Oppenheimer- The Father of Atomic Bomb - Story You Didn’t Know - Oppenheimer Story - Bhagavad Gita
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00:00 "I am death in the form of time, destroyer of the world"
00:04 The second quote is a Hindi translation of a shloka of Bhagavad Gita,
00:08 which came out of Julius Robert Oppenheimer's mouth when he saw the explosion of the first atomic bomb made by himself in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
00:26 Julius Robert Oppenheimer is considered one of the world's most prominent scientists,
00:30 whose scientific discovery has left the world as it was before.
00:34 The first glimpse of this change was seen in August 1945,
00:38 when the United States took revenge on Japan and dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
00:44 which not only killed millions of Japanese, but also witnessed the biggest man-made destruction in human history.
00:51 And friends, today the whole world is feeling the threats of such nuclear attacks, which would have never been possible if Julius Robert Oppenheimer had not taken the responsibility of making this bomb.
01:02 Welcome to Study IQ, my name is Anurag Pandey.
01:06 And in today's video, we are going to understand the story of Robert Oppenheimer in detail.
01:11 We will also learn how Robert Oppenheimer, while defeating Germany at the risk of an atomic bomb, made America the first country in the world to have an atomic bomb.
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02:20 Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904 in New York City, USA.
02:27 His father Julius Oppenheimer was a first-generation German migrant in America.
02:31 He came to America and set up a large export business of his textile.
02:35 And when Robert was born, his family was very wealthy.
02:39 It was seen that Robert was very good at reading and writing from childhood.
02:43 His mind was only in books.
02:45 And this was the reason that he did not have any special friends in his childhood.
02:48 You will be surprised to know that at the age of 9, Robert started reading philosophy in Greek and Latin.
02:55 His interest was also increasing in mineralogy.
02:57 After which he used to send letters related to his findings to the Mineralogical Club of New York.
03:03 Friends, at the young age of 9, his letter had such an impact that the Mineralogical Club considered Robert an adult scholar
03:10 and invited him to give a presentation on his findings.
03:15 It is seen that Robert was going to Harvard for higher studies after finishing schooling,
03:20 but he got very sick.
03:22 To recover from this, Robert's father sent him to New Mexico with an English teacher.
03:27 New Mexico liked Oppenheimer very much and soon he started getting better.
03:33 Friends, the interesting thing here is that when the location for the nuclear bomb testing was being searched,
03:38 Robert Oppenheimer chose this New Mexico at that time.
03:42 Anyway, after taking admission at Harvard at the age of 18,
03:45 Oppenheimer studied subjects such as chemistry, history, literature, philosophy and mathematics.
03:52 In 1925, Oppenheimer completed his bachelor's degree.
03:56 Before this, he got admission in the Masters in Christ College, Cambridge in 1924,
04:01 where he wrote a letter to Ernest Rutherford to work with him.
04:06 It is seen that Rutherford was the biggest scientist of chemistry at that time,
04:10 who had discovered alpha and beta rays and had also made atomic models.
04:14 But Rutherford did not accept Oppenheimer's request.
04:18 After this, when Oppenheimer reached Cambridge, he was asked to write a letter to the other biggest name of chemistry,
04:22 that is, J.J. Thomson, who had discovered the electron,
04:26 he got a chance to work under him.
04:28 Thomson had given this opportunity to Oppenheimer on a condition
04:31 and that condition was that he would do all the lab assignments.
04:34 The second task had become very exhausting for Oppenheimer.
04:37 About which, writing in a letter, Oppenheimer says that he does not like the lab work at all
04:43 and he thinks that he may learn something here.
04:46 In this, Robert's mental state was so bad day by day that
04:50 once he had left Apple by applying noxious chemicals on his own tutor's desk.
04:55 After which the university informed his parents and asked them to remove him from the university.
05:00 Robert then took admission in the most famous university of Germany in 1926,
05:05 that is, the University of Gottingen for a PhD,
05:08 where he met the world's best theoretical physicists like Heisenberg and Enrico Fermi,
05:14 who became very famous in the future.
05:16 In this way, in 1927, Robert Oppenheimer completed his PhD at the age of 23.
05:23 During this time, Robert Oppenheimer published many research papers,
05:27 in which his research in quantum mechanics was very helpful.
05:31 And it is seen that during this time he also studied atom and nucleus,
05:35 in which his interest also increased.
05:37 After completing his PhD, when Oppenheimer returned to America,
05:40 he was getting a chance to work in Caltech University.
05:44 On the other hand, Harvard University was also calling him to do research here.
05:48 In this way, he did his research at Harvard in 1927 and Caltech University in 1928.
05:54 Friends, while working at Caltech University, his friendship with Linus Carl Pauling became deep,
06:00 which is included in the list of the 20 greatest scientists of all time.
06:05 Oppenheimer and Carl were doing excellent research on a chemical bond,
06:09 Carl found out that Oppenheimer was having an affair with his wife.
06:14 In this way, after this incident, not only did their friendship end,
06:17 but later on, when Robert needed Carl in the Manhattan Project,
06:21 and he wanted to make him the head of the chemistry division,
06:23 it was seen that Carl had clearly refused,
06:26 which had a big impact on the Manhattan Project.
06:29 A few years after his research, Oppenheimer took the job of associate professor in Caltech,
06:34 but he was so lost in his topics that his lectures were delayed for many hours.
06:39 And because of this, the students stopped attending his class,
06:43 after which they had to take proper teaching training.
06:46 In the 1930s, Robert Oppenheimer worked with many famous scientists,
06:51 in which his work was recognized a lot with the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Ernest Lawrence.
06:56 Let me tell you that Ernest Lawrence was working on cyclotron,
07:00 which was a kind of particle accelerator.
07:03 And after his success, Oppenheimer got a promotion,
07:06 after which he became a professor from associate professor.
07:09 Friends, in the beginning of 1936,
07:12 where on one hand his academic and scientific career was getting stronger,
07:15 on the other hand, his mental health was getting worse day by day.
07:19 In this way, he started taking advice from a psychiatrist,
07:21 and during this time, Oppenheimer's encounter with Bhagavad Gita also happened.
07:25 Friends, to understand Bhagavad Gita, Robert Oppenheimer
07:29 learned Sanskrit from the Sanskrit professor Arthur W. Ryder of the University of California.
07:34 And Robert kept believing that Bhagavad Gita has completely changed his life and his thinking.
07:40 Friends, after that when his life got a little balanced,
07:42 he married a medical researcher Catherine Punning in 1940.
07:47 Here I will tell you that Robert was a person who supported the communist ideology.
07:51 In 1937, when his father Julius Oppenheimer died,
07:55 and he left a property of about 4 lakhs dollars for his two sons.
07:59 It is seen that Robert Oppenheimer took his share of property
08:02 and donated it to the University of California for the scholarship of graduates.
08:06 And you can guess his communist ideology from this.
08:10 But friends, later when Stalin increased his atrocities in Russia,
08:13 Robert lost his faith in communism and he started to be busy in his scientific theories.
08:18 Friends, during this time, the Second World War also started in 1939.
08:23 And the time had come for Oppenheimer's biggest project,
08:26 that is, the Manhattan Project.
08:28 Friends, before the Manhattan Project of America started,
08:32 Germany had started making nuclear bombs on its own.
08:35 In 1938, German scientists completed their research on the uncontrolled energy production
08:41 caused by fission reactions.
08:43 After which Germany started developing its nuclear bomb.
08:47 Friends, about this, Leo Sessler and two Hungarian German scientists also came to know.
08:51 And they were both Jews.
08:53 In this way, both scientists were well aware of Hitler's growing hatred and his desire to defeat the world.
08:59 They knew that if Germany makes a bomb, then after that,
09:02 nothing else will be seen except destruction all over the world.
09:06 And because of this, these two scientists tried to inform the American president about this.
09:11 But they were afraid that their letter might be ignored in the White House.
09:16 In this way, they gave information to the great scientist of Germany, Albert Einstein,
09:20 who was also a Jew and was living in America because of the fear of Hitler.
09:26 Friends, when Einstein got information about the nuclear bomb, he wrote a letter to the US President, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
09:33 You can see that in this letter, he not only gave information about the atom bomb being made in Germany,
09:39 but also told the American president how America would have to work to deal with the situation.
09:45 Friends, America had no idea that something like this was going to happen in Germany.
09:51 On 2nd August 1939, Einstein's letter and on 1st September 1939, Germany attacked Poland.
09:58 And then at the beginning of the Second World War, America forced it to think deeply about it.
10:03 After which the project Manhattan started working quickly.
10:07 Friends, after Einstein's letter, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave permission to the American Lieutenant General Leslie Groves
10:13 to research on the nuclear bomb.
10:15 It is seen that the Pentagon of America in Virginia was also the vision of the Lieutenant General Groves.
10:21 And friends, the name of this project was kept because it started from Manhattan City.
10:28 The second reason was that it had to be hidden from the people of America along with the whole world.
10:34 There were also many government officers who did not get any information about this project until it was ready as a bomb.
10:42 Friends, the research started, but there was no rapid growth in it.
10:46 And the reason for this was that America did not join the war in the first two years of World War II.
10:51 In fact, it was only exporting weapons to Britain.
10:54 But Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor Naval Base on Hawaii Island on 7 December 1941,
11:01 which was affected by the whole of America.
11:03 And after this attack, America became part of the Second World War.
11:07 Friends, after that, America accelerated its attempt to make a nuclear bomb
11:12 and the scientist chosen by Lieutenant General Leslie to make a nuclear bomb in this project was Robert Oppenheimer.
11:20 It was seen that Robert was made the leader of this team in June 1942,
11:24 which led to a lot of opposition that a scientist who followed a communist ideology
11:29 How can the leader of the team who made the atom bomb be made?
11:33 However, despite the opposition, Leslie remained firm on his decision.
11:36 And this was because he knew that the whole work was based on neutron and the energy coming out of it.
11:43 In this way, at that time, America did not have much expertise on this subject than Oppenheimer.
11:48 But friends, it was not that the lead scientist of Oppenheimer was successful in making the atomic bomb.
11:55 In fact, Robert, Cleo Sazalert, Enrico Fermi, Einstein, Edward Taylor and Richard Feynman,
12:01 like great scientists, were joined and with all of them, a team of 15 scientists of the Manhattan Project was formed,
12:07 which was led by Robert Oppenheimer.
12:10 Friends, 130,000 workers were also working in this with the scientist team.
12:15 And this was because America did not have the presence of enriched uranium
12:19 and neither did they have much time to extract uranium-235.
12:24 In this way, it was decided that America would make its atomic bomb from plutonium instead of enriched uranium,
12:30 which can generate unimaginable energy by doing a fission reaction like uranium.
12:36 Friends, the interesting thing is that plutonium was discovered in the University of California in 1940,
12:42 which would have never been possible if it had not been discovered.
12:49 It was seen that after taking the responsibility of making the bomb in June,
12:52 Oppenheimer and his team had cleared it by September 1942 that the atomic bomb could be made.
12:58 After that, a big plan was developed for it and the most popular place for testing the bomb,
13:04 that is, Los Alamos in New Mexico was chosen, which was a completely barren area
13:09 and that is why it was chosen for the testing of the bomb.
13:12 Friends, this test was named Trinity, which meant God,
13:16 which basically talks about the three different existences of God,
13:20 which include the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
13:25 It was seen that for Trinity testing, proper arrangements were made for the military person and scientist to stay in Los Alamos.
13:32 None of them were allowed to go to their homes or meet any unknown person.
13:38 The bomb was continuously developed from 1943 to 1945,
13:42 after which on July 12, the plutonium enriched bomb was chosen for detonation.
13:47 But friends, in the meantime, Franklin D. Roosevelt's brain died due to hemorrhage,
13:51 after which Vice President Henry S. Truman gave permission for it.
13:55 Friends, it is also said that the whole project was so secret that
13:59 Vice President Henry S. Truman had no idea about it except for President Roosevelt.
14:04 So when he was asked for permission for the detonation of the bomb,
14:08 he was completely surprised that how and when the project was prepared
14:12 and we can understand how much secret the project was.
14:16 Friends, after the approval of Henry S. Truman, Trinity testing was held on July 12,
14:20 and when this atomic bomb exploded, the viewer could not even describe it.
14:25 It is also believed that the blast was like a mushroom shape bigger than the sky,
14:29 from which the energy was releasing as much as the light of thousands of suns.
14:33 And friends, seeing this, a verse of Bhagavad Gita came out of Oppenheimer's mouth,
14:38 which meant that when Lord Krishna showed his real form in front of Arjun,
14:43 he was also exactly like that and it seemed as if thousands of suns were shining together in the sky.
14:50 Friends, Oppenheimer felt this bomb blast as some divine form.
14:55 It was seen that after the successful testing of the bomb, where the rest of the people were very happy,
14:59 Oppenheimer was hit by a push, which he later told through a verse of Gita,
15:04 which meant that now I am dead.
15:08 That is, he has made something that will kill many innocent people.
15:13 Robert Oppenheimer was never happy with his work.
15:16 And friends, as Oppenheimer was thinking, on August 6, 1945,
15:20 it was also seen in Hiroshima, Japan,
15:23 where the first atom bomb named Little Boy was dropped and the entire Hiroshima was destroyed.
15:29 Then when Japan did not agree after this, on August 9, 1945,
15:33 the second atom bomb named Fat Man was also dropped on Nagasaki,
15:37 with which the story of the Second World War also ended.
15:40 Friends, seeing the devastation that took place in Japan, Oppenheimer decided that
15:44 there is no need to make any other bomb like this in the future.
15:48 And that is why when the American government offered to develop a hydrogen bomb,
15:53 they refused to accept it.
15:55 After which the United States declared them Soviet sympathizers and also took back their security.
16:01 Friends, Julius Robert Oppenheimer always felt that
16:04 the atom bomb he made has put the whole world in great danger.
16:09 But his dilemma was also that if he had not made the bomb, Germany would have made it,
16:14 which is possible that today the world would not have been able to survive.
16:17 Friends, while struggling with this mental trauma, Oppenheimer took his last breath on February 18, 1967.
16:24 But before his death, the whole world is in a hurry to develop nuclear weapons.
16:29 In this, it becomes clear from the story of Oppenheimer that
16:32 the misuse of science has always been dangerous for humanity.
16:37 And Oppenheimer regretted this for a lifetime.
16:40 Friends, Oppenheimer may have been a genius scientist,
16:43 but it would be better for the world if there is no other Oppenheimer in the future.
16:48 By the way, friends, what is your opinion on this issue?
16:50 Do write to us in the comment box of this video.
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