Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Victoria, Australia
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Aberfeldy Volcano
Bogong Volcano
Bonang Volcano
Lake Bullen Merri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bullen_Merri
Mount Buninyong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Buninyong
Lake Colongulac
Dargo
Mount Eccles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Eccles
Mount Elephant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elephant
Flinders Volcano
Mount Franklin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Franklin_(Victoria)
Gelantipy Volcano
Lake Gnotuk
Mount Hamilton
Mount Hotham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Hotham
Howitt Volcano
Lake Keilambete
Mount Kooroocheang
La Trobe Volcano
Mount Leura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Leura
Mount Macedon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Macedon
Mount Napier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Napier
Mount Noorat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Noorat
Poowong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poowong,_Victoria
Mount Porndon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Porndon
Lake Purrumbete
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Purrumbete
Toombullup Volcano
Tower Hill (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hill_(volcano)
Uplands Volcano
Mount Warrenheip
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warrenheip
Mount Warrnambool
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warrnambool
Western Plains
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Australia
Music: Awakening,YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental pl
Aberfeldy Volcano
Bogong Volcano
Bonang Volcano
Lake Bullen Merri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bullen_Merri
Mount Buninyong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Buninyong
Lake Colongulac
Dargo
Mount Eccles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Eccles
Mount Elephant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elephant
Flinders Volcano
Mount Franklin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Franklin_(Victoria)
Gelantipy Volcano
Lake Gnotuk
Mount Hamilton
Mount Hotham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Hotham
Howitt Volcano
Lake Keilambete
Mount Kooroocheang
La Trobe Volcano
Mount Leura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Leura
Mount Macedon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Macedon
Mount Napier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Napier
Mount Noorat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Noorat
Poowong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poowong,_Victoria
Mount Porndon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Porndon
Lake Purrumbete
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Purrumbete
Toombullup Volcano
Tower Hill (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hill_(volcano)
Uplands Volcano
Mount Warrenheip
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warrenheip
Mount Warrnambool
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Warrnambool
Western Plains
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Australia
Music: Awakening,YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental pl