FENÔMENOS NATURAIS MAIS ESTRANHOS DO MUNDO
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00:00 Part of these secrets come from fantastic phenomena, many of them already explained,
00:07 many of them dangerous, but all of them completely fascinating.
00:14 From craters of eternal fire to volcanic rays, let's embark today on these phenomena
00:20 that cause awe and admiration at the same time.
00:24 I am Ricardo Bressan and welcome to Megafactos.
00:30 And in today's video we have prepared for you a list of the strangest natural phenomena.
00:36 So leave that mega like, subscribe to the channel and activate the notification bell.
00:43 Bora pro video?
00:46 Lava flow
00:47 Volcanoes are true and genuine forces of nature. With approximately 1500 of these structures
00:56 on planet Earth, when one of them comes into action, the consequences tend to be gigantic.
01:03 Volcanoes can generate three types of eruptions. The effusive, where only the lava is expelled.
01:11 The explosive, where there is no lava emission, but only rocky fragments, called pyroclasts.
01:19 And the mixed, in which the volcano emits both lava and pyroclasts.
01:26 The lava is nothing more than huge rock masses in total fusion, that is, melted by the heat,
01:34 and the eruptions occur when this lava, which is located below the surface
01:39 of the Earth, rises to the surface.
01:42 The amount of lava expelled by a volcano can be so large that it forms real rivers
01:48 of melted rock at a temperature that can reach more than 1000 degrees Celsius.
01:55 These lava flows melt almost everything they pass through, and when they cool down, they can form
02:01 real rock barriers.
02:05 Despite the destructive potential and the scary scene, volcanic eruptions are incredible
02:10 phenomena and we cannot deny the beauty of these lava flows.
02:17 Redemoinho
02:19 If you live in the central region of Brazil, where for most of the year you have
02:25 higher temperatures and dry weather, you have probably witnessed this phenomenon at some
02:31 point, even in a small proportion.
02:36 Redemoinhos can only be seen on very hot days.
02:39 It happens that the heat concentrated in a specific area of the soil can generate a difference
02:45 in atmospheric pressure between this particular area and the adjacent areas.
02:50 This difference in pressure causes the hot air in these adjacent areas to converge to
02:56 the hottest region, causing a column of hot air to rise in circular movements, carrying
03:02 dust together and generating the redemoinho.
03:07 Redemoinhos, despite being harmless in most cases, can reach large sizes,
03:13 like this one recorded on the Diamantina Plateau.
03:17 Or even occur for more than a year in the same place.
03:22 In 2019, another level of this phenomenon was recorded in the state of Goiás.
03:29 During the burning of a cannabis field, the high temperatures ended up generating a
03:34 fire redemoinho.
03:35 Scary, isn't it?
03:38 Enxurrada
03:40 Considered a blessing from heaven, especially in places where it only occurs at one time
03:47 of the year, the rains bring hope, making the plants greener, making them fruitful
03:53 and consequently attract more animals, as well as helping a lot in human activities,
03:59 such as agriculture.
04:01 However, with the rains come the showers.
04:05 The showers are the excess water that is not absorbed by the soil and runs freely,
04:11 carrying everything that can in its path.
04:14 Some showers can reach huge proportions, resembling temporary rivers.
04:20 Despite being a natural phenomenon, human activity has contributed, and still contributes
04:26 significantly, to the increase and occurrence of showers.
04:30 As today, much of our soil is compacted by cement and asphalt, in cities,
04:36 most of the rainwater does not penetrate the soil, creating showers.
04:41 In addition, deforestation contributes to this phenomenon, since trees, mainly
04:47 through their roots, in addition to keeping the soil more permeable, help to hold the
04:52 momentum of the showers.
04:55 Without trees and with compacted soil, there is no way to prevent the water from running freely.
05:03 Soil explosion
05:05 The next images are not specifically about natural phenomena, but a strategy
05:12 used by engineering to open spaces during the installation of pipes.
05:18 This technique uses a dynamite load, positioned in strategic locations under the soil.
05:25 These explosives are activated in sequence, so that they only open a trench
05:30 necessary to pass the planned pipe, and thus not causing any additional damage
05:36 in the adjacent areas.
05:39 This technique can be quite disastrous if the calculations for its planning are not
05:45 done in an extremely precise way.
05:48 However, when everything goes well, it can be used to open trenches
05:53 up to hundreds of meters.
05:57 Despite not being a natural phenomenon, it is impossible not to be impressed with the execution
06:02 of this technique.
06:05 Lava in the ocean
06:08 What is the best way to put out a fire or reduce the temperature of a hot object?
06:15 With water, right?
06:16 This is what happens when these lava flows hit the ocean.
06:21 The contact of hot lava flow with cold sea water generates a thermal shock that solidifies
06:27 the lava almost instantly, at the same time that it generates a large cloud of evaporated water.
06:36 Volcanic rivers
06:39 Not only lava lives a volcano.
06:42 As if that were not enough, the fluxes of melted rock with very high temperatures and explosions
06:48 of pyroclasts that can be launched from miles away, some volcanic eruptions
06:54 generate lightning.
06:56 That's right, you heard it right.
06:58 Lightning.
06:59 Volcanic lightning usually occurs in mixed-type eruptions.
07:05 It turns out that during these eruptions, many particles are thrown into the atmosphere, generating
07:11 entire clouds of solid debris, the so-called volcanic ashes.
07:17 These particles are charged with static electricity.
07:21 And when the particles charged with negative electricity separate from the particles charged
07:27 with positive electricity in a way that generates a greater charge than the resistance of the
07:33 air, electricity flows between them, generating lightning.
07:38 Water pump
07:40 Who does not like to take a relaxing waterfall bath?
07:45 Contact with nature, water massaging your body is very nice.
07:51 However, you need to be very careful.
07:54 If you are taking that nice waterfall bath and suddenly feel that the water flow is
08:00 increasing very fast, get out of the water, because you are probably witnessing a water
08:07 pump.
08:09 Water pumps occur when there is a very strong rain on the head, the top of the
08:14 river, and that excess water is dissipated by the course of the water below.
08:20 The water goes down practically uncontrollably, and the volume is gigantic, causing accidents
08:27 for people who are having fun in the river.
08:32 Sandstorm
08:34 When thinking of a storm, the first image that comes to our mind is of torrential rains,
08:39 filled with thunderous thunderbolts and lightning, which lighten the darkest nights.
08:46 Despite the most common concept, nature can often surprise us with storms without
08:52 a drop of water.
08:54 Sandstorms
08:57 These storms naturally occur in desert environments, where there is obviously
09:03 a lot of sand.
09:05 The sand is small particles of accumulated soil, and are in a constant dynamic process
09:11 of movement, because they can be easily carried by the wind.
09:17 If there is an incidence of a very strong wind, many particles of sand can be carried
09:23 at the same time, generating clouds that can cover large areas, the so-called sandstorms.
09:31 Have you ever imagined being in the middle of one of these?
09:34 It doesn't seem to be one of the most pleasant situations.
09:37 Although most of these storms are low-risk, some of them can reach
09:43 proportions so large that they can bury entire structures.
09:49 Darvish crater
09:52 In religions, hell is always represented by a place where the fire burns eternally,
09:59 and that's why the Darvish crater has received the unkindly nickname of "the door to hell".
10:08 Located in Karakum, Turkmenistan, the Darvish crater is about 30 meters deep
10:15 and 70 meters in diameter, and has been in flames for more than 40 years.
10:20 That's what you heard, the crater has been on fire for more than 40 years.
10:25 This phenomenon, however, is not natural.
10:28 The region was discovered in the 1970s, when Soviet geologists drilled the region
10:34 looking for oil.
10:36 However, they ended up hitting a gas pool.
10:40 The gas pool was so large that the platform gave way, opening the hole that exists today.
10:46 Geologists were concerned about the open gas crater of that size.
10:51 They feared that it would emit a large volume of toxic gases, and thought it would be a better idea
10:57 to set fire to the site, hoping that the gas would soon be consumed, than to try to close the crater.
11:03 Apparently it wasn't a good idea, since since the first flame started in the Darvish crater,
11:11 it never went out.
11:14 Bioluminescence
11:17 Bioluminescence is a phenomenon that the name itself explains.
11:21 "Bio" comes from Latin and means "life", and "lumen", also from Latin, means "light".
11:28 Thus, bioluminescence is the ability that some living beings have to produce their own light.
11:35 This phenomenon alone would give a video, the size and breadth it has in nature,
11:41 ranging from simple organisms like algae to vertebrates like some fish from abyssal areas
11:48 that have their own light.
11:51 You have certainly seen a bioluminescent phenomenon without knowing what it was.
11:56 Just remember a firefly.
11:59 That glow of fireflies is, in itself, a bioluminescent phenomenon.
12:04 In some places, these algae can accumulate with such a proportion that they leave the beaches
12:10 with a magnificent color, as if the waves shone under the moonlight.
12:16 Another very famous bioluminescent phenomenon can be seen in the Brazilian Cerrado.
12:22 The aforementioned fireflies lay their eggs in nesting boxes, and when the larvae hatch,
12:28 they have bioluminescent heads.
12:32 This strategy makes their prey attracted by light, in addition to making the nesting box
12:38 look like a Christmas tree full of sparkles.
12:43 Submersible waterfall
12:45 When you think of a waterfall, no one imagines that a structure that depends essentially
12:51 on the force of gravity will be located under water.
12:56 However, this phenomenon of the Mauritius Islands seems to challenge the laws of physics.
13:02 Despite the impressive image, the underwater waterfall of the Mauritius Islands is actually
13:08 an optical illusion.
13:10 The region has crystal clear waters, allowing you to see the bottom of the sea even at a
13:15 great distance.
13:17 The sand and sediments slide towards the ocean due to the action of the waves, and when
13:23 you fly over the region, the impression you get is that you are seeing a waterfall that
13:28 flows into the ocean floor.
13:32 Which of these phenomena impressed you the most?
13:35 Which of them would you be brave enough to witness in person?
13:40 Nature is truly sensational, so it is important that, every day, we seek to know its mysteries
13:48 and understand its phenomena.
13:51 We'll stop here, but we'll see you soon!
13:53 [Music]