark, so he uses his nose to sniff the food.
01:58:06 As he spends a lot of time at the bottom, he has found a way to resist the strong pressure.
01:58:11 It is one of the oldest living fish, the largest and slowest on Earth.
01:58:16 Imagine that you are on a cruise in the Arctic and you see one of these sharks moving slowly in the icy water.
01:58:22 He may be 400 years older than you.
01:58:25 Most sharks are omnivores.
01:58:27 They can attack dolphins, other sharks, crabs, urchins, smaller fish or even bigger.
01:58:34 Hot dogs?
01:58:35 No, I'm kidding about hot dogs.
01:58:37 But the shark, the sharkhead shark, is a little different.
01:58:41 It eats half of its meals.
01:58:44 It is actually related to the hammerhead shark, but its head looks more like a shovel.
01:58:49 Can you dig?
01:58:50 If you see this last one swimming, you might think it's a sea snake or a huge glass of water.
01:58:55 Lizard sharks like to swim in the ocean, like many other sharks.
01:59:00 When they hunt something delicious, they move a bit like a snake.
01:59:04 And just like a snake, they like to swallow their meal in one piece.
01:59:08 But that doesn't mean they don't have teeth.
01:59:11 On the contrary, they have about 200 and they are well sharpened.
01:59:15 The lizard shark has a long, flat and very pointy nose.
01:59:18 The teeth on its nose keep growing.
01:59:21 Each of its teeth is equipped with electrical receivers to help the lizard shark feel the fish that are nearby, like the radar of a ship.
01:59:30 When the dinner is nearby, the shark swims and hits its nose, waving it like a knight showing off its talents.
01:59:37 Besides, if this guy comes close, you won't have time to blink.
01:59:42 You saw it?
01:59:43 And now, I present to you the fastest shark in the world, the mackerel shark.
01:59:48 It can swim up to 55 km/h.
01:59:51 It doesn't seem that fast on land, but under water, it is.
01:59:55 It is longer than a cheetah, but faster than most dogs.
01:59:59 It has hot blood, which is super rare for a shark.
02:00:03 This allows it to swim to cold and remote places where an ordinary shark would not survive.
02:00:09 The mackerel shark goes much faster.
02:00:11 It can swim up to 90 km/h.
02:00:14 It's not a shark, but it's still an extraordinary creature.
02:00:18 In a race, the mackerel shark usually comes first.
02:00:21 But it's not just fast, it's ingeniously fast.
02:00:25 It has a gland next to its nose that pumps a special oil.
02:00:28 This oil spreads through the nose and comes out through tiny holes.
02:00:32 This special oil is waterproof, which allows the mackerel shark to slide in the water at high speed.
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